600 từ vựng TOEIC hữu ích

Word Family:Assure /əˈʃʊər/: v., assure somebody that… - to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it;as

600 Essential Words For The TOEIC Test

Lessons 1-5: General Business

to the Gandi Hosting service

Ex: All students must strictly abide by the following rules and regulations

Ex: Parliamentary elections’ procedures fail to abide by deadlines, causing delays

Explicitly /ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli:/: adj., clearly or directly, so that the meaning is easy tounderstand

Declare /dɪˈkleər/: v., to say something officially or publicly

Parliamentary /ˌpɑːrləˈmentri:/: adj., connected with a parliament; having aparliament /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

Procedure /prəˈsiːdʒər/: n., the official or formal order or way of doing something,especially in business, law or politics – thủ tục

2 Agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ = n., An arrangement, a promise or a contract made withsomebody; a mutual arrangement /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/

Reach an agreement (with somebody)/ Reach an accord (with somebody)

Ex: We will try one more time to reach an agreement with you

Ex: This action would not be in accord with our policy /əˈkɔːrd/

Ex: We ensure that our goods accord with modern standards

Ex: The two sides were no closer to a final agreement than they were at noon

/ˈkloʊzər/ - One that closes

Ex: All the terms of the agreement must be clear so that the meaning and intent won't

be misinterpreted by either party

Misinterpreted /ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/: adj., misinterpret something (as something/doing something) - to understand something/somebody wrongly.

Interpret /ɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/: v., interpret something - to explain the meaning of something.Ex: When a company signs an agreement the following should be shown

Word Family:

Agree /əˈɡriː/: v., agree to (do) something - something to happen

Ex: If both parties agree to the terms, we can finalize the contract

Finalize something - to complete the last part of a plan, trip, project, etc

Agreeable /əˈɡriːəbəl/: adj., agreeable (to something) - willing to do something orallow something

Ex: The parties are agreeable to the terms

3 Assurance /əˈʃʊərəns/ = n., - a statement that something will certainly be true orwill certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it; guarantee;promise; confidence - /ˌɡærənˈtiː/

Ex: Some organisations can provide an Assurance of Support.

Ex: Even if you receive assurance that answers are confidential, you should know

who controls this information

Confidential /ˌkɑːnfəˈdenʃəl/: adj., meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared

with other people /ment/

Ex: In this context, firms may ask for an assurance service in order to give greater

credibility to the filings

Ex: Contracts often include the amount that a client will pay contractor and whatservices will be provided For example, in your office, you may have a contract that

provides assurance that your copier machine or phone will be repaired within certainamount of time /kənˈtræktər/

Ex: Always Engineering fits/has guaranteed that not one of its employees will losehis or her job as a result of the merger - Những sự điều chỉnh công nghệ luôn đảm bảorằng không nhân viên nào sẽ mất việc do việc liên doanh liên kết – No + N; None of, Not

Word Family:

Assure /əˈʃʊər/: v., assure somebody (that)… - to tell somebody that something is

definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it;assure yourself of something - (formal) to make yourself certain about something

Ex: She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.

Ex: Our union representative assured members that our rights would be defended.Ex: He assured himself of her safety

Ex: We were assured that everything possible was being done

Ex: When you have a lease written by a lawyer, you are assured that you have theprotection you need

Assured /əˈʃʊərd/: adj., (also self-assured) confident in yourself and your abilities;certain to happen – guaranteed; assured of something - (of a person) certain to getsomething (BrE also: /əˈʃɔːd/) /ˌɡærənˈtiː/

Ex: He spoke in a calm, assured voice

Ex: Success seemed assured

Ex: You are assured of a warm welcome at this hotel

Ex: You’ll be assured of the best care possible

Ex: You can guarantee (that) the children will start being naughty as soon as theyhave to go to bed

Ex: I can absolutely guarantee that you will enjoy the show

Ex: When you have a lease written by a lawyer, you are assured that you have theprotection you need

Ex: You can rest assured that your children are in good hands

Be guaranteed to do something: v., to be certain to have a particular result

Ex: If we try to keep it a secret, she's guaranteed to find out

Ex: That kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry

Assuredly /əˈʃʊərədli:/: adv., certainly; definitely.

Ex: He spoke assuredly, but his follow-up memo showed less conviction

Follow-up /ˈfɑːloʊ ʌp/: n., an action or a thing that continues something that hasalready started or comes after something similar that was done earlier

4 Cancellation /ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən/ = n., a decision to stop something that has alreadybeen arranged from happening; a statement that something will not happen;annulment /əˈnʌlmənt/

Ex: As a way of reducing the number of last minute cancellations, the campcommittee may require the payment of a guarantee fee to ensure commitment to theYouth Camp and Exchange Program

Ex: We recognize that certain factors may cause changes or cancellations

Ex: They speak with the company and its customer at a very early stage, enablingthem to avoid sudden cancellations of cover

Word Family:

Cancel /ˈkænsəl/: v., cancel something - to decide that something that has beenarranged will not now take place Compare: postpone NamE: /poʊˈspoʊn/, BrE: /pə ˈspəʊn/

Ex: The man canceled his magazine subscription and got his money back

Canceled /ˈkænsəld/: adj.,

Ex: The canceled concert ended up costing our agency millions.

5 Determine /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/ = v., to find out; to influence; to establish

Ex: Try to determine beforehand which of these you will be expected to attend andwhat your role will be so you have time to prepare

Ex: Without proof of purchase, the date of manufacture will be used to determine age.Ex: Why is it difficult to determine the cash flow of a financial asset?

Ex: A contract often states ways to determine if quality of work delivered isacceptable

Ex: The skill of the union bargainers will determine whether the automotive plant will open next week /ˌɔːtəˈmoʊtɪv/ - [usually before noun] connected with vehiclesthat are driven by engines Tự động

Word Family:

Determination /dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/: n., the quality that makes you continue trying to dosomething even when this is difficult

Ex: He fought the illness with courage and determination

Determinate /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnət/: adj., fixed and definite

Ex: A sentence with a determinate meaning

6 Engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ = v., to become involved in, to participate

Ex: Before engaging in a new business, it is important to do thorough research

Ex: He is currently engaged as a consultant

Ex: We will have to engage the services of a translator

Word Family:

Engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/: n., arrangement to do something; an arrangement to

employ somebody; the process of employing somebody; before marriage /ˈmærɪdʒ/

Ex: I had to refuse because of a prior engagement

Ex: The terms of engagement are to be agreed in writing

7 Establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ = v., to start or create an organization, a system; to institutepermanently; to bring about

Ex: The merger of the two company established a powerful new corporation

Ex: An error occurred during an attempt to establish a connection to the external datasource

Ex: Contracts are an integral part of the workplace The purpose of a contract is to

establish an agreement between two or more parties

Ex: His position in the organization is now firmly established.

Integral /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/, /ɪnˈteɡrəl/: adj., integral to something - being an essential part ofsomething; [usually before noun] included as part of something, rather than suppliedseparately; having all the parts that are necessary for something to be complete

Ex: Music is an integral part of the school's curriculum

Ex: Practical experience is integral to the course

Ex: All models have an integral CD player

Ex: An integral system

Curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/ : n., (pl curricula /kəˈrɪkjələ/, curriculums) the subjectsthat are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc

Ex: (BrE) Spanish is on the curriculum

Ex: (NAmE) Spanish is in the curriculum

Word Family:

Establishment /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/: n., an organization, a large institution or a hotel.Ex: A research establishment.

