Tính từ và trạng từ

Trật từ của các tính từ trước danh từ: TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ TÀI LIỆU BÀI GIẢNG Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG... Phân loại trạng từ 1.1 Trạng từ chỉ thể cách: - Cho ta biết một hành ñộ

I TÍNH TỪ

1 Vị trí của tính từ:

1.1 Trước danh từ:

Ex: She is a beautiful girl

1.2 Sau danh từ:

a) Chỉ sự ño lường, tuổi tác:

Ex: This table is two meters long

He’s twenty years old

b) Tính từ có tiếp ñầu ngữ “a”:

asleep (ñang ngủ), ablaze (bùng cháy), alight (bừng sáng), awake (thức), alive (còn sống), alike (giống

nhau), afloat (nổi), …

Ex: I saw my son asleep on the floor

c) Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho túc từ:

Ex: We should keep our room clean

1.3 Sau Linking Verbs:

be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, turn, appear

Ex: It becomes hot today

1.4 Sau ñại từ bất ñịnh:

something, someone/body, anything, anyone/body, everything, everyone/body, nothing, no one, nobody

Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me?

1.5 Sau trạng từ:

Ex: Your story is very interesting

2 Trật từ của các tính từ trước danh từ:

TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ

(TÀI LIỆU BÀI GIẢNG)

Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

Ex: A beautiful tall thin Vietnamese girl is standing over there

Sắp xếp lại trật tự các từ sau

grey / long / beard / a

flowers / red / small

car / black / big / a

blonde / hair / long

house / a / modern / big / brick

Key:

a long grey beard

small red flowers

a big black car

a long blonde hair

a big modern brick house

in my nice big flat

there’s an old round box

for my green Swiss hat

my my wooly walking stocks

1.opinion

2.size

3.age

4.shape

5.color

6.country

7.material

8.purpose

3 Tính từ dùng như danh từ

THE + ADJ -> NOUN

the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the old, the handicapped, the sick, the strong, the weak, the hungry, the disadvantaged, the unemployed, the disabled, the living, the dead, the young, the middle-aged

Ex: The rich should help the poor

4 Phân từ dùng như tính từ

Tính từ tận cùng bằng:

–ING –ED –ING –ED

amazing amazed exciting excited

amusing amused frightening frightened

boring bored interesting interested

confusing confused pleasing pleased

depressing depressed relaxing relaxed

deserving deserved satisfying satisfied

disappointing disappointed shocking shocked

distinguishing distinguished surprising surprised

encouraging encouraged tiring tired

4.1 Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING):

Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/vật gì ñó

Ex: That film is interesting (Bộ phim ñó hay.)

(Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.)

4.2 Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED):

Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì ñó ñem lại

Ex: I am confused about the question (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi)

(Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối.)

II TRẠNG TỪ

1 Phân loại trạng từ

1.1 Trạng từ chỉ thể cách:

- Cho ta biết một hành ñộng ñược thực hiện như thế nào ñể trả lời cho câu hỏi HOW?

- Cách thành lập: ADJ + LY (một cách …)

angrily giận dữ

anxiously lo lắng

badly dở, tệ

beautifully (hát, múa) hay

brightly tươi sáng

carefully cẩn thận

cleverly khéo léo, khôn

colorfully sặc sỡ

continuously liên tiếp

easily dễ dàng

fluently trôi chảy

happily hạnh phúc

heavily nặng nề

loudly ầm ĩ, inh ỏi

nervously hồi hộp

peacefully hòa bình

politely lịch sự, lễ phép

quickly nhanh nhẹn

quietly yên tĩnh

rapidly nhanh chóng

safely an toàn

sensibly hợp lý

seriously nghiêm túc

silently im lặng

skillfully khéo tay

slowly chậm chạp

specially ñặc biệt

stupidly ngu ngốc

successfully thành công

warmly ấm áp

* LƯU Ý:

- fast (nhanh), early (sớm), late (trễ), hard (chăm chỉ) vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ

Jack is a very fast runner Jack can run very fast

Ann is hard worker Ann works hard (hardly)

The train was late I got up late this morning

- Phân biệt:

You come home late today He hasn’t been to the cinema lately

(Hôm nay con về trễ.) (Gần ñây anh ta không ñi xem phim.)

