LẬP TRÌNH ĐỒ HỌA VỚI AWT

LẬP TRÌNH ĐỒ HỌA VỚI AWT

L p p trình h h a a v i i AWT

CAO Duc Thong – Thanglong University

thongcd@thanglong.edu.vn

2

Trình qu n lý trình bày (Layout Manager)

a (Graphics), phông ch (Font), ki n (Event)

4

Th vi nAWT T

Image Insets Polygon Rectangle Toolkit MenuComponent

XXXLayout CheckboxGroup Component

MenuBar MenuItem

Menu Checkbox MenuItem

Applet Checkbox

Choice Container Label List Scrollbar TextComponent

Panel Window ScrollPane

TextArea TextField

Frame Dialog

FileDialog

Ví Component: button, checkbox, scrollbar…

t ph ng th c n a Component

getBounds(): tr ph m vi a Component (Rectangle)

getFont(): tr font hi n i a Component

getForeGround(): tr màu a Component

getHeight(): tr chi u cao a Component (pixel, ki u int)

getSize(): tr kích th c a Component (Dimenstion)

getWidth(): tr chi u ng a Component (int)

getX(), getY(): tr a hi n i

isEnable(): boolean

paint(Graphics): ch u trách nhi m hi n th component

setVisible(boolean): hi n th component

Frame a là Component a là Container

o Frame Frame() Frame(String title)

Ví

UseLessFrame frame = new UseLessFrame();

} }

t ngu n sinh ra ki n có th có nhi u p nghe

class EventTest extends Frame implements ActionListener {

Label lab = new Label("Enter a number");

TextField tf1 = new TextField(5);

TextField tf2 = new TextField(5);

Button btnResult = new Button("Double is");

Button ext = new Button("exit");

public EventTest(String title) {

public static void main(String args[]) {

EventTest t = new EventTest("Event handling");

t.setSize(300, 200);

t.setVisible(true);

} }

java.awt.AWTEvent

AdjustmentEvent ComponentEvent ItemEvent

FocusEvent InputEvent ContainerEvent

KeyEvent MouseEvent

TextEvent WindowEvent

v ContainerListenere

n FocusListenert

L

i ItemListeners

e

n MouseListenere

r MouseMotionListener

TextListener WindowListener

addActionListener(A ctionListener)

addItemListener(Ite mListener)

b.addActionListener(new ButtonHandler());

f.add(b, BorderLayout.CENTER);

f.pack();

f.setVisible(true);

X lý ý cács ki n n

public static void main(String[] args){

TestButton test = new TestButton();

test.init();

} }

class ButtonHandler implements ActionListener{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

System.out.println("Button's command is: "+

e.getActionCommand());

} }

Button's command is: ButtonPressed

Button's command is: ButtonPressed

Button's command is: ButtonPressed

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public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e){}

}

public class GUIFrame extends Frame {

public GUIFrame(String title){

}

setLocation((d.width - getWidth())/2, (d.height

-getHeight())/2);

} super.setVisible(visible);

}

public static void main(String[] args){

GUIFrame frame = new GUIFrame("GUI Frame");

frame.setSize(400,300);

frame.setVisible(true);

} }

tr Label.LEFT, Label.RIGHT, Label.CENTER

Label l1 = new Label("Label");

Label l2 = new Label("I am a label");

l2.setFont(new Font("Timesroman", Font.BOLD, 18));

Label l3 = new Label();

public static void main(String[] args) {

LabelTest lt = new LabelTest();

}

}

getSelectedText() getSelectionStart() getSelectionEnd() getText(), setText() select(int, int)

setCaretPosition(int) setEditable(boolean) setSelectionStart(int)

TextField(int columns) TextField(String s)

TextField(String s, int columns) addActionListener(ActionListener) echoCharIsSet()

setEchoChar(char)

setText()

setColumn(int)

isEditable(): xác nh xem có ch Editable không

TextField tf1 = new TextField();