Ex: The hotel is a comfortable and well-run establishment

Well-run : n., managed smoothly and well

8 Obligate /ˈɑːblɪɡeɪt/ = v., to bind legally or morally /baɪnd/, /ˈmɔːrəli:/.

Ex: Nevertheless, it is intended that the person obligated to retain certain transmittalinformation cannot escape meeting that obligation simply because, for example, thecommunications system operated by that other person does not retain the requiredinformation

Transmittal /trænsˈmɪtəl/ - n., The act or process of transmitting; a transmission; theact of causing something to go (especially messages)

Nevertheless /ˌnevərðəˈles/: adv., despite something that you have just mentioned;nonetheless; despite this fact /ˌnʌnðəˈles/

Ex: There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law Nevertheless, it isimportant that we try

Ex: The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.

Ex: I felt obligated to finish the project even though I could have exercised my option

to quit

Word Family:

Obligatory (for somebody) (to do something): adj., (formal) that you must do because

of the law, rules, etc.; compulsory; mandatory /əˈblɪɡətɔːri:/, /kəmˈpʌlsəri:/, /ˈmændətɔːri:/ (BrE: /mænˈdeɪtəri:/, /ˈmændətəri:/).

Ex: It is obligatory for all employees to wear protective clothing

Ex: It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets

Ex: It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus

Obligation (to do something) : n., something which you must do because you havepromised, because of a law, etc.; commitment /ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃən/

Ex: To fulfill your legal/professional/financial obligations

Ex: We have a moral obligation to protect the environment

9 Party /ˈpɑːrti:/ = n., one of the people or groups of people involved in a legalagreement

Ex: The parties agreed to settlement in their contract dispute

Ex: A celebration/birthday/dinner/garden, etc party

Ex: The head of the department using the banquet room for a party should submit arequired form to the Catering Department - Lãnh đạo phòng ban người mà sử dụngphòng tiệc thì nên nộp form được yêu cầu đến Bộ phận phục vụ

Ex: The party that prepares the contract has a distinct advantage /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ - used

to emphasize that you think an idea or situation definitely exists and is important –definite

Ex: That guy Jake—he really knows how to party!

10 Provision /prəˈvɪʒən/ = n., a condition or an arrangement in a legal document.Ex: The father made provision for his children through his will - Người cha đã truyềnlại di chúc cho những đứa con của mình

Ex: Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs

Ex: Provisions included in a managed care contract with a provider include: timelimits for submitting claims, what is expected of the provider, & provider and insurer.Ex: The provision of childcare facilities - Sự cung cấp lương thực cho cơ sở vật chấtchăm sóc trẻ em

Ex: Provision for people with disabilities This guide is aimed at helping you to make

your church more welcoming and accessible to people with disabilities

Ex: The provisions for terminating the contract were not discussed /ˈtɜːrmɪneɪt/ - toend; to make something end

Word Family:

Provide /prəˈvaɪd/ : v., to give something to somebody or make it available for them touse; supply

Ex: The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care

Ex: He didn’t provide for them in his will (= did not leave them any money)

11 Resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ - /rɪˈzɔːlv/ = v., to find an acceptable solution to a problem; todeclare; to settle

Ex: To resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis.

Ex: The mediator was able to resolve the problem to everyone's satisfaction

Ex: The businessman resolved to clean out all the files by the end of the week

Ex: A contract often states ways to determine if quality of work delivered isacceptable Well-written contracts usually provide ways to resolve problems likethese when they happen

Mediator /ˈmiːdieɪtər/: n., a person or an organization that tries to get agreement

Word Family:

Resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ - /rɪˈzɔːlv/ : n., strong determination to achieve something;resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/

Ex: The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve /ˈstreŋθən/ən/

Merely /ˈmɪərli:/ : adv., used meaning ‘only’ or ‘simply’ to emphasize a fact orsomething that you are saying

Ex: It is not merely a job, but a way of life

12 Specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ = adj., detailed and exact; particular

Ex: The customer's specific complaint was not addressed in his e-mail - Khiếu nại cụthể của khách hàng đã không được giải quyết trong thư điện tử gửi anh ấy

Ex: In a contract, one specific word can change the meaning dramatically

Dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli:/: adv., very suddenly and to a very great and oftensurprising degree

Ex: They demand in particular a specific directive on healthcare services and socialservices of general interest

Ex: What are some of the specific directions that companies are adopting in terms of strategic quality management?

The main difference between directions or directive is the fact that a directive ismainly an order, usually issued by an authority A directive may establish policy,assign responsibilities, define objectives and delegate authority to those working inand with the authoritative figure Directions, on the other hand, are in the form ofguidelines They are mainly utilized while guiding somebody into a particulardirection Directions are mainly associated with driving directions, which aim to getsomebody from point A to point B /əˈθən/ɔːrəteɪtɪv/, /əˈθən/ɑːrəteɪtɪv/

Delegate /ˈdelɪɡət/: n., a person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of agroup of people and vote and make decisions for them

Word Family:

Specification /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/: n., a detailed description of how something is, orshould be, designed or made

Ex: The work was done according to our specification of the contract.

The office was furnished to a high specification

Ex: The manager has drafted job specifications for each of the positions

Specify /ˈspesɪfaɪ/: v., to state something, especially by giving an exact measurement,time, exact instructions, etc

Ex: Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes

Ex: The contract specifies an annual salary raise

The contract clearly specifies who can operate the machinery /məˈʃiːnəri/

Ex: The regulations specify that calculators may not be used in the examination.Ex: The contract calls for the union to specify who their bargaining representativewill be /ˈbɑːrɡənɪŋ/ - discussion of prices, conditions, etc with the aim of reaching

an agreement that is acceptable – negotiation

Lesson 2: Marketing

1 Attract /əˈtrækt/ = v., to draw by appeal

Ex: She tried to attract the attention of the waiter

Ex: The exhibition has attracted thousands of visitors

Ex: That was what first attracted me to the place

Word Family:

Attraction /əˈtrækʃən/: n., an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do.Ex: Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction

Ex: She is the star attraction of the show

Attractive /əˈtræktɪv/: adj., having features or qualities that make something seeminteresting and worth having; appealing

Ex: An attractive offer/proposition

Ex: They are able to offer attractive career opportunities to graduates

Proposition /ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃən/: n., an idea or a plan of action that is suggested, especially

in business

Ex: I'd like to put a business proposition to you

2 Compare /kəmˈpeər/ = v., to examine people or things to see how they are similarand how they are different

Ex: Standards in health care have improved enormously compared to 40 years ago.Ex: We carefully compared the first report with the second

Ex: Smart shoppers will compare similar brands of an item before making adecision

Ex: The education system bears/stands no comparison with (= is not as good as) that

in many Asian countries

Comparable /ˈkɑːmpərəbəl/: adj., similar to somebody/something else and able to becompared

Ex: The situation in the US is not directly comparable to that in the UK

Ex: Inflation is now at a rate comparable with that in other European countries

3 Competition /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/ = n., a situation in which people or organizationscompete with each other for something that not everyone can have; a contest orstruggle

Ex: The Company faces intense competition in its markets, which could lead toreduced profitability

Intense /ɪnˈtens/: adj., serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period oftime; extreme

Ex: There is now intense competition between schools to attract students

Ex: We are in competition with four other companies for the contract

Word Family:

Compete /kəmˈpiːt/: v., to try to be more successful or better than somebody else who

is trying to do the same as you

Ex: There are too many magazines competing to attract readers

Ex: Several companies are competing for the contract

Ex: Their products compete directly with ours

Competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/: adj., as good as or better than others

Ex: Graduates have to fight for jobs in a highly competitive market

Ex: We need to work harder to remain competitive with other companies

4 Consume /kənˈsuːm/ = v., to use something, especially fuel, energy or time; toabsorb; to use up /əbˈzɔːrb/, /əbˈsɔːrb/.

