Viết 1 bùi thị ngọc oanh

Some other transitive verbs: beat, contain, enjoy, hit, need, write… *Notes: Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive : begin, drop, hurt, open, ring, win • Arsenal won the mat

COURSE OUTLINE

Suggested self- study 60 periods

Cell phone: 0903544668

Email: bngocoanh2001@yahoo.com

Blog: http://my.opera.com/bngocoanh2001/blog

Textbooks:

1 Charles Miguel Cobb, (1996), Process and Pattern Wadsworth Pulishing Company

2 Alice Oshima (2003), Writing Academic Graw Hill Companies

Reference:

John C.Hodges (1996), College Handbook Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc

Subject objectives: The specific objectives of this subject are to help students to:

1. Introduce learners basic sentence structures

2. Skills to write a descriptive paragraph

3. Skills to write a narrative paragraph

Assessment for all students

- Final test: 50%

- Mid-term test: 50%, including:

• Participation + homework: 20%

• 2 Mid-term tests: 30%

Ways to learn Writing

1 Good vocabulary: broad, deep

- clarity, power & precision

- Look new words up in dictionary, learn 1 word/ day

- Incidental learning in context, direct learning

2 Good grammar:

- Bad grammar  Confuses readers, slow their reading

Lose your respect, influence and credibility

- Learn part of speech (adjective, adv, v, preposition…)

- Active versus Passive

-Punctuation (using “?”, “,”, “;”)

3 Find some useful websites

4 Keep a diary/ journal

5 Combine reading & writing

6 Check your checklist of writing

Session 1: Basic sentence patterns (13 periods)

There are 5 basic sentence structures as followings:

1 SUBJECT +VERB (Intransitive)

2 SUBJECT +VERB (transitive) + OBJECT

3 SUBJECT + VERB + subject COMPLEMENT

4 SUBJECT + VERB + INDIRECT OBJECT + DIRECT OBJECT

5 SUBJECT + VERB + Direct OBJECT + Object COMPLEMENT

1 SUBJECT +VERB (Intransitive)

Intransitive verbs are verbs that do not need an object after those verbs For example:

• I run every day I party at night.

• He died suddenly.

• We arrived at 11.

Some other intransitive verbs: ache, arrive, come, faint, go, sit down, sleep, snow, sneeze…

2 SUBJECT +VERB (transitive) + OBJECT

Transitive verbs are verbs that always have an object after those verbs For example:

• Arsenal beat Liverpool (We do not say: Arsenal beat.)

• Joe kicked the ball.

• Susan carried the desk into her office today.

Some other transitive verbs: beat, contain, enjoy, hit, need, write…

*Notes: Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive : begin, drop, hurt, open, ring,

win

• Arsenal won the match / Arsenal won

Exercise: Put an object (a pronoun or a noun) after these verbs only when possible.

1 The box contains _

2 The train has arrived _

3 The phone rang _

4 Someone is ringing _

5 You need _

6 We sat down _

7 Don’t hit _.

8 Did you beat _

9 Who opened _

10 The door opened _

11 This is a game not one can win _

12 The concert began _ at 7.30

13 I began _

14 It’s snowing _

15 Quick ! She’s fainted _

16 Did you enjoy _

17 My head aches _

18 My foot hurts _

3 SUBJECT + VERB (linking verb) + subject COMPLEMENT

• He is ill / She seemed tired.

• Your forehead feels hot.

• Asian is the King of Narma.

Alice is like her father.

The meeting is here The meeting is at 2.30

This book is mine.

Frank is a clever architect.

Frank is an architect.

Frank is clever.

*Note: Subject Complement could be “Adj”, “Noun”, “Adj + Noun”, “Pronoun”, “Adv of place/ time”,

“Adverbial phrase”

Some linking verbs: be, become, feel, touch, taste, smell, seem, appear, look, sound

Exercise: Complete these sentences using a different complement for each sentence.