TextField tf2 = new TextField(25);

tf2.setText("Type stuff here");

tf2.setFont(new Font("Timesroman",Font.BOLD,18)); TextField tf3 = new TextField("I am disabled",15);

Cácthànhph nAWT T

TextField tf7 = new TextField("Caret here >< ");

TextField tf8 = new TextField("username",8);

TextField tf9 = new TextField("password",8);

tf9.setEchoChar('*');

ComponentTestFrame frame = new

ComponentTestFrame("TextField Test");

frame.add(tf1); frame.add(tf2); frame.add(tf3);

frame.add(tf4); frame.add(tf5); frame.add(tf6);

frame.add(tf7); frame.add(tf8); frame.add(tf9);

frame.setVisible(true);

tf7.setCaretPosition(14);

} public static void main(String[] args) {

TextFieldTest test = new TextFieldTest();

} }

TextArea(int rows, int columns) TextArea(String text)

TextArea(String text, int rows, int columns)

get/set row/column setEditable/isEditable append(String)

insert(String s, int i): chèn chu i vào t trí replaceRange(String, int, int): thay th n n m gi a tríint và int cho tr c

TextArea ta1 = new TextArea(10,20);

TextArea ta2 = new TextArea("Text Area\n with

TextArea ta4 = new TextArea("This textarea is not enable",

4,25,TextArea.SCROLLBARS_NONE);

public static void main(String[] args) {

TextAreaTest test = new TextAreaTest();

} }

Button(String text) addActionListener(ActionListener) String getLabel()

setLabel(String) removeActionListener(ActionListener)

Button b1 = new Button("Button");

Button b2 = new Button();

b2.setLabel("Press me!");

b2.setFont(new Font("Timesroman", Font.BOLD, 16));

Button b3 = new Button("Can't press me");

public static void main(String[] args) {

ButtonTest lt = new ButtonTest();

}

}

Có th ch n nhi u option a Checkbox RadioButton ng gi ng nh Checkbox nh ng ch cho phép ch n

o RadioButton)

t ph ng th c Checkbox()

Checkbox(String) Checkbox(String, boolean)

set/getLabel() set/getState() removeItemListener(ItemListener)

Checkbox cb1 = new Checkbox("Java",false);

Checkbox cb2 = new Checkbox("C++",false);

cb2.setEnabled(false);

Checkbox cb3 = new Checkbox("HTML",true);

Checkbox cb4 = new Checkbox();

public static void main(String[] args) {

CheckboxTest test = new CheckboxTest();

} }

CheckboxGroup group = new CheckboxGroup();

Checkbox cb1 = new Checkbox("Java",false,group);

Checkbox cb2 = new Checkbox("C++",false,group);

cb2.setEnabled(false);

Checkbox cb3 = new Checkbox("HTML",true,group);

Checkbox cb4 = new Checkbox("",true,group);

CheckboxGroupTest test = new CheckboxGroupTest();

} }

add(String) addItem(String) addItemListener(ItemListener) getItem(int)

getItemCount() getSelectedIndex() insert(String, int)

select(int) select(String)

ChoiceTest test = new ChoiceTest();

} }

public class CanvasTest extends Canvas {

public void paint(Graphics g){

setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD + Font.ITALIC, 16));

g.drawString("Canvas", 15, 25);

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

CanvasTest c1 = new CanvasTest();

o Menu Menu fileMenu = new Menu(“File”);

n Menu vào MenuBar menuBar.add(fileMenu);

o MenuItem MenuItem fileOpen = new MenuItem(“Open”);

isEnabled() setEnabled()

MenuItem fileOpen = new MenuItem("Open");

fileOpen.setShortcut(new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_O));

MenuItem fileSave = new MenuItem("Save");

fileSave.setShortcut(new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_S));

fileSave.setEnabled(false);

MenuItem fileSaveAs = new MenuItem("Save As");

fileSaveAs.setEnabled(false);

