* Chỉ 1 hành động xảy ra trong qk t.gian không xác định ex: She vờsit has visited Ha Long Bay several times.. am receiving Don’ clockt make noise.. Affirmative: Jason said, " Tom has wor
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* Chỉ 1 thói quen ở hiện tại
- ex: He usually (go) goes t o school in the morning
at the moment, at the
time,Verb! (look!, listen!,
be quiet)
at present = now
* Chỉ hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm đang nói
- It (rain) is raining now.
- Lan (eat) is eating at preent
- Listen! She (sing) is singing
= lately, so far = up to now
= up to the present= until now,already, yet,this is thefirst time , several times
* Chỉ 1 hành động xảy ra trong qk t.gian không xác định
ex: She (vờsit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times
* Chỉ hành động bắt đầu ở QK mà còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại
- We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years.
- My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday
- Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt.
* Dùng để nhấn mạnh 1 hành động khởi sự trong quá khứ kéo dài
đến hiện tại và còn tiếp tục ở tơng lai
- She (wait) has been waiting to see you since 2 o clock’ clock
- He (work) has been working in this factory for 4 years.
* 1 số việc xảy ra ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
- She (meet) met him yesterday.
- Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last nigh
S + was/ were + V-ing
S + was/ were + not+
V-ing
Was/ were + S +
V-ing?
At 5 P.m/ at 5 o’ clockclock + Thời gian trong QK, all day yesterday
* Chỉ 1 hành động xảy ra ở 1 điểm thời gian xác định trong QK
- At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home.
* Chỉ 2 hành động cùng xảy ra song song ở QK
- My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV.
* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra ở QK thì 1 hành động khác xen vào
-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident.
before, after, by, *Diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra ở QK trớc 1 hành động khác hoặc 1
thời điểm trong QK
- Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that factory
- When I (come) come, he (leave) had left by 7 o clock’ clock
- After he (graduate) had graduated, he (go) went abroad.
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở tơng lai
- Tomorrow he (visit ) will viisit me.
- She (stay) will stay at next Monday.
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Bµi TËp
Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each sentence:
I will see him when he here tomorrow .a.comes b will come c has come d had come
The boys broke a window when they football a played b were playing c haf playedd are playing
What to you yesterday?
a happened b did happen c had happen d was happening
It was the most exciting film I
b never saw b ever saw c had ever seen d have ever seen
He said that he his work since 7 o’ clockclock
I about him when suddenly he came in
Please don’ clockt touch anything before
the police will come b the police comes
c the police come d the police would come
“When ?” - In 1928
a penicillin was discovered b was penicillin discovered
b did penicillin discovered d did penicillin discover
They have been in love with each other they were young
Do you know what there yesterday?
a she is doing b was doing c did she do d she did
At present, that author a historical novel
a is writing b was writing c has written d had written
By next month, I my first novel
a will finish b am going to finish
I the money from him yet
a haven’ clockt received b don’ clockt receive c will receive d am receiving
Don’ clockt make noise My mother with her friend
the teacher gave me a passing grade
a After taking the test b After I take the test
b After I took the test d After I had taken the test
No sooner the office than the phone rang
a was he leaving b he was leaving c he had left d had he left
17 How many times there so far? A few times
18 It’ clocks at least a month since Tom
19 Up to then, I such a big fire
a have never seen b had never seen c never seen d never see
20 I her since I a student
a know/ am b knew/ was c have known/ am d have known/ was
21 They for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke
a had been running b have been running c are running d will be running
22 I assumed you paying for the repairs until the end of last year
a have been b was been c are being d had been
23 .get tired of answering the same questions every day?