I’ve worked very hard She’s hardly got any money left

(Tôi làm việc rất chăm.) (Cô ấy hầu như không còn tiền.)

- Một số từ tận cùng –LY:

friendly (thân thiện), lovely (dễ thương), lively (sống ñộng), ugly (xấu xí), silly (ngu ngốc)… Những từ này

không phải là trạng từ nên ta dùng “in a ……way/manner” thay cho trạng từ

Ex: She spoke to me in a friendly way/manner

(Cô ta nói chuyện với tôi một cách thân thiện.)

1.2 Trạng từ chỉ thời gian

Cho biết sự việc xảy ra lúc nào, ñể trả lời cho câu hỏi WHEN?

now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, last year, then, still, no longer, already, immediately, just, soon, finally, recently, lately, at once, 2 months later/after, …

Ex: I’m leaving for Hanoi tomorrow

1.3 Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn

Cho biết sự việc xảy ra ở ñâu, ñể trả lời cho câu hỏi WHERE?

here, there, somewhere, outside, inside, upstairs, downstairs, everywhere, in Paris, at the supermarket, …

Ex: Tom is standing there

1.4 Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên

Cho biết hành ñộng xảy ra thường xuyên như thế nào, ñể trả lời cho câu hỏi HOW OFTEN?

never, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually, frequently, occasionally, often, always, once/twice a week, every day, daily, weekly, monthly, …

Ex: I often get up at 5 in the morning

1.5 Trạng từ chỉ mức ñộ

Cho biết hành ñộng, tính chất của sự việc diễn ra ñến mức nào

very, too, so, quite, rather, extremely, absolutely, terribly, completely, really, pretty, fairly, entirely, hardly, scarcely, somewhat, enough,…

Ex: I come here quite often

2 Vị trí của trạng từ

2.1 ðầu câu

Ex: Where are you going?

2.2 Giữa câu

2.2.1 Trước ñộng từ thường

Ex: They often play football after class

2.2.2 Sau ñộng từ TO BE, trợ ñộng từ hoặc ñộng từ khuyết thiếu:

Ex: Our teacher is still sick

She doesn’t often go with him

He can seldom find time for reading

2.3 Cuối câu:

Ex: You sang that song well

3 Trật tự của các trạng từ

Trật tự của các trạng từ trong câu thường như sau:

Nơi chốn Mức ñộ Thế cách Thường xuyên Thời gian

He walked to the church very slowly twice last Sunday

* Chú ý: Trật từ trên có thể thay ñổi tùy vào mục ñích nhấn mạnh của người viết/nói

4 Chức năng cơ bản của trạng từ

* Phần in ñậm, gạch dưới bổ nghĩa cho phần in nghiêng

Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Nguồn : Hocmai.vn

I TÍNH TỪ

1 Hãy ñặt tính từ vào vị trí ñúng trong các câu sau

1 Bring me something to drink (cool)

2 The leaves turn in Autumn (yellow)

3 Woollen clothes keep our bodies (warm)

4 Shelley is a poet (famous) all over the world

5 I thought him very (intelligent)

6 Ping-pong is a sport for boys and girls (good)

7 I have nothing to give you (interesting)

8 The corn waved in the wind (ripe, golden)

9 Vietnam is a country (rich and beautiful)

10 I found him still in his bed (asleep)

11 Constant rain kept the river (full)

12 Wealth doesn’t make man (happy)

13 Isn’t she a girl (pretty)?

14 Aren’t these oranges (delicious)?

15 Isn’t the boy (clever)?

2 Chọn ñáp án ñúng

1 We were all (horrifyIng/horrifIed) when we heard about the disaster

2 It’s sometimes (embarrassing/embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money

3 Are you (Interesting/Interested) In football?

4 I enjoyed the football match It was quIte (exciting/excited)

5 It was a really (terrifying/terrified) experIence Afterwards everybody was very (shocking/shocked)

6 I had never expected to be offered the job I was really (amazing/amazed) when I was offered It

7 The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages It was really (disgusting/ disgusted)

8 Do you easily get (embarrassing/embarrassed)?

3 Dùng tính từ ñuôi –ING hoặc –ED ñể hoàn thành các câu sau

1 The film wasn't as good as we had expected (disappoint)

The film was _ We were _ with the film

2 It's been raining all day I hate this weather (depress)

The weather is _ This weather made me _

3 Astronomy is one of Tom's main interests (interest)

Tom is _ in astronomy He finds astronomy very _

4 I turned off the television in the middle of the program (bore)

The program was _ I was _

TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ

(BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)

Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

5 Ann is going to America next month She has never been there (excite)

She is really _ about going It will be an _ experience for her

II TRẠNG TỪ

1 Gạch dưới những phó từ trong những câu dưới dây Phân loại những phó từ ñó Tìm ra những từ ñược bổ nghĩa

1 They worked fast to cover the distance before the breakfast hour

2 He wanted to go there immediately

3 He walked farther than I did

4 They got up very early

5 Are you quite sure of this?

6 I didn’t know it so well as him

7 Today I feel somewhat better

8 He does his work quite differently from his brother

9 I wish he could write more plainly, so that I could read his letters easily

10 They usually begin to work at 6 o’clock in the morning

11 He is well spoken of

12 The children of out school were all neatly dressed

13 He works hard all day

2 ðặt những phó từ hoặc trạng ngữ (trong ngoặc ñơn) vào ñúng chỗ của nó trong câu

1 He has read that book… (already)

2 This book is interesting… (extremely)

3 I haven’t been there… (before)

4 He is on time… (seldom)

5 He has a bad pain in his chest… (today, very)

6 The elevator operates… (automatically)

7 He arrives… (on time, never, at the meeting)

8 I saw Dan… (at the lecture, last night)

9 I will be there… (certainly, by 2 o’clock)

10 He left the office… (this afternoon, early)

11 She will return the book… (next week, to, the library)

12 She went… (at 6 o’clock, to school)

13 He was born… (in 1392, at 10 am, on June 14th)

14 They stayed… (all day, quietly, there)

3 Chọn từ chính xác ñể ñiền vào câu sau

1 They dance the Tango (beautiful / beautifully)

2 She planned their trip to Greece very (careful / carefully)

3 Jim painted the kitchen very (bad / badly)

4 She speaks very (quiet / quietly)

5 Turn the stereo down It's too (loud / loudly)

6 He skipped down the road to school (Happy / happily)

7 He drives too (fast / well)

8 She knows the road (good / well)

9 He plays the guitar (terrible / terribly)

10 We're going camping tomorrow so we have to get up (early /soon)

11 Andy doesn't often work (hard / hardly)

12 Sometimes our teacher arrives for class (Late / lately)

4 Chọn tính từ hoặc trạng từ thích hợp vào câu sau

1 As the play unfolds, the audience is (subtle / subtly) brought into the grip of an awful evil

2 In a bold, sometimes (careless / carelessly), form there is nothing academic

3 The (clever / cleverly) updated detective tale succeeded despite a serious flirt with cliché

4 Last week we buried my closest friend, and it was a (deep / deeply) moving service

5 She straightened up and looked out the window (direct / directly) at him

6 In times gone by, the paddle steamers docked to pick up their loads of (fresh / freshly) bailed cotton

7 All goes (good / well), and after some time he feels relaxed enough to go for a walk

8 Your trigger(happy / happily) friend isn't in the house

9 The gulf between the 'rich' and the 'poor' has narrowed, to the point that the word 'poor' is (hard / hardly) applicable

10 (Interesting / Interestingly), the changes the adapter has made seem designed to make the story even more frightening