Ex: A half-consumed loaf of bread.

Ex: The hotel was quickly consumed by fire - (of fire) to completely destroysomething

Word Family:

Consumable /kənˈsuːməbəl/: adj., goods that are intended to be used fairly quicklyand then replaced

Ex: Computer consumables such as CD-Rs and printer cartridges

Ex: Consumable electronic goods

Consumer /kənˈsuːmər/: n., a person who buys goods or uses services

Ex: Consumer demand/choice/rights.

5 Convince /kənˈvɪns/ = v., to make somebody/yourself believe that something istrue

Ex: I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor

Ex: You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job /ɪnˈθuːzi:æzəm/θuːzi:æzəm/uːzi:æzəm/

Ex: How do you convince customers to sign a buyer agreement?

Ex: Before a business can convince customers that it provides a quality product itmust convince it's marketing staff

6 Currently /ˈkɜːrəntli:/ = adv., happening at the present time; now

- BrE: / ˈkʌrəntli:/

Ex: Currently, over 500 students are enrolled on the course

Ex: All the products are currently available

Ex: He is currently working on his project

Ex: The hourly charge is currently 100$.

Word Family:

Current /ˈkɜːrənt/: adj., [only before noun] happening now; of the present time; beingused by or accepted by most people

Ex: What’s the budget for the current year?

Ex: Words that are no longer current.

Ex: In order to be satisfied, current customers must be happy with the product theyreceive

Current /ˈkɜːrənt/: n., the movement of water in the sea or a river; the movement ofair in a particular direction; the flow of electricity through a wire, etc

Ex: Check all your wiring before switching on the current

Ex: The boat was carried along in the current

7 Fad /fæd/ = n., something that people are interested in for only a short period oftime; craze (for something) /kreɪz/

Ex: The craze for fashionable sports clothing

Ex: The mini dress was a fad once thought to be finished, but now it is making acomeback - Váy ngắn là mốt tạm thời mỗi khi ý tưởng bị hết, nhưng hiện giờ nó đangquay trở lại

Ex: The fad for undercut hair styles - Những mốc nhất thời cho kiểu tóc cạo ở haibên và phía sau trong khi tóc mái phía trước và phần trên của đầu vẫn để dài

Ex: What is the latest/current fad among the American youth?

Ex: He hopes that Internet plant buyers are here to stay and not just part of a fad.Ex: The fad for cosmetic surgery /kɑːzˈmetɪk/

Word Family:

Faddy /ˈfædi:/: adj., liking some things and not others, especially food, in a way thatother people think is unreasonable; faddish /ˈfædɪʃ/

Ex: He’s always been faddy about his food

Ex: Faddish diets are unlikely to work in the long term

Faddiness /ˈfædi:nəs/: n., the quality of liking some things and not others, especiallyfood, in a way that other people think is unreasonable

Ex: Provide me with your inspiration

Ex: Yassir’s job is to provide his customers with the inspiration to keep bringing him their business

Ex: Because you teach: you are an inspiration to your students, colleagues and othersaround you throughout your life, even if you don't realize it

Ex: Where can we look for inspiration in problem solving and design?

Arouse something - to make somebody have a particular feeling or attitude /əˈraʊz/

Ex: To arouse somebody’s interest/curiosity/anger

Curiosity (about something) | curiosity (to do something) - a strong desire to knowabout something /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/

Ex: Children show curiosity about everything

Ex: Sophie's curiosity was aroused by the mysterious phone call /mɪˈstɪəriəs/

Word Family:

Inspire /ɪnˈspaɪər/: v., to give somebody the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to dosomething well

Ex: The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm

Ex: As a general, he inspired great loyalty in his troops /truːp/ /ˈlɔɪəlti/

Inspirational /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl/: adj., providing inspiration

Ex: An inspirational leader

9 Market /ˈmɑːrkɪt/ = v., to advertise and offer a product for sale; promote

/ˈædvərtaɪz/

Ex: Now, all those problems have already affected the reputation and develop of thefreshwater pearl in the oversea market.

Ex: Until these issues are resolved, the market trend should remain higher

Ex: The market for brightly colored clothing was brisk last year, but it's movingsluggishly this year

Sluggishly /ˈslʌɡɪʃli:/: adv., more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy.Ex: It also points out that it is normal in a competitive market for a company to beundercut by a competitor /kəmˈpetətɪv/ /kəmˈpetɪtər/

Undercut somebody/something - to sell goods or services at a lower price than yourcompetitors /ˌʌndərˈkʌt/

Word Family:

Marketing /ˈmɑːrkɪtɪŋ/: n., the activity of presenting, advertising and selling acompany’s products or services in the best possible way

Ex: She works in sales and marketing

Ex: Persuasion is one of the most valuable skills in marketing

Marketable /ˈmɑːrkɪtəbəl/: adj., easy to sell; attractive to customers or employersEx: Marketable products/skills/qualifications

10.Persuasion /pərˈsweɪʒən/ = n., the power to influence, a deep conviction or belief.Ex: After a little gentle persuasion, he agreed to come

Ex: She has great powers of persuasion

Ex: It took a lot of persuasion to convince the committee of the advantages of thenew scheme - Điều này mất rất nhiều nỗ lực để thuyết phục

Ex: I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition

Ex: We will let their great taste persuade you to keep coming back for more

Let somebody/something do something: v., used for making requests or giving

Ex: Let me have your report by Friday.

11 Productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ = adj., making goods or growing crops; constructive; highyield; fruitful (doing or achieving a lot) /krɑːp/

Ex: The research has proved extremely fruitful /ˈfruːtfəl/

Ex: It was a highly productive meeting

Ex: To keep up the confidence and spend time in a productive way, these home basedjobs are absolutely suitable

Ex: Productive partnership agreements go farther in that they serve as a guide forconducting business in addition to creating a legal business structure

Word Family:

Productivity /ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti:/: n., the rate at which a worker, a company or a countryproduces goods, and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work andmoney is needed to produce them

Ex: High/improved/increased productivity

Ex: Wage rates depend on levels of productivity

12 Satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/ = n., happiness; the good feeling that you have whenyou have achieved something

Ex: He had the satisfaction of seeing his book become a bestseller

Ex: Although the team lost, their performance gave cause for satisfaction.

Ex: The progress achieved in the establishment of a Longer Term Trade FinancingScheme has given all of us an immense/great/huge source of satisfaction

Immense /ɪˈmens/: adj., extremely large or great; enormous /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

Satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/: v., to make somebody pleased by doing or giving them what theywant.