a Have you ever b Had you ever c Do you ever d Are you ever
24 She working on that manuscript for 2 year now
a will be b has been c had been d.is
25 I there once a long time ago and back since
a went/have not been b go/am not c have gone/was d was going/had not been
26 She trying to pass her driving test but fails every time
a kept b is keeping c.did want d keeps
27 I complete silence now while I try this experiment
a am wanting b want c had wanted d have wanted
28.The students by Mrs.Monty However, this week they by Mr.Tanzer
a are usually taught/are being taught b usually teach/are teaching
c have usually been taught/have been teaching
d were usually teaching /are teaching
29 No matter what happens next I help you
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a am b have c will d.would
30 In the last hundred years, traveling much easier and more comfortable
a becomes b has become c became d will become
31 In the 19th century, it two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon
a took b had taken c had taken d.was taking
32 In the past the trip very rough and often dangeruos, but things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years
a was/have changed b is/change c had been/will change d.hasbeen/changed
33 Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours
a are flying b would fly c will fly d can fly
34 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television
a was calling/watched b called/have watched
c called/was watching d had called/watched
35.By this time next summer, you your studies
a.completes b.will complete c.are completing d will have completed
36 Right now, Jim the newspaper and kathy dinner
a reads/has cooked b is reading/is cooking
c.has read/was cooking d read/will be cooking
37 Last night at this time, they the same thing She and he the newspaper
a are doing/is cooking/is reading b were doing/was cooking/was reading
c was doing/has cooked/is reading d had done/was cooking/read
38 When I home last night, I that Jane a beautiful candle light dinner
a had arrived/discovered/preparing b was arriving/has discovered/was preparing
c have arrived/was discovering/had prepared d arrived/discovered/was preparing
39.The sun late in winter.a is rising always b rises always c is always rising d always rises
40 While I Tv last night, a mouse ran across the floor.a watch b watched c was watching d am watching41.This is the most intersting novel a I’ clockve read b I had read c I’ clockve never read d I’ clockve ever read
42 When it began to rain, they in the yard.a played b had played c.were playing d have played
43.I haven’ clockt seen you a since a long time b for ages c ages d for long existence
44 It every day so far this week.a rained b has rained c rains d is raining
45 I any letter from him yet.a haven’ clockt received b will receive c don’ clockt receive d didn’ clockt receive
46 We to Dalat several times It’ clocks a foggy city.a were b have been c were being d had been
47 Be careful! The bus near.a will come b will be coming c is coming d has come
48.I haven’ clockt met him since he school.a left b was leaving c had left d was left
49 My uncle on this farm since he was 20.a has worked b have worked c worked d was working
50 It me 15 minutes to go to school every morning.a takes b has taken c is takening d took
51 When I woke up this morning, it a rained b was raining c has rained d is raining
52 He London 2 years ago and I him since then
a left/ hadn’ clockt seen b left/ haven’ clockt seen c was living/ haven’ clockt seen d left/ didn’ clockt seen
53 By the time Tom got back,Peter a have gone b went c will go d had gone
Give the correct form of the verbs
1.The sun always (rise) in the east Look, it (rise)!
2 I don’ clockt think I (go) out tonight I’ clockm too tired
3 Where you (spend) your summer holiday last year, Tam?
4 In my country, it (not rain) much in winter
5 Let’ clocks wait for Lien (arrive) and we (have) dinner
6 The moon (move) around the earth
7 Mai (be) very happy when she (receive) a letter from her sister this morning
8 Would you like (join) my class next Sunday? We (visit) the local museum
9 My father (read) now He always (read) a book after dinner
10 A friend of my brother’ clocks (call) him last night, but he (not be) at home So I (take) a message for him
11 - Are you busy this evening?Yes, I (meet) Tuan at the library at seven We (study) together
12 Mai (telephone) you when she comes back
13 When we (be) small, our family (live) in the countryside
14 Miss Trang is in hospital.- - Yes, I know I (visit) her tomorrow
15 I (read) an interesting book at the moment I (lend) it to you when I finish it
16 Look at those black clouds It (rain)
17 I (not invite) her to the party because I (forget) her phone number
18 Look! Our new teacher (come) She (have) long, black hair
19 The boys like (play) games but (hate) do lessons
20 Please stop (talk); I (try) (finish) a letter to the Y&Y Green Group
21 His doctor advised him (give up) (smoke)
22 By (work) day and nihgt he succeeded in (finish) the job in time
23 There (be) many volunteers in Sea Games 22nd in Viet Nam in 2003
24 How long you (know) Mrs Chi? - I (know) her for five years
25 Your dog ever (bite) anyone? - Yes, he (bite) a policeman last week
26 We (not see) her since we (be) on holiday in Ha Long Bay
27 Phuong (not finish) her homework yet
28 Would you like some coffee? I just (make) some
29 She (feed) the cat yet? - Yes, she (feed) it half an hour ago
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30 The weather (become) colder and colder in December
