O c 10 02 lien ket hoa hoc

cation và anion.cao... amoni -nitrat -nitrit -pemanganat 2-cacbonat 2-sunfat 2-sunfit 2-cromat 2--3 3-photphat.

11

13

5 4s

5 5s

14 5d

5 6s

14 6d

5 7s

5 4s

5 5s

14 5d

5 6s

14 6d

5 7s

6 4s

6 5s

14 5d

6 6s

14 6d

6 7s

7 4s

7 5s

14 5d

7 6s

14 6d

7 7s

8 4s

8 5s

14 5d

8 6s

14 6d

8 7s

2 2s

2 2p

2 2p

10 4s

2 p

10 5s

2 p

10 6s

2 p

2 2s

2 2p

2 2p

10 4s

2 p

10 5s

2 p

10 6s

2 p

2 2s

2 2p

2 2p

10 4s

2 p

10 5s

2 p

10 6s

2 p

2 2s

2 2p

2 2p

10 4s

2 p

10 5s

2 p

10 6s

2 p

10 4s

10 5s

14 5d

10 6s

14 6d

10 7s

10 4s

10 5s

14 5d

10 6s

14 6d

10 7s

1 4s

1 5s

1 6s

1 7s

2 4s

2 5s

14 5d

2 6s

14 6d

2 7s

3 4s

3 5s

14 5d

3 6s

14 6d

3 7s

H 2

cation (ion +)

VD:

anion (ion –)

8 –n).e X–(8–n) VD:

– 3e

không

khác nhau.

– O).

cation và anion.

cao.

*)

1

2

3

(A

(B

(C

(D

4

(A

6

(A

(B

(C

(D

(A

(B

(C

(D

8

(A) hai phi kim khác nhau.

(B

(C

(D

A

D

E NO3 , SO42–, CO32–, Br–, NH4+ là

(A) 32, 50, 32, 36, 10 (B) 32, 50, 30, 36, 10.

(C) 30, 46, 30, 34, 11 (D) 32, 48, 30, 34, 10

F

A

B

C

D

H

không

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 2.

I

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5.

J

K

VD:

– Trong NH3: x + 3.(+1) = 0 x = –3

– Trong HNO3: (+1) + x + 3.(-2) = 0 x = +5

VD:

+, Ca2+, Cl–

0 0 0 0

2 2

Cl , N , Cu, Fe

2 1 2 1 2 1 2

2 2

3 4 CuO, H NO , H S O , H O

(amoni)

-(nitrat)

-(nitrit)

-(pemanganat)

2-(cacbonat)

2-(sunfat)

2-(sunfit)

2-(cromat)

2 3

3-(photphat)

L 2, H2

N

O 2O3, AlCl3

P 2, Na2O, Na2O2 n lư

2y

x

2y x

VD1:

+

2+

2

W

VD3:

2O là

H O H 2O: H – O – H

VD5: 2, PCl5.

2.

S O

5.

Cl Cl

Cl Cl

P

Cl Cl Cl

Cl Cl

*)

–

"

5, SF6…

a 2O2, CO, HNO3, H2SO4. b

sau: NH3, CO2, Cl2

Câu

Câu

V

(a)

(b)

K

(d)

Mg

F¯

F

W

22s22p63s1

Y

CH4

H H C

H H H

H CTCT:

H2

CTCT: H–H (c)

O S O O

2

N

N +

CTCT: N

Cl2 NH3

H2O

H H

H H

N H

N H H H

O

H2O2

CO

HNO3

H2SO4

C O

H O N

O O

H O N

O O

H – O – O – H

C O

O

H O

H O

O O

Y

SO2

N2

Z

a

b

3, CO2, Cl2