Ex: Nothing satisfies him—he's always complaining

Ex: The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone

Satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/: adj., satisfied with somebody/something - pleased because youhave achieved something or because something that you wanted to happen hashappened; satisfied (that…) | satisfied (with something) - believing or accepting thatsomething is true – convinced

Ex: I felt well satisfied with my day’s work

Ex: She's never satisfied with what she's got

Ex: I'm satisfied that they are telling the truth

Ex: Get in touch with us at 555-0964 to make arrangements for your event We knowyou’ll be satisfied with our services

Opposite: Dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd/, dɪˈsætɪsfaɪd/: adj., dissatisfied with somebody/ something - not happy or satisfied with somebody/something

Ex: He has to deal with complaints from dissatisfied guests

Ex: If you are dissatisfied with our service, please write to the manager

Compare: Unsatisfied /ʌnˈsætɪsfaɪd/: adj., (of a need, demand, etc.) not dealt with;(of a person) not having got what you hoped; not having had enough of something.Ex: The novel had interested him, but left him unsatisfied

Lesson 3: Warranties

1 Characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ = adj., characteristic (of something/somebody) very typical of something or of somebody’s character; revealing of individualtraits; n., an individual trait

-Ex: She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm

Ex: It is characteristic of many companies to offer an extended warranty for a fee.Ex: Identifying Your Skills, Knowledge, and Personal Characteristics

Ex: In seeking to provide a common framework, the Commission fully recognizesthat each debate has its own local, regional and national characteristics.

Ex: The timing belt characteristically shows signs of wear after about 180,000 miles

Word Family:

Characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/: v., (BrE also -ise) - to be typical of a person, place orthing

Ex: Activities that are characterized as ‘male’ or ‘female’ work

Ex: A warranty is characterized by length of its terms

Characteristically /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪkli:/: adv., in a way that is very typical of something

Ex: To suffer/face/take the consequences of your actions

Ex: All moral acts are obligatory regardless of consequences – good or bad

Ex: The child was born deformed in consequence of an injury to the mother /dɪ ˈfɔːrmd/.

Ex: How will Isabel and Francis take the consequence of their actions?

Word Family:

Consequent /ˈkɑːnsəkwənt/: adj., happening as a result of something; resultant.

Ex: The lowering of taxes and the consequent increase in spending

Ex: The growing economic crisis and resultant unemployment /rɪˈzʌltənt/

3 Consider /kənˈsɪdər/ = v., to think about something carefully, especially in order

to make a decision

Ex: Jack Kent Cooke Scholars share their insights into what factors to consider when

making a decision about college

Ex: But, the commission acknowledged they cannot seriously consider an impact charge until state legislators act on a pending impact fee bill./ˈɪmpækt/

Ex: If you think it's worth it, but carefully consider the consequence

Ex: The customer considered buying the DVD player until he learned that thewarranty coverage was very limited

Ex: You should consider carefully whether a product will meet your needs

Ex: If you are not 100% satisfied, your money will be returned with no questionsasked Next time (when) you are shopping for cleaning products, consider Star Brand

We know you’ll be happy you did – be satisfied with

Legislator /ˈledʒɪsleɪtər/: n., a member of a group of people that has the power tomake laws

Ex: She is always polite and considerate towards her employees

Consideration /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/: n., the act of thinking carefully about something.Ex: The proposals are currently under consideration (= being discussed)

Ex: After long consideration Heloise decided that the five-year warranty would besufficient – suy nghĩ thấu đáo.

4 Cover /ˈkʌvər/ = v., to include something; to deal with something; to protectsomebody against loss, injury, etc by insurance

Ex: I noticed that her face was a bit round, so I used her hair to partially cover her face to de-emphasize the roundness and give her face a more oval shape

Ex: The payments he gets barely cover his expenses

Ex: It can then mow in a square pattern to cover the area of longer grass moresystematically

De-emphasize /dɪˈemfəsaɪz/: v., (used with object) To decrease the emphasis on;minimize the importance of

Barely /ˈbeəli:/: adv., just; certainly not more than (a particular amount, age, time,etc.)

Ex: He was barely 20 years old and already running his own company

Ex: They arrived barely a minute later

Word Family:

Coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/: n., protection that an insurance company provides bypromising to pay you money if a particular event happens

Ex: Medicaid health coverage for low-income families

Medicaid /ˈmedɪkeɪd/: n., (in the US) the insurance system that provides medical carefor poor people

5 Expiration /ˌekspəˈreɪʃən/ = n., an ending of the period of time when an officialdocument can be used

Ex: Check the expiration date on your passport (= expiry date) /ɪkˈspaɪəri:/

Ex: Typically, the rental agreement states that the landlord must provide writtennotice to the tenant thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of the lease term of thelandlord's intention to take back possession of the rental property (and the tenant willhave to move out at the end of the lease term)

Word Family:

Expire /ɪkˈspaɪər/: v., (of a document, an agreement, etc.) to be no longer validbecause the period of time for which it could be used has ended; run out

Ex: Our contract with the cleaning company will expire next month

Expiry /ɪkˈspaɪəri:/: n., (especially BrE) an ending of the period of time when anofficial document can be used, or when an agreement is valid

Ex: The licence can be renewed on expiry (especially US English license)

6 Frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli:/ = adv., often; occurring commonly; widespread(=existing or happening over a large area or among many people) /ˈwaɪdspred/

Ex: If the first line is in use, your call will go to the school answering machine

We check the machine frequently and will make every effort to return your callpromptly

Ex: Mutual funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and pastperformance may not be repeated

Ex: The major themes of this book they seem to mention frequently and in greatlength are planning your services in chapters five through seven

Word Family:

Frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi:/ n., the fact of something happening often

Ex: The alarming frequency of computer errors

Frequentative /frɪˈkwentətɪv/: adj., (of verbs) expressing an action that is donerepeatedly or a lot

Ex: ‘Chatter’ is originally a frequentative form of ‘chat’

7 Imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ = v., to suggest that something is true or that you feel or thinksomething, without saying so directly; to indicate by inference

Ex: Interest rate subsidies usually imply that there is excess demand for credit

Subsidy /ˈsʌbsədi:/: n., money that is paid by a government or an organization toreduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be keptlow

Ex: Normally hosted services imply that a fixed set of computer resources aremade available

Host something: v., to store a website on a computer connected to the Internet,usually in return for payment /hoʊst/

Ex: I don't imply that you are wrong

Though the two words are used interchangeably, there is an etymologicaldifference: You use usually when you talk of a habit or custom and normally

when there is an underlying rule or order

Ex: I usually do not wake up before 10 AM (Your personal habit)

Ex: The school normally closes at four in the afternoon (The rules of the school)

Inference /ˈɪnfərəns/: n., [uncountable] the act or process of forming an opinion,based on what you already know; [countable] something that you can find outindirectly from what you already know – deduction – suy luận

Ex: If he is guilty then, by inference, so is his wife (= it is logical to think so, fromthe same evidence)

Ex: To draw/make inferences from the data

Ex: The clear inference is that the universe is expanding /ˈjuːnɪvɜːrs/

Ex: There was implicit criticism in his voice /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

Ex: Correct use of the product by the consumer is implicit in the terms of the warranty

8 Promise /ˈprɑːmɪs/ = n., a statement that tells somebody that you will definitely

do or not do something; a pledge; a commitment

Ex: Make/keep/break a promise.

Ex: She kept her promise to visit her aunt regularly

Ex: Which of his novels did Cervantes repeatedly promise to continue, evenshortly before his death?

Ex: The loan was not re-paid as promised and, following an extension, Mr Leestopped paying the interest on the line of credit

Ex: Warranties are the seller's promise to stand behind its product Most majorpurchases like computers or cars come with a warranty, as do smaller purchases,like stereos or other electronic housewares.