31 He (cut) my hair too short - Don’ clockt worry; it (grow) again very quickly
32.I (not go) out this evening I (stay) at home
33 The film (begin) at 7.30 or 8.00?
34 You (be) away? - Yes I (go) to the country last Sunday
35 They just (phone) to say that they (not come) back till Friday night
36 My uncle (not visit) us since he (move) to the new town
37 You should practice (speak) English every day
38 The movie (start) at 8.15 this evening
39 We already (finish) the first semester exams
40 Mr Binh (learn) Chinese at school, but he (forget) most of it
41 We (have) a party next Sunday Would you like (come)?
42 While my sister and I (watch) a movie on TV last night, our uncle in the USA (phone)
43 Please continue your work; We don’ clockt mind (wait)
44 Ha Long Bay in Viet Nam (be) a World Herritage Site It (visit) by millions of people every year
45 If Mr Lam (go) to Paris next week, he (see) the Eiffel Tower
46 I myself (witness) an accident on the Main Road yesterday A boy (knock) down by a car Then he (take) to the nearest hospital
47 Most of the Earth’ clocks surface (cover) by water
48 The first festival (hold) nearly eight hundred years ago
49 There’ clocks someone behind us I think we (follow)
50 An interesting book (read) by Lan at the moment
51 This bike (use) for more than six years
52 Nowadays, many historical places (destroy) seriously
53 A new text book (publish) next month
54 The Eiffel Tower is in Paris It (visit) by millions of people every year
55 Since the 1980s more and more paper (recycle)
56 Tet holiday in Viet Nam (celebrate) around January and February
57 Last night when we (visit) him, he (do) an experiment on the upstair
58 I (not see) your uncle recently - No He (not go) out since he (buy) a new color television
59 Look! The athletes (march) proudly behind their flag
60 She (not see) that film before
61 Listen! Why they (cry)? What (happen) to the?
62 As soon as her mother (come) home, all her friends (call) her
63 She (come) to see you if she arrives here
64 When I was younger , I (play) football but now I don’ clockt
65 I (work) on a farm once and had to get up at 5 every morning It was difficult at first as I (not get up) so early
66 Cuckoos (not build) nests They (use) the nests of other birds
67 I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong
68 I wish that dog (lie down) He (keep) jumping up on my feet I (think) he (want) to go for a walk
69 I (lie) in the beach when the phone (ring) It (stop) after a few rings
70 It (be) cold when we (leave) the house that day, and a light snow (fall)
71 I (walk) along the street when I suddenly (feel) something hit me in the back I (not know) what it was
72 When I (see) the man, he (stand) outside the bank He (have)a cap on
73 When I (open) the cupboard door, a pile of books (fall) out
74 I can’ clockt help (feel) anxious about her study
75 Most people prefer (ride) to (walk)
Dạng 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc, sử dụng thì thích hợp
Bài 1:
1 She (not drink) coffee She (drink) Coca Cola
2 It (be) often hot in the summer
3 What you (do) every evening?
4 The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days
5 I (see) her very often
6 Most rivers (flow) into the sea
7 Vegetarians (not eat) meat
8 Bees (make) honey
9 Rice (not grow) in cold climates
10 Where Martin (come) from? – 9 He (be) Scottish
Bài 2: Nien (1) (be) Hoa’ clocks next-door neighbor in Hue She (2) (be) beautiful She (3) (have) big brown eyes and a lovely smile Last week, she (4) (go) to Ha Noi (5) (visit) Hoa They (6) (travel) around the city and (7) (see) a lot of interesting places Nien (8) (think) Ha Noi (9) (be) beautiful but so noisy and busy, so she (10) (not like) (11) (live) there
Bài 3:
1 Bad driving (cause) many accidents
2 Nga and Hoa (see) a movie tonight
3 Sue can (speak) Vietnamese very well
4 Mozart (write) more than 600 pieces of music
5 How - you - (learn) to drive? – 9 My father (teach) me
6 We usually (go) to the library three times a week, but last week we (go) twice
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7 Alexander Graham Bell (introduce) the telephone in 1876
8 Yesterday I (be) busy, so I (not have) time to phone you
9 What - you - (do) next summer vacation?
- I (visit) my grandparents in Nha Trang
10 Would you like (come) to dinner tomorrow?
Bài 4:
1.They (award) him a medal for bravery last year
2 Mr Brown used (play) football when he (be) young
3 - you - (go) out last night?