1 My neighbour is very _

2 My neighbour is _

3 This apple tastes _

4 The children are _

5 The meeting is _

6 Whose is this ? It’s _

7 John looks _

8 That music seems _

9 Your mother seems _

10 I want to be _ when I leave school

(4) SUBJECT + VERB + INDIRECT OBJECT + DIRECT OBJECT

• Show me that photo

• My friend bought me a very strange gift

• Jennifer brings me joy

• Please order me a meal

Some verbs require both direct object and indirect object: show, give, write, bring, order, find, buy, pass,

do, order, …

Exercise: Write suitable polite requests using “it”, “them”, or “one”

1 Where are my shoes ? (find) Please _

2 John needs a new coat (buy) Please _

3 I can’t reach that cup (pass) Please _

4 Ann wants to see our flat (show) Please _

5 I can’t do the shopping (do) Please

6 I’d like a copy of that book (order) Please

(5) SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + object COMPLEMENT

• The class elected Amy president.

• I left the door open.

• His sister called him a genius.

• His sister called him brilliant.

• They made me secretary.

• Vacationers found the year-round residents antagonistic.

Verbs + obj Complement: elect, make, call, leave, consider, ……….

Exercise: Translate into English the following sentences:

1 Voi làm cho lũ trẻ vui

2 Lời tâng bốc của cô ấy làm anh ấy bối rối

3 những cư dân địa phương gọi những người du lịch là kẻ xâm phạm

4 Hầu hết các nước làm cho quốc kỳ của họ mang tính thẩm mỹ và tính tượng trưng

5 Các chuyên gia xem chính sách về môi trường của tổng thống là một thảm họa

Phrases and Clauses

Decide whether they are phrases or clauses Write (P) for a phrase and (C) for a clause Explain the difference between phrase and clause

1 leaving behind the dog

2 because she smiled at him

3 smashing into a fence

4 before the first test

5 when the saints go marching in

6 after the devastation

7 between ignorance and intelligence

8 because of her glittering smile

9 since she laughs at different men

10 broken into thousands of pieces

11 I despise individuals of low character

How many kinds of clauses are there? 2 kinds: Independent clause, and Dependent clause

Independent clause:

- Subj + Verb + (C)

- A complete thought, can stand alone

e.g.:

Students normally spend 4 years in college

I will declare my major now, but I may change it

later

Dependence clause

- Subordinator + Subj + Verb + (C)

- Incomplete thought, can not stand alone

- Subordinator: when, while, if, that, who… e.g.:

….although students normally spend 4 years in college…

…when they come to the US…

Exercise/ p155

Clause connectors: 3 groups

P 156 Conjunctive adverbs

1 When we receive your instructions we shall act _

2 She's an expert in her field, and is paid _ (in a suitable situation)

3 I spent most of my money in the first week and had very little to eat by the end of

the holiday (as a result)

4 We suspect they are hiding something, _the need for an independent inquiry (thus; therefore)

5 I’m willing, _eager, to speak on your behalf

6 The news, I learned, was grim _ (additional emphasis)

7 There is a little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. , it is important that we try

9 I'd better write it down; _, I'll forget it

Phone home; , your parents will start to worry (if not)

8 The book is too long but, _, informative and entertaining

10 On the one hand they’d love to have kids, but, they don’t want to give up their freedom

11 The company lost $7 million this quarter a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier

Types of sentences: 4 types of sentences

1 Simple sentences:1 independent clause

E.g.:

I enjoy playing tennis with my friends every weekend

I enjoy playing tennis and look forward to it every weekend

My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend

Structure of simple sentences:

S+ V

S+ V1 + V2

S1 + S2 + V1 + V2

Exercise 1: Write creative simple sentence.

Look at me! I ………

Little toy: “You………”

Baby Jane: “You………”

The father: “He………”

The boat: “It………”

My dog and I:

Sally and her puppy:

They………

Exercise 2: Work with a partner and Answer the questions in a complete sentence.