Come with something: v., to exist or develop as a result of something; to beprovided together with something; go together; coincide; go with – đi kèm với.Ex: The kind of skill that comes with years of practice

Ex: In those days the house came with the job

Ex: All our computers come with a 3-year guarantee

Coincide /ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd/: v., coincide with something - [intransitive] (formal) (ofideas, opinions, etc.) to be the same or very similar

Ex: The interests of employers and employees do not always coincide

Ex: Her story coincided exactly with her brother's

Pledge /pledʒ/: n., a serious promise – commitment - pledge to do (something) pledge (of something)

-Ex: The new leader demanded a pledge of loyalty from each of his allies; a pledge

of support

Ex: Will the government honour its election pledge not to raise taxes?

Ex: Management has given a pledge that there will be no job losses this year

Commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/: n., commitment (to somebody/something) commitment to do/doing something - [countable, uncountable] a promise to dosomething or to behave in a particular way; a promise to supportsomebody/something; the fact of committing yourself

-Ex: She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at themoment /ɪˈmoʊʃənl/

Ex: The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price hasbeen vital to its success /ˈvaɪtl/ - necessary or essential in order for something tosucceed or exist

Mattress /ˈmætrəs/: n., the soft part of a bed, that you lie on

Ex: A soft/hard mattress

9 Protect /prəˈtekt/ = v., to guard; to make sure that somebody/something is notharmed, injured, damaged, etc.

Ex: It is not possible to completely protect information from access attempts bythird parties

Ex: You can't properly protect property if it isn't documented correctly!

Ex: They carefully protect environment. Our school is close to the Forest Park

Word Family:

Protection /prəˈtekʃən/: n., protection (for/of somebody/something) (against/from something) - the act of protecting somebody/something; the state ofbeing protected

Ex: Wear clothes that provide adequate protection against the wind and rain.Ex: The conservation and protection of the environment /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃən/

Adequate /ˈædɪkwət/: adj., enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for aparticular purpose or need

Protective /prəˈtektɪv/: adj., providing or intended to provide protection

Ex: Workers should wear full protective clothing

Ex: He was extremely protective of his role as advisor /roʊl/

10.Reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃən/ = n., the opinion that people have about whatsomebody/something is like, based on what has happened in the past; repute.Ex: She is a writer of international repute /rɪˈpjuːt/

Ex: She is building a considerable reputation

Ex: The company knew that the reputation of its products was the most importantasset it had /ˈæset/

Ex: Orchestra has built a worldwide reputation for excellence /ˈɔːrkɪstrə/

Ex: The Vernet brothers have built a reputation for being reliable, but they'vealso built a reputation for being brutal when crossed

Brutal /ˈbruːtəl/: adj., violent and cruel; direct and clear about somethingunpleasant; not thinking of people’s feelings

Ex: With brutal honesty she told him she did not love him

Word Family:

Reputable /ˈrepjətəbəl/: adj., that people consider to be honest and to provide agood service; respected

Ex: Buy your car from a reputable dealer

Ex: Because the company had a reputable name, I did not spend sufficient timereading the details of the warranty

Ex: A reputable company will honor the terms set forth in its warranty

Ex: He is reputed to be the best heart surgeon in the country /ˈsɜːrdʒən/

11.Require /rɪˈkwaɪər/ = v., to need something; to depend on somebody/something;

to deem necessary or essential

Ex: The exact value depends on the directive's require property

Ex: No, stepper motors do not require maintenance They are a brushless kind ofmotor, so they do not have brushes that need to be replaced

Ex: I just require a signature on the form

Ex: This warranty requires the manufacturer to repair any defective product or torefund the full purchase price to the purchase, at the manufacturer’s discretion

Deem something + noun/adj | deem something to be something | deem (that)…: v., (formal) (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular opinionabout something – consider

Ex: The evening was deemed a great success

Ex: I deem it an honour to be invited

Ex: She deemed it prudent not to say anything

Ex: They would take any action deemed necessary

Prudent /ˈpruːdnt/: adj., (formal) sensible and careful when you make judgementsand decisions; avoiding unnecessary risks

Ex: A prudent businessman; a prudent decision/investment

Ex: It might be more prudent to get a second opinion before going ahead

Imprudent /ɪmˈpruːdnt/: adj., (formal) not wise or sensible - unwise /ˌʌnˈwaɪz/

Ex: It would be imprudent to invest all your money in one company

Discretion /dɪˈskreʃn/: n., the freedom or power to decide what should be done in

a particular situation; care in what you say or do, in order to keep something secret

or to avoid causing embarrassment to or difficulty for somebody; the quality ofbeing discreet.

Ex: I'll leave it up to you to use your discretion

Ex: How much to tell terminally ill patients is left to the discretion of the doctor.Ex: This is confidential, but I know that I can rely on your discretion

Ex: Jane is the soul of discretion(= you can trust her)

Discreet /dɪˈskriːt/: adj., careful in what you say or do, in order to keep somethingsecret or to avoid causing embarrassment or difficulty for somebody – tactful

/ˈtæktfl/

Ex: You ought to make a few discreet enquiries before you sign anything

Ex: A discreet glance at the clock told me the interview had lasted an hour

Ex: That wasn't a very tactful thing to say!

Ex: I tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth

Word Family:

Requirement /rɪˈkwaɪərmənt/: n., [plural] something that you need or want;something that you must have in order to do something else

Ex: A software package to meet your requirements

Ex: To meet/fulfill/satisfy the requirements

Ex: What is the minimum entrance requirement for this course?

Ex: The terms of the warranty divulge the legal requirement the manufacturer has

to the consumer

Divulge /daɪˈvʌldʒ/: v., divulge something (to somebody) | divulge what, whether, etc… - (formal) to give somebody information that is supposed to besecret – reveal

Ex: Police refused to divulge the identity of the suspect

Ex: She refused to divulge the information

Ex: The plans must not be divulged to anyone

Requisite /ˈrekwɪzɪt/: adj., [only before noun] (formal) necessary for a particularpurpose

Ex: She lacks the requisite experience for the job

The warranty spelled out the requisite steps to take to request a replacementproduct

Spell something out: v., spell out why, what, etc… - to explain something in asimple, clear way; to say or write the letters of a word in the right order

Ex: You know what I mean—I'm sure I don't need to spell it out

Ex: Let me spell out why we need more money

Ex: Could you spell that name out again?

12.Variety /vəˈraɪəti:/ = n., many different; several different sorts of the same thing;the quality of not being the same or not doing the same thing all the time;diversity /daɪˈvɜːrsəti:/

Ex: There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from

Ex: We all need variety in our diet

Ex: They stock over 200 varieties of cheese

Ex: There’s a variety of standard terms that you’ll find in warranties - Có nhiềuđiều khoản tiêu chuẩn mà bạn sẽ thấy ở trong các phiếu bảo hành

Ex: A great/wide/rich diversity of opinion.

Ex: The biological diversity of the rainforests /ˌbaɪəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

Word Family:

Varied /ˈveəri:d/ (BrE also), /ˈværi:d/: adj., of many different types

Ex: a wide and varied selection of cheeses

Vary /ˈveəri:/ (BrE also), /ˈværi:/: v., vary (in something) - (of a group of similarthings) to be different from each other in size, shape, etc

Ex: The students' work varies considerably in quality

Ex: The quality of the students' work varies considerably

Variable /ˈveəri:əbəl/ (BrE also), /ˈværi:əbəl/: adj., often changing; likely tochange; able to be changed; fluctuating /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/

Ex: The acting is of variable quality (= some of it is good and some of it is bad).Ex: The drill has variable speed control

Variability /ˌveəri:əˈbɪləti:/ (BrE also), /ˌværi:əˈbɪləti:/: n., the fact of somethingbeing likely to vary

Ex: A degree of variability in the exchange rate

Ex: The documentary follows the fluctuating fortunes of one marketing company

/ˌdɑːkjuˈmentri:/

Lesson 4: Business Planning

1 Address /ˈædres/, /əˈdres/ = n., a formal speech that you made in front of anaudience

Ex: The article praised her address to the steering committee

Committee /kəˈmɪti:/: n., a group of people who are chosen, usually by a largergroup, to make decisions or to deal with a particular subject

Ex: Is that your home address?