11 He joined dozens of others that sailed (lazy / lazily) toward the surface

12 He swore so (loud / loudly) at the top of his voice, that she didn't get any sleep all the next night

13 Frankly, it is very (clever / cleverly) done

14 Such (nice / nicely) balances of economic integration are hard to sustain for more than a single

generation

15 There are already rumours that publishers are feeling (nervous / nervously)

16 Children should be cared for by a (normal / normally) and healthy family

17 We hoped this war could be resolved both (quick / quickly) and with as few civilian casualties as possible

18 All we wanted to do was to stand very (quiet / quietly) and look and look and look

19 He wanted to pat her neck (most / mostly) because she was so wonderful to touch

20 It was (nice / nicely) packaged and wrapped in pretty, recycled paper

Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Nguồn : Hocmai.vn

I TÍNH TỪ

1 Hãy ñặt tính từ vào vị trí ñúng trong các câu sau

1 Bring me something cool to drink

2 The leaves turn yellow in Autumn

3 Woollen clothes keep our bodies warm

4 Shelley is a famous poet all over the world

5 I thought him very intelligent

6 Ping-pong is a good sport for boys and girls

7 I have nothing interesting to give you

8 The ripe, golden corn waved in the wind

9 Vietnam is a rich and beautiful country

10 I found him still asleep in his bed

11 Constant rain kept the river full

12 Wealth doesn’t make man happy

13 Isn’t she a pretty girl?

14 Aren’t these oranges delicious?

15 Isn’t the boy clever?

2 Chọn ñáp án ñúng

1 We were all (horrifying/horrified) when we heard about the disaster

2 It’s sometimes (embarrassing/embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money

3 Are you (Interesting/Interested) In football?

4 I enjoyed the football match It was quite (exciting/excited)

5 It was a really (terrifying/terrified) experience Afterwards everybody was very (shocking/shocked)

6 I had never expected to be offered the job I was really (amazing/amazed) when I was offered it

7 The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages It was really (disgusting/ disgusted)

8 Do you easily get (embarrassing/embarrassed)?

3 Dùng tính từ ñuôi –ING hoặc –ED ñể hoàn thành các câu sau

1 The film wasn't as good as we had expected (disappoint)

The film was _disappointing We were _disappointed with the film

2 It's been raining all day I hate this weather (depress)

The weather is _depressing This weather made me _ depressed

3 Astronomy is one of Tom's main interests (interest)

Tom is _interested in astronomy He finds astronomy very _interesting

4 I turned off the television in the middle of the program (bore)

The program was _boring I was _bored

TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ

(ðÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)

Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

5 Ann is going to America next month She has never been there (excite)

She is really _excited about going It will be an _exciting experience for her

II TRẠNG TỪ

1 Gạch dưới những phó từ trong những câu dưới dây Phân loại những phó từ ñó Tìm ra những từ ñược bổ nghĩa

1 They worked fast to cover the distance before the breakfast hour Trạng từ thế cách

2 He wanted to go there immediately Trạng từ thế cách

3 He walked farther than I did Trạng từ thế cách

4 They got up very early Very là trạng từ chỉ mức ñộ Early chỉ thể cách

5 Are you quite sure of this? Mức ñộ

6 I didn’t know it so well as him Trạng từ thế cách

7 Today I feel somewhat better Trạng từ thời gian

8 He does his work quite differently from his brother

Quite là trạng từ chỉ mức ñộ Differently là Trạng từ thế cách

9 I wish he could write more plainly, so that I could read his letters easily Trạng từ thế cách

10 They usually begin to work at 6 o’clock in the morning

Usually là trạng từ chỉ tần suất At 6 o’clock in the morning là trạng từ chỉ thời gian

11 He is well spoken of Trạng từ thế cách

12 The children of out school were all neatly dressed Trạng từ thế cách

13 He works hard all day Trạng từ thế cách

2 ðặt những phó từ hoặc trạng ngữ (trong ngoặc ñơn) vào ñúng chỗ của nó trong câu

1 He has already read that book

2 This book is extremely interesting

3 I haven’t been there before

4 He is seldom on time…

5 He has a very bad pain in his chest today

6 The elevator operates automatically

7 He never arrives on time at the meeting

8 I saw Dan at the lecture last night

9 I will certainly be there by 2 o’clock

10 He left the office early this afternoon

11 She will return the book to the library next week

12 She went to school at 6 o’clock

13 He was born at 10 am on June 14th in 1392

14 They stayed there quietly all day

3 Chọn từ chính xác ñể ñiền vào câu sau

1 They dance the Tango (beautiful / beautifully)

2 She planned their trip to Greece very (careful / carefully)

3 Jim painted the kitchen very (bad / badly)

4 She speaks very (quiet / quietly)

5 Turn the stereo down It's too (loud / loudly)