1 What is your favorite sport? Why do you like this sport? Where do you play it?

2 Who is the most famous person in your country? Why is he famous? Do you admire him? Why or why not?

3 What is the title of your favorite book? What is the book about?

4 Who is the strangest person you know? Why do you consider this person strange?

5 Who is your best friend? Where does s/he live? Work

Exercise 3: Rearrange the words to have a complete simple sentence.

1 door/ car/ opened/ He/ the/

2 married/ a/ She/ engineer/ young

3 Olympics/she/ the/ at/ Did/win/?

4 sleep/ night/ at/ usually/ do/ cats/ not/

5 on/ to/ lab/ computer/ afternoon/ seldom/goes/ the/ she/ Tuesday/

6 reporter/ running/ to/ the/ car/ the/ is/

Each student Write 3 true statements about themselves

Exercise 4: Make questions for the sentences

1 I work in a post office

2 Greg works in a bank

3 They live in Washington

4 I eat breakfast at 8:00 a.m

5 She goes to work at 9:00 a.m

6 Eddy plays basketball every Friday

7 Penny starts class at 10:00

8 I don't drink beer

Are you a letter carrier?

– No, I’m a postal clerk

2 Compound sentences:A sentence made up of 2 independence clauses

e.g:

I enjoy playing tennis, but I hate playing golf

I enjoy playing tennis; however, I hate playing golf

I enjoy playing tennis; I hate playing golf

- 3 ways to join clauses: coordinator; conjunctive verbs, & semicolon (;)

+ Coordinator: FANBOYS (For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

+ Conjunctive adverbs: besides, furthermore, moreover, also, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, otherwise,

accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thus

Exercise : Work in pairs Combine the sentences into ONE compound sentence.

1 The President’s recommendation called for a tax increase Very few senators will vote for it

2 The handwriting was almost illegible The spelling was very poor throughout the paper

3 Most house plants prefer lots of sun They prefer plenty of water Other house plants like shade

4 Pollution is ruining our water Soon we may have to ration the supply Soon we may have to invent new filtering methods

5 September has its own unique character It is both a beginning and an end

Exercise 1: Is it a good sentence? Y/ N If it is not a good sentence, correct them.

1 If you need help, just ask

2 The children swam in the lake and the water was icy cold

3 I bought some more shampoo or I just used it all

4 I made myself a snack because I was hungry

5 We tried to get tickets but they had sold out

6 We can stay at home and go out, I don’t mind.1 I’ll go home after I’ve seen the film

2 If you are quick, you’ll catch the bus

3 I will go ice-skating or you come with me

4 He bought two tickets, although they were expensive

5 The car hit the kerb as it was going around the corner

6 I arrived late or I missed the bus

7 She went to bed after she had watched the news

8 I went for a walk because I needed some exercises

9 My pen ran out although I used it all the time

Exercise 2: Complete the compound sentences

1 I’ll phone you at 6 o’clock when…

2 Tom sings very well although…

3 He wears classes all the time because…

4 If she phones…

5 It’s a lovely day and…

6 He is going to college…

7 He might go swimming so…

8 This new house is big but…

9 Don’t go out until…

10 He studies hard …

3 Complex sentences:One ‘main’ clause + 1(more) ‘subordinate’ clauses

The alarm was raised The fire was discovered

The alarm was raised as soon as/ when/ after the fire was discovered

-Many different conjunctions (joining words): After, as soon as, when, since, that, if, so that, whether, etc.

- 3 kinds of dependent clauses: Noun, Adjective and Adverb clauses (P 162)

A Noun Clause

Exercise 1: Underline main clause in each sentence

1 You can tell me all about the film after I’ve seen it myself

2 When you’re finished cleaning the car, you can help me with the dishes

3 You don’t tell me that you were going to invite so many guests

4 I walk to work every morning so that I can get some exercises

5 Since no one answered my call, I left a message on the answer-phone

Exercise 2: Complete noun clauses

1 He feels angry It’s not surprising…

1 It’s not surprising that he feels angry

2 She has resigned from her job It’s a shame…

3 You don’t trust me It’s annoying…

4 You are feeling better I’m glad…

5 She’s upset I’m sorry…

6 He didn’t get the contract He told me…

It’s obvious that …

It’s a shame that….