Word Family:

Address /əˈdres/: v., to make a formal speech to a group of people; to deal with

or discuss; to put the directions for delivery on; to direct a speech or writtenstatement t; (formal) to think about a problem or a situation and decide how youare going to deal with it – focus on

Ex: Ex: Marco's business plan addresses the needs of small business owners - Kếhoạch kinh doanh của Marco nhằm vào nhu cầu của những chủ doanh nghiệp nhỏ.Ex: The letter was correctly addressed, but delivered to the wrong house

Ex: To address a meeting

Ex: How to address the audience in a graduation speech

Ex: What do you have to offer that your competitors do not? Is there a niche in the market that your competitors are not addressing?

Ex: The most successful firms had either located a high-demand niche in the

domestic market (food products, basic consumer goods) or a high-return niche inexport markets (cashews, coffee, some seafood and garments) - Các công ty thànhcông nhất nằm trong thị trường có nhu cầu cao trong thị trường trong nước (thựcphẩm, hàng hoá tiêu dùng cơ bản) hoặc ở thị trường có lợi nhuận cao trên thịtrường xuất khẩu (hạt điều, cà phê, một số hải sản và may mặc) /ˈkæʃuː/, / kæ ˈʃuː/

Niche /niːʃ/, /nɪtʃ/: n., (business) an opportunity to sell a particular product to aparticular group of people – chổ thích hợp

Ex: They spotted a niche in the market, with no serious competition

Ex: The development of niche marketing (= aiming products at particular groups)

Addressable /əˈdresəbl/: adj., (of a problem or situation) that can be addressed;(computing) (of a part of a computer system) that is identified using its ownaddress – có thể truy cập

Ex: Let's start with the more easily addressable issues

Ex: Up to fifty alarms and other addressable devices are connected to the firecontrol panel

Ex: Addressable memory

2 Avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ = v., to prevent something bad from happening.

Ex: It is sometimes impossible to avoid conflict altogether

Ex: Thus, you'd better find them out to avoid make a mistake when using

Ex: Nowadays it is difficult to avoid environmental issues. /ˈɪʃuː/ /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

Ex: An effort to avoid getting in trouble

Ex: Every business must develop a business plan The business plan’s primarypurpose is to improve the entrepreneur’s control over the business and to help him

avoid common mistakes

Entrepreneur /ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːr/: n., a person who makes money by starting orrunning businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks - Doanhnhân

Ex: A creative entrepreneur, he was continually dreaming up new projects

Word Family:

Avoidable /əˈvɔɪdəbəl/: adj., that can be prevented

Ex: Many deaths from heart disease are actually avoidable

Avoidance /əˈvɔɪdəns/: n., avoidance (of something) - not doing something;preventing something from existing or happening

Ex: A person's health improves with the avoidance of stress

3 Demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ = v., to show something clearly by giving proof orevidence

Ex: All students demonstrate effectively research and information managementskills

Ex: Demonstrate lessons directly on student computer screens, supervisecomputer use, monitor online activity and lock keyboards, mice and screens duringlessons to focus student attention and improve classroom time on task

/ˈmɑːnɪtər/; /ˌɑːnˈlaɪn/, /ˌɔːnˈlaɪn/

Ex: Demonstrate convincingly how your design meets all requirements

Ex: I don’t want to intrude, but would you like me to demonstrate how to use thatmachine?

Ex: Make certain that have to demonstrate that any damage was not caused bymisuse or mishandling

Convincingly /kənˈvɪnsɪŋli/: adv., in a way that makes somebody believe thatsomething is true

Intrude /ɪnˈtruːd/: v., intrude into/on/upon somebody/something - [intransitive]

to go or be somewhere where you are not wanted or are not supposed to be; todisturb something or have an unpleasant effect on it

Ex: I'm sorry to intrude, but I need to talk to someone

Ex: We need legislation to stop newspapers from intruding on people’s private lives.

Ex: The sound of the telephone intruded into his dreams

Misuse /ˌmɪsˈjuːs/: n., the act of using something in a dishonest way or for thewrong purpose – abuse /əˈbjuːs/

Ex: He was fired for computer misuse

Ex: The misuse of power/authority

Ex: The system of paying cash bonuses is open to abuse (= might be used in thewrong way)

Ex: What she did was an abuse of her position as manager

Word Family:

Demonstrable /dɪˈmɑːnstrəbəl/ (BrE also /ˈdemənstrəbəl/): adj., that can beshown or proved

Ex: There is no demonstrable link between the two events

Demonstration /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃən/: n., an act of showing or explaining howsomething works or is done

Ex: We were given a brief demonstration of the computer's functions

Ex: The business professor gave a demonstration of how to develop a businessplan

Demonstrative /dɪˈmɑːnstrətɪv/: adj., (grammar) used to identify the person orthing that is being referred to; showing feelings openly, especially feelings ofaffection

Ex: ‘This’ and ‘that’ are demonstrative pronouns

Ex: Some people are more demonstrative than others

Ex: The failure of that business is demonstrative of what can happen when there is

no business plan

4 Develop /dɪˈveləp/ = v., to gradually grow or become bigger, more advanced,stronger, etc.; to make something do this

Ex: Schools will find it a helpful aid to increase fluency in reading Latin and

develop aknowledge of English history /ˈlætən/

Ex: We will be working to help our members develop a relationship with the newgovernment /ˈɡʌvərnmənt/

Ex: Because of this, we will develop a situation where we will have peoplewithout jobs, but more importantly, or worse, more significantly, we will havejobs without people

Ex: While you are developing your business plan, it is a good idea to keep aresource library of valuable materials /ˈriːsɔːrs/, /rɪˈsɔːrs/

Ex: When developing a plan for a new business, the entrepreneur quite naturallywants to eliminate all risk While it is impossible to avoid some risk, the goal is tominimize it as much as possible How can we do this? Thorough research andcareful planning are the keys.

Eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/: v., eliminate something/somebody from something - toremove or get rid of something/somebody

Ex: Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash

Ex: The police have eliminated two suspects from their investigation

Ex: All the English teams were eliminated in the early stages of the competition

- knock out /ˈnɑːk aʊt/

Word Family:

Development /dɪˈveləpmənt/: n., the process of producing or creating somethingnew or more advanced; a new or advanced product

Ex: The development of vaccines against tropical diseases /vækˈsiːn/

Ex: A commercial/business/housing development

Ex: The plan is under development and will not be ready for a while

Ex: The plan developers worked hard to make sure they had considered all thepossibilities /dɪˈveləpər/

Developmental /dɪˌveləpˈmentəl/: adj., in a state of developing or beingdeveloped; connected with the development of somebody/something

Ex: The product is still at a developmental stage

Ex: Developmental psychology /saɪˈkɑːlədʒi:/

5 Evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/: v., to form an opinion of amount, value or quality ofsomething

Ex: To properly evaluate the performance of ventilation system, the interactionamong ventilation rate, indoor air-quality, and cooling/heating load should beanalyzed

Ex: Please review these articles and evaluate their usefulness for our plan

Ex: It's important to evaluate your competition when making a business plan Đánh giá sức cạnh tranh của bạn là việc quan trọng khi lập một kế hoạch kinhdoanh

-Ex: The lenders evaluated our creditability and decided to loan us money - Ngườicho vay đánh giá uy tín và quyết định cho chúng ta mượn tiền

"Credibility" derives from "credible." /ˌkredəˈbɪləti/

"Creditability" derives from "creditable." /ˌkredətəˈbɪləti/

(All of these words derive from the same root, the Latin credere meaning "tobelieve." "Credit" derives from the same root An English speaker would notice all

of the similar morphemes in the words "credible," "credit," "creditable," etc.)But what words are used? "Credible" means believable, and thus "creditability"means "believability." /bɪˌliːvəˈbɪləti/

If my understanding is correct, you mean we should say "The credibility of thesurvey is suspect." when we think a survey doesn't deserve being believed Andthe word creditability is already obsolete and will not be used any more

Ventilation /ˌventəˈleɪʃən/: n., the fact of allowing fresh air to enter and movearound a room, building, etc

Ex: Make sure that there is adequate ventilation in the room before using thepaint

Ex: HUD will regularly evaluate the progress of implementation of the strategicplan in each designated Empowerment Zone on the basis of available information

HUD /ˌeɪtʃ juː ˈdiː/: abbreviation., Department of Housing and Urban Development (the US government department in charge of financial programmes

to build houses and to help people buy their own homes)

Ex: We keep up on the latest research, constantly evaluate the effectiveness of ourwork, believe that clients should be in a cooperative relationship when it comes totheir treatment, and learn from our successes and our failures /ˈfeɪljər/

Contantly /ˈkɑːnstəntli:/: adv., all the time; repeatedly

Ex: We are constantly on the lookout for new ideas

Word Family:

Evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/: n., the act of forming an opinion of the amount, value

or quality of something after thinking about it carefully

Ex: An evaluation of the health care system

Evaluative /ɪˈvæljuətɪv/: adj., forming or giving an opinion of the amount, value

or quality of something after thinking about it carefully

Ex: We need to make some evaluative judgements of this relationship

6 Gather /ˈɡæðər/ (v.) = to accumulate ( = collect ); to conclude ( = to come to anend; to bring something to an end) ; come/bring together /əˈθuːzi:æzəm/kjuːmjəleɪt/

Ex: I gather that interest rates for small business will soon change

Ex: I seem to have accumulated a lot of books

Ex: Last week we forwarded to you an on-line prevention survey to help gather

information for our plan /ˌɑːnˈlaɪn/, /ˌɔːnˈlaɪn/

Ex: Yet we can quickly gather a crowd when we attract them on the basis of whatthey want—or at least what they think they want

Ex: Each year, we carefully gather feedback from past attendees in order todesign sessions that are even more thought-provoking and beneficial for theupcoming year.

Word Family:

Gatherer /ˈɡæðərər/: n., a person who collects something

Ex: Prehistoric hunters and gatherers /ˌpriːhɪˈstɔːrɪk/

Gathering /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/: adj., [countable] a meeting of people for a particularpurpose; [uncountable] the process of collecting something

Ex: A social/family gathering

Ex: Methods of information gathering

7 Offer /ˈɔːfər/, /ˈɑːfər/ = n., a proposal; an act of saying that you are willing to dosomething for somebody or give something to somebody;

Ex: Thank you for your kind offer of help

Ex: To accept/refuse/decline an offer

Ex: Seriously consider an offer to go into business with a relative, which mayprovide the independence you currently seek

Ex: Nguyen Van Cu's Bookstore hosts this event every year They generously offer a discount on books and other items to parents who attend the event

Ex: Devon accepted our offer to write the business plan

Write /raɪt/: v., write something about/on something - [transitive, intransitive] toproduce something in written form so that people can read, perform or use it, etc.Ex: He hopes to write a book about his experiences one day

Ex: She had to write a report on the project

Word Family:

Offer /ˈɔːfər/, /ˈɑːfər/: v., to propose; to present in order to meet a need or satisfy arequirement; to say that you are willing to do something for somebody

Ex: Josie had offered her services as a guide

Ex: The kids offered to do the dishes

Ex: He offered $4 000 for the car

Ex: If what you have to offer is identical to what your competitors are offering,your business is not likely to be successful /kəmˈpetɪtər/

8 Primarily /praɪˈmerəli:/ (BrE also /ˈpraɪmərəli:/) = adv., mainly; first; mostimportant; chiefly

Ex: We are chiefly concerned with improving educational standards

Ex: They eat mainly fruit and nuts

Ex: The ABC company primarily concentrated on the development of theinvestment projects for transmission facilities /trænsˈmɪʃən/, /trænzˈmɪʃən/

Ex: The person primarily responsible is the project manager.

Word Family:

Primary /ˈpraɪmeri:/ (BrE: /ˈpraɪməri:/): adj., main; most important; basic;prime; developing or happening first; earliest; (especially BrE) connected with theeducation of children between the ages of about five and eleven /praɪm/

Ex: The care of the environment is of prime importance

Ex: The primary aim of this course is to improve your spoken English

Ex: The disease is still in its primary stage

Ex: Primary teachers.

Primary /ˈpraɪmeri:/ (BrE: /ˈpraɪməri:/): n., (pl primaries) (also primary election) (in the US) an election in which people in a particular area vote to choose

a candidate for a future important election

Ex: The presidential primaries

9 Risk /rɪsk/ = n., the possibility of something bad happening at some time in thefuture

Ex: The risks and benefits of a drug

Ex: An enormous risk of losing your job

Ex: She knew she had taken an enormous risk in going to see Helen /ˈhelən/

Ex: A significant risk that we face and over which we have no control is related toeconomic cycles

Ex: Taking a financial risk in hopes of making a large profit

Ex: The primary risk for most start-up businesses is insufficient capital - Nguy cơlớn nhất đối với hầu hết các cuộc khởi nghiệp là thiếu vốn

Ex: Expanding into a new market is a big risk

Word Family:

Risk /rɪsk/: v., to put something valuable or important in a dangerous situation, inwhich it could be lost or damaged

Ex: He risked all his money on a game of cards

Ex: They were willing to risk everything for their liberty

10.Strategy /ˈstrætədʒi:/ = n., a plan of action; a plan that is intended to achieve aparticular purpose

Ex: Using an alternative strategy for the project or any piece of it assumes that

the alternative was well thought out to begin with in regard to when it should beemployed, with what approvals, and under what conditions

Ex: The business lays out a strategy for future growth

Ex: It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve

Ex: To develop a strategy for dealing with unemployment

Ex: The business plan documents the strategy for growing the business.