5 Last night I (go) to bed late Suddenly I (hear) a noise I (get) up to see what it (be) but I (not see) anything
6 What - you - (use) to do in your free time? – 9 I used (go) fishing
7 Martha (phone) me yesterday She’ clocks on holiday in France She (have) a great time and (not want) to come back
8 My parents used (live) in Hue They (be) born and (grow) up there In 1969, they (move) to Da Nang and then to Saigon At present we (live) in a small house in Ho Chi Minh City
Bài 5:
Although I (1) (have) a car, I prefer (2) (travel) by train, especially if I have to (3) (make) a long journey As the train (4) (travel)
at full speed through the countryside, I can (5) (relax), drink a coffee, read a book, or just (6) (look) out of the window, sometimes the movement of the train (7) (keep) me asleep, something you couldn’ clockt do while (8) (drive) a car The trouble (9) (be) that I hate (10) (wait) in cold stations, and I (11) (get) angry when I have to waste time on (12) (look) for a taxi or a bus at the beginning or the end of my journey
Bài 6:
1 It’ clocks difficult (climb) this mountain
2 You must (take) an umbrella It (rain) now
3 When I was a child, I used (spend) hours playing with a tin box
4 In England the sun (not shine) every day
5 Do you remember the film we (see) last week?
6 Everyone stopped (laugh) when we (come)
7 Sandra practices (speak) her English more frequently
8 An is in hospital I (visit) him tomorrow
9 I like (think) carefully about things before (make) a decision
10 Ask him (come) in Don’ clockt keep him (stand) at the door
11 Don’ clockt forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed
12 Did you succeed in (solve) the problem ? Let me (suggest) some solutions
13 Steve used (be) a football player He had to stop (play) because of an injury
14 I prefer (walk) to (ride)
15 Don’ clockt try (persuade) me Nothing can make me (change) my mind
16 Your poem should (write) in English
17 Yesterday afternoon, my father (fix) his motorcycle while my mother (cook) dinner
18 It’ clocks a serious problem I don’ clockt know how it can (solve)
19 The teacher ordered Tom (go) to the blackboard
20 I learned how to swim when I (be) very young I (teach) by my mother
21 He said that his mother (not be) very well, so he can not (go) to the party
22 When we (meet) George and Linda yesterday, we (walk) through the park
23 “What you (do) at eight o’ clockclock last night?”
“We (watch) television
Bài 7:
1 I couldn’ clockt make my car (start) this morning
2 Mr.Robinson enjoys (listen) to music while he (drive)
3 Jane is trying (avoid) (meet) him
4 These tigers used (keep) in iron cages
5 She is said (be) very good at cooking
6 I hate (laugh) at by other people
7 Marie Curie (award) the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903
8 A: (you/ ever/ connect) a printer? B: I (know) how to connect it since I (be) twelve
9 A: Mark (not be) here recently B: Really? When he (go)? A: He (leave) here three months ago
10 A: You (see) the film Harry Potter yet?/B: Yes, I (already/ see) it./A: When you (see) it?/B: I (see) it last month.
A1>Dùng các động từ trong ngoặc ở hiện tại đơn hay hiện tại tiếp diễn
1 Mr Green always (go) to work by bus
2 It (not rain) in the dry season
3 They (have) lunch in the cafeteria now
4 My little sister (drink) milk every day
5 The doctor sometimes (return) home late
6 He (write) a long novel at present
7 Look! The bus (come)
8 The earth (move) around the sun
9 Something (smell) good in the kitchen now
10 They often (thank) me for what I do for them
A 2: Dùng động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn.
1 His uncle (teach) English in our school five years ago
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2 The old man (fall) as he (get) into the bus
3 They (not go) to the movies last Sunday
4 When I saw him, he (sit) asleep in a chair
5 You (find) my fountain pen yesterday?
6 Where she (be) at 5 o’ clockclock this morning?
7 It (take) me 5 minutes to walk to school last year
8 The light (go) out when we (study) our lesson
9 There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday
10 They (give) me the letter a few minutes ago
A3: Chia các động từ sau ở hiện tại hoàn thành
1 They (not speak) to each other since they quarelled
2 I wonder where he (live) since then
3 You already (drink) three cups of tea since I sat here
4 I (wait) here for her since 7 o’ clockclock and she (not come) yet
5 John (do) his homework already
6 We (go) on a picnic in the countryside several times before
A4: Dùng các động từ trong ngoặc ở thì tơng lai hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành
1 Miss Snow (type) ten letters before lunchtime yesterday
2 The train (start) before we arrived at he station
3 There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening
4 The films already (begin) when we got to the cinema
5 He said that he (see) that man before
6 I (take) my borther to the zoo tomorrow
7 Mr Brown died after he (be) ill for a long time
8 You (stay) at home tonight?
9 By December 1st last year, he (work) in the bank for 5 years
10 I (be) twenty years old next June
A5: Dùng thì đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1 Mrs Green (take) Alice to the dentist many times