I know that…./ He told me that… /She agrees that….

B Adjective clauses:

Exercise: Combine the two sentences, using “Who” or “which”

1 He’s an accountant He does my account

1 He’s an accountant who does my account

2 They’re postcards They arrived yesterday

3 They’re secretaries They work in our office

4 That’s the magazines It arrived this morning

5 They’re workmen They repaired our roof

C Adverbial clauses

Exercise 1: Join sentences, using the given words in the brackets

1 I lost a lot of weight I was ill (when)

2 I phoned home I arrived in the airport building (immediate after)

3 She had already opened the letter She realized it wasn’t addressed to her (before)

4 The building was almost burnt down The fire brigade arrived (by the time)

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences below

1 This is the exact pot where the accident happened

2 You’re not allowed to park where ………

3 Some television programmes are familiar everywhere ………

4 Please sit wherever…

5 Let’s put the television set in a place where…

Exercise/ p162

Exercise 3: Write 3 complex sentences about yourself, your work, your family, your school

- 2 sentences are True, 1 sentence is false.

- In pair, guess what sentence is false Make complex sentences

Exercise 4: Combine the sentences into ONE sentence Don't repeat words Change words if necessary Add words to connect ideas

Tom is a boy He is eight years old He goes to school in Philadelphia

-> Tom is an eight-year old boy who goes to school in Philadelphia

1 His name is Peter He's a famous professional athlete He's a baseball player

2 He has a large house in Miami The house is beautiful

3 He often travels around the US He plays away games in different cities in the US He travels by airplane

4 He usually sleeps on the plane He stays up late after games

5 He is an excellent pitcher Fans love his abilities Coaches love his abilities

6 Every week he plays a home game The game is played in Glover Stadium The game is usually sold out

7 Glover Stadium is old Glover Stadium doesn't have enough seats for all the fans

8 The fans wait in line to buy tickets The fans often pay more than $60 dollars for a ticket

9 The fans are unhappy about the ticket prices The fans love Peter

Transitions: choose ONE suitable transition

1 I have invited him , I have invited his sister (Also, And)

2 He walked up to the door knocked (and, likewise)

3 The bus fare is expensive; , I prefer to walk (so, therefore)

4 She is well-educated , she has very good manners (And, Besides)

5 I would rather travel by train, _ the bus leaves earlier (but, however)

6 We were born in this village; , we know everyone here (hence, so that)

7 Put less wood on the fire, _ it will be too smoky (or, otherwise)

8 They got off the train they began to search for a hotel (And, Then)

9 She studied for many months; , she knew the material thoroughly (consequently, so that)

10 The weather was hot; , the air was humid (and, moreover)

Session 2: Paragraphs (1 period)

- A paragraph is a group of related sentences that support one main idea (5-10 sentences, depending on your topic)

- 3 Parts of a paragraph

1 Topic sentence:Shows topic + writer’s attitude

2 Supporting sentences: Explain/ describe/ develop main idea in topic sent.

3 Conclusion: summarizes/ comments on main idea

Topic + controlling idea

Or Controlling idea + topic

Exercise 1: Underline topic and circle controlling idea in each topic sentence

1 Violence in Turkey society has several causes

2 There are several causes in Turkey society

3 A good architect is both an artist and a mathematician

4 Artistic talent and mathematic ability are two qualities of a good architect

5 My sister is my best friend

6 Snowboarding is my favourite winter sport

7 The last CD I bought changed my life

8 There were three reasons why my cell phone is useful

9 Reading novels, such as Harry Potter stories, can help students improve their English

Topic sentence should be:

• Short

• Simple

• Clear

• Give strong ideas

• Topic + controlling idea

Strong topic sentences

• 1 clear topic

• An opinion/ idea

Weak topic sentences

• Too broad/ too narrow

• More than 1 idea

Exercise 2: Improve the topic sentence below

1 I have a photo of my girlfriend

2 I have a new jacket

3 The Internet is good