Ex: A business plan is a strategy for running a business and avoiding problems.Ex: Power at the top of the Ukrainian state has been so spread out that no one isable successfully to advance and implement an economic strategy /juːˈkreɪni:ən/ Assume /əˈsuːm/: v., to think or accept that something is true but without havingproof of it – cho rằng, giả sử (là đúng)

Lay out /ˈleɪ aʊt/: v., to present a plan, an argument, etc clearly and carefully - setout

Ex: All the terms and conditions are laid out in the contract

Word Family:

Strategic /strəˈtiːdʒɪk/: adj., done as part of a plan that is meant to achieve a

particular purpose or to gain an advantage; strategical /strəˈtiːdʒɪkəl/

Ex: A strategic decision to sell off part of the business

Ex: Strategic planning

Strategically /strəˈtiːdʒɪkli/: adv., in a way that is meant to achieve a particularpurpose or to gain an advantage; in a way that is connected with getting anadvantage in a war or other military situation

Ex: A strategically placed microphone

Ex: To think strategically

Ex: A strategically important target

Ex: If we think strategically, we can come up with a plan that promises success

Strategize (BrE also: Strategise) /ˈstræt̬ədʒaɪz/: v., to make up or determinestrategy; plan

Ex: People gathered together in his office to strategize

11.Strong /strɔːŋ/ = adj., (of a natural or physical force) having great power; hard toresist/defeat/attack

Ex: Cheaper tablets, will remain strong on the market, they can be used forexample as auxiliary devices for the kids at home And what about all the cables?

/ɔːɡˈzɪli:əri:/

Tablet /ˈtæblət/: n., (also Tablet PC™) a small computer that is easy to carry,with a large touch screen and sometimes without a physical keyboard; ( especiallyBrE) a small round solid piece of medicine that you swallow; pill

Ex: You must have a constantly changing weight program in order to become extremely strong Trở nên cực kỳ kiên cố

Ex: Taking on a big project that requires a lot of wrist and arm work can make you surprisingly strong

Word Family:

Strengthen /ˈstreŋθən/ən/ : v., to become stronger; to make somebody/somethingstronger

Ex: Fine motor skills are strengthened with a simple homemade button snake.The concrete is strengthened with steel rods /rɑːd/ - (often used in compounds) along straight piece of wood, metal or glass

Ex: They are strengthened with bleach

Bleach /bliːtʃ/: v., [intransitive, transitive] to become white or pale by a chemicalprocess or by the effect of light from the sun; to make something white or pale inthis way /peɪl/ - light in colour; containing a lot of white; (of light) not strong orbright

Ex: The fall in unemployment is a sign of a strengthening economy.

Strength /streŋθən//: n., advantage; power/influence

Ex: Political power depends upon economic strength

12.Substitution /ˌsʌbstɪˈtuːʃən/ = n., replacement; an act of using one person or thing

in the place of another

Ex: The substitution of low-fat spreads for butter

Ex: A the substitution of butter with low-fat spreads

Ex: The decision to make a substitution for a student should be made only if thestudent's educational interests are best served by such substitution

Ex: Two substitutions were made during the game

Ex: There is no substitution for hard work and perseverance

Perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/:n., [uncountable](approving) the quality ofcontinuing to try to achieve a particular aim despite difficulties

Ex: They showed great perseverance in the face of difficulty

Ex: The only way to improve is through hard work and dogged perseverance

Dogged /ˈdɔːɡɪd/: adj., [usually before noun](approving) showing determination;not giving up easily – tenacious - ngoan cường, bền bỉ, kiên trì /təˈneɪʃəs/

Ex: Dogged determination/persistence

Ex: Their dogged defence of the city

Ex: The party has kept its tenacious hold on power for more than twenty years

Word Family:

Substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/: v., to take the place of somebody/something else

Ex: Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you

Ex: The substituted amount was much larger than the original amount

Ex: No amount of intelligence can substitute for good planning

No amount of something: n., used for saying that something will have no effect.Ex: No amount of encouragement would make him jump into the pool

Any amount of: n., a large quantity of something /əˈmaʊnt/

Ex: There's been any amount of research into the subject

Substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/: n., substitute for somebody/something - a person or thingthat you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have

Ex: The course teaches you the theory but there's no substitute for practicalexperience

Ex: There is no substitute for a well-prepared business plan It is the way to strengthen the business and help it improve in all areas

Ex: The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car

Ex: The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.

Ex: This in turn enables us to maintain a system in which we respond sensitively

to economic changes and provide optimal solutions that accommodate the various needs of customers.

Ex: The Dining Room is large enough to comfortably accommodate the guests

and a high standard of service will (is) the aim of the management

Ex: When making arrangements for a conference, they look for a site that will

accommodate all their needs

Ex: I’m sure the bank will be able to accommodate you

Ex: I needed to accommodate to the new schedule

Optimal /ˈɑːptɪməl/: adj., the best possible; producing the best possible results;

optimum /ˈɑːptɪməm/

Ex: The optimum conditions for effective learning

Sensitively /ˈsensətɪvli:/: adv., in a way that shows that you are aware of and able

to understand other people and their feelings

Word Family:

Accommodation /əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃən/: n., a place to live, work or stay in

Ex: Rented/temporary/furnished accommodation

Furnished /ˈfɜːrnɪʃt/: adj., (of a house, room, etc.) containing furniture

Ex: First-class accommodation is available on all flights

Accommodating /əˈkɑːmədeɪtɪŋ/: adj., willing to help and do things for otherpeople; obliging /əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ/

Ex: They were very obliging and offered to wait for us

Ex: They are very accommodating to foreign visitors

2 Arrangement /əˈθuːzi:æzəm/reɪndʒmənt/ = n., a plan or preparation that you make so thatsomething can happen; the way things are done or organized

Ex: We can take care ofthe travel arrangementfor your corporate trips

Ex: There are special arrangementsfor people working overseas

Ex: We will only have a couple of more Monday rehearsals there; we will confirm

an alternative arrangement asap /ɔːlˈθuːzi:æzəm/tɜːrnətɪv/

Rehearsals /rɪˈθuːzi:æzəm/hɜːrsəl/: adj., rehearsal of something - (formal) the act of repeatingsomething that has been said before

Ex: We listened to his lengthy rehearsalof the arguments.

Word Family:

Arrange /əˈθuːzi:æzəm/reɪndʒ/: v., to plan or organize something in advance

Ex: Can I arrange an appointment for Monday?

Ex: Have you arranged to meet him?

Ex: We arrangedfor a car to collect us from the airport

3 Association /əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/, /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/ = n., organization; an official group ofpeople who have joined together for a particular purpose; a connection orrelationship between people or organizations

Ex: Working in association with my partners

Ex: The book was published in association with (= together with) English

Heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/

Ex: The city has had a long association with the mining industry /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

Ex: The research showed an association between diet and various diseases

Ex: Association conferences are a good way for employees to get in touch withpeople in similar organizations

Word Family:

Associate /əˈsoʊʃieɪt/, /əˈsoʊsieɪt/: v., to make a connection between people orthings in your mind

Ex: I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood

Ex: I don't like you associating with those people

Associated /əˈsoʊʃieɪtɪd/, /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/: adj., if one thing is associated with

another, the two things are connected because they happen together or one thingcauses the other - connected; if a person is associated with an organization, etc.they support it; Associated used in the name of a business company that is made

up of a number of smaller companies

Ex: The risks associated with taking drugs

Ex: For most people, Samco is associated with computer chip production

Ex: Salaries and associated costs have risen substantially

Ex: He no longer wished to be associated with the party's policy on education.Ex: Associated Newspapers

4 Attend /əˈtend/ = v., to pay attention to what somebody is saying or to what youare doing; (formal) to go regularly to a place; (rather formal) to be present at anevent; (formal) to be with somebody and help them

Ex: The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders /ˈʃerhoʊldər/

Ex: The event was well attended

Ex: The project team hopefully attend the meeting regularly as much as possible