MenuItem fileExit = new MenuItem("Exit");

fileExit.setShortcut(new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_X));

MenuItem editCut = new MenuItem("Cut");

editCut.setShortcut(new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_X));

MenuItem editCopy = new MenuItem("Copy");

editCopy.setShortcut(new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_C));

MenuItem editPaste = new MenuItem("Paste");

editPaste.setShortcut(new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_P));

Menu file = new Menu("File");

public static void main(String[] args) {

MenuTest test = new MenuTest();

}

Cácthànhph nAWT T

MenuItem paste = new MenuItem("Paste");

MenuItem delete = new MenuItem("Delete");

PopupMenu popupMenu = new PopupMenu("Clipboard");

PopupMenuTest test = new PopupMenuTest();

} }

Dùng Panel nhóm các thành ph n GUI i i nhau

import java.awt.*;

public class PanelTest {

public PanelTest() {

super();

Label lb1 = new Label("URL: ");

TextField tf1 = new TextField("",20);

Button b1 = new Button("Go");

Panel p1 = new Panel();

p1.setBackground(Color.CYAN);

p1.add(lb1); p1.add(tf1); p1.add(b1);

CheckboxGroup group = new CheckboxGroup();

Cácthànhph nAWT T

Panel

Checkbox cb1 = new Checkbox("Java",group,true);

Checkbox cb2 = new Checkbox("C++",group,false);

Checkbox cb3 = new Checkbox("HTML",group,false); Checkbox cb4 = new Checkbox("ADA",group,false); Panel p2 = new Panel();

p2.setBackground(Color.BLUE);

p2.add(cb1); p2.add(cb2); p2.add(cb3); p2.add(cb4);

ComponentTestFrame frame = new

ComponentTestFrame("PanelTest");

frame.add(p1); frame.add(p2);

frame.setVisible(true);

} public static void main(String[] args) {

PanelTest test = new PanelTest();

} }

Cácthànhph nAWT T

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t Dialog có th là modal ho c non-modal Modal dialog

Non-modal dialog

Dialog(Frame) Dialog(Frame, String)

Dialog d1 = new Dialog(frame,"Modal Dialog Test",true);

d1.add(new Label("Modal Dialog Test"));

public void windowClosing(WindowEvent arg0) {

((Dialog)arg0.getSource()).setVisible(false);

} public void windowClosed(WindowEvent arg0) { }

public static void main(String[] args) {

DialogTest test = new DialogTest();

} }

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Qu nlý ý trình h bày y

Layout manager: qu n lý cách trình bày a các GUI

components trong t Container

Các hàm kh i o

FlowLayout() FlowLayout(int alignment)Alignment có th là FlowLayout.CENTER, LEFT, RIGHT FlowLayout(int, int, int)

public class FlowLayoutTest extends Frame implements WindowListener {

public FlowLayoutTest(String title){

dispose();

System.exit(0);

}

public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e){}

public static void main(String[] args) { FlowLayoutTest ft = new FlowLayoutTest("FlowLayout Test");

} }

Là layout c nh cho Frame, Window, Dialog

Các thành ph n c p p trên 5 khu c khác nhau

• NORTH – t nh a container.

• EAST – t phía bên ph i a container.x`

• SOUTH – t phía i a container

• WEST – t phía bên trái a container.

• CENTER – t gi a a container.

thêm t thành ph n vào vùng ‘North’

Button b1=new Button(“North Button”); // khai báo thành ph n

setLayout(new BorderLayout()); // thi t p layout

add(b1,BorderLayout.NORTH); // thêm thành ph n vào layout

Kh i o: BorderLayout(), BorderLayout(int, int)

Các hàm kh i o:

GridLayout(int), GridLayout(int, int), GridLayout(int, int, int,int)

public class GridLayoutTest extends Frame implements WindowListener {

public GridLayoutTest(String title){

public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e){}

public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e){}

public static void main(String[] args) {

GridLayoutTest ft = new GridLayoutTest(“GridLayout Test");

} }

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WindowEvent

Cài t giao ti p WindowListener

Xem ví Frame

X lý ý cács ki n n

c phát sinh i Button, MenuItem, TextField, List

p nghe cài t giao ti p ActionListener hay cài t ph ng th c actionPerformed(ActionEvent)

t bi n & ph ng th c a ActionEvent int ALT_MASK: phím ALT có c nh n ? int CTRL_MASK: phím CTRL có c nh n ? int SHIFT_MASK: phím SHIFT có c nh n ? int getModifiers(): có th tr ALT_MASK, CTRL_MASK…

String getActionCommand(): tr command n i i ActionEvent

class ActionListenerTest extends GUIFrame implements ActionListener {

Panel controlPanel, whoDoneItPanel, commandPanel;

Label whoDoneItLabel, commandLabel;

TextField whoDoneItTextField, commandTextField, textField;

whoDoneItPanel.setBackground(Color.pink);

whoDoneItLabel = new Label("Who done it",

whoDoneItTextField = new TextField("A TextField"); //whoDoneItTextField.addActionListener(this);

whoDoneItTextField.setEditable(false);

whoDoneItPanel.add(whoDoneItLabel);

whoDoneItPanel.add(whoDoneItTextField);

add(whoDoneItPanel,BorderLayout.NORTH);

X lý ý cács ki n n

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X lý ý cács ki n n

ActionEvent

//create controlPanel controlPanel = new Panel();

controlPanel.add(new Label("A TextField", Label.RIGHT)); textField = new TextField(15);

controlPanel.add(new Label("A List",Label.RIGHT));

list = new List(5,false);

list.add("Breakfast");

list.add("Lunch");

list.add("Diner");

commandLabel = new Label("Action Command");

} public static void main(String[] args){

ActionListenerTest test = new ActionListenerTest();

} }

p nghe ItemEvent n cài t giao ti p ItemListener

Ph ng th c n cài t: itemStateChanged(ItemEvent)

Ph ng th c a ItemEvent

int getStateChange(): có th nh n ItemEvent.SELECTED ho cItemEvent.DESELECTED

Object getItem(): item ã thay i tr ng thái (Checkbox,

c o ra i TextComponent (TextField, TextArea)

p nghe cài t giao ti p TextListener

Ph ng th c n cài t textValueChanged(TextEvent)

i (thêm, xóa text)

super("Mouse Event Test");

canvas = new Canvas();

new MouseTest();

} public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){

String text = "Event: Clicked Button ";

switch(e.getModifiers()){

case InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK:

text += 1;

event.setText(text);

} public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){

event.setText("Event: Entered");

} public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){

event.setText("Event: Exited");

}

X lý ý cács ki n n

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event.setText("Event: Released");

} public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){

location.setText("Location: (" + e.getX()+"," + e.getY()+")");

} public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){

Point p = e.getPoint();

event.setText("Event: Dragged");

location.setText("Location: (" + p.getX()+"," + p.getY()+")");

}

void keyTyped(KeyEvent)

Image image =

Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("image.jpg");

public static void main(String[] args) {

ImageTest image = new ImageTest();

GUIFrame frame = new GUIFrame("ImageTest");

frame.add(image);

frame.pack();

frame.setVisible(true);

} }

CÂU U H I I

th c 200, 200 màu Khi a chu t vào Canvas

ch ng trình hi n dòng ch “In canvas”, khi a chu t ra

ngoài hi n dòng ch “Not in canvas”

Vi t ch ng trình cho phép ng tròn i t trí

t mà ng i dùng nh n chu t trên màn hình

Vi t t ch ng trình i menu “Draw” có 3 menu item:

line, circle, square: khi ng i dùng kích vào ng menu

item, 50 line ho c circle ho c square c ra

trí a qu bóng thay i theo Yêu u o t p

Ball riêng bi t (M ng bài toán cho tr ng p ng i

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ki n và i ng gây ra ki n

Tham m kh o o