2 My sister always (wash) her hands before meals
3 Hurry up! The train (come) in
4 I hope it (not rain) when we start early tomorrow
5 He (sleep) so he did not understand what you said to him
6 Will you wait a minute while I (look) through the text?
7 You must tell me what you (do) since I last saw you
8 An economic crisis often (follow) the war
9 You (witness) many things by the time you die
10 So far you (make) no mistakes on this exercise
11 What you (do) at 7 p.m yesterday?
12 We didn’ clockt recognize him He (change) a lot
13 He discovered to his horror that he (eat) a fly
14 Where you (spend) your holiday last year?
15 He (do) nothing before he saw me
16 All of them (sing) when I came
17 She constantly (invite) me to lunch and dine with her once or twice a year
18 Why didn’ clockt you listen while I (speak) to you?
19 They had sold all the books when we (get) there
20 Where are you? – 9 I’ clockm upstairs I (have) a bath
PASSIVE VOICE
I BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
II
2 The pre Continuous S + am/ is/ are + v-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + PP
7 The simple future S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + PP
8 The near future S+ am/ is/ are going to+ bareV S+am/is/are going to+be+PP
9 The Modal verbs S + can/could/may + bare-V S + can/could/may + be + PP
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PASSIVE VOICE
1) A group of students have met their friends at the railway station
2) They didn't allow Tom to take these books home
3) The teacher won't correct exercises tomorrow
4) How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
5) This well-known library attracts many people
6) All students attended the meeting
7) People say that he is intelligent
8) He can't repair my bike
9) Mary has operated Tom since 10 o'clock
10) This is the second time they have written to us about this
11) Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years
12) They didn't look after the children properly
13) Nobody swept this street last week
14) People drink a great deal of tea in England
15) People speak English all over the world
16) Tom was writing 2 poems
17) She often takes her dog for a walk
18) How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
19) She didn't introduce me to her mother
20) Someone had invented electric lights before I was born
21) Farmers usually milk cows twice a day
22) He likes people to call him "sir"
23) People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars
24) Our teacher used to bid us talk in class
25) Don't let other see you
26) Workers were digging a large hole in the ground
27) Before they took exams they had revised their lesson
28) The car knocked a woman down in the street
29) When he came home his father was reading a newspaper
30) Cows were eating grass on the meadow
31) My cousin will meet you at the station
32) She is running her own company
33) Visitors must leave umbrellas and raincoats in the cloakroom
34) My mother used to make us clean the house
35) John hasn't finished his home work
36) They suggested banning advertisements on TV
37) I will shut the door if you like
38) We have just seen a horrible accident
39) What language do people speak in this country?
40) At 7 p.m., Mrs Smith was making cakes
41) He isn't going to buy that house
42) When I was 18 years old my parents didn't allow me to go out in the evening
43) This terrorist has kept 3 hostages for a week
44) He hasn't seen you for years
45) The examiner will read the passage 3 times
46) An earthquake destroyed the town
47) He didn't type the letter last night
48) They will pick me up at my house
49) When did you see him in that bank?
50) My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week
51) A man returned the keys to me
52) Mary will see her friends off at the station
53) You were wearing your new hat when I met you yesterday
54) He is preparing everything for the presidential election
55) Last Friday when I came to Jane's house she had finished all exercises
56) They will have to pull down that building
57) He gave me a knife to cut this bread
58) People usually steal a lot of goods from supermarkets
59) Countries are finding a way to solve the problem
60) He put the letter in the drawer, then he locked it up
61) She can sew 3 shirts a day
62) By the end of this year we will have learnt 2,000 English words
63) Don't ask for another book until you finish this one
64) We consider that she is the best singer
65) Nobody has used this room for ages
66) Her father was planting different kinds of flowers in the garden
67) I am translating an article from English into Vietnamese
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68) The Prime Minister is making a speech at the moment
69) People said he had swallowed a safety pin
70) How many days did she spend finishing the work?
71) Someone is following us
72) She read the letter again and again last night
73) The doctor pulled out one of my teeth yesterday morning
74) The tailor has just made a new suit for me
75) Someone saw him pick up the gun
76) He has caught a lion and shot 2 others
77) He received a letter from home by the evening post
78) I put the 5 pound note into one of my books yesterday
79) After he had told a story, we clapped our hands
80) His wife usually brings him sandwiches at lunch time
81) They were continually asking questions
82) We have to pick fruit very early in the morning
83) How many books do you give me?
84) He always lost keys
85) The light went out while I was making a cup of tea
86) When she went to Barcelona she learnt some Spanish
87) The State will assign our students to different jobs
88) The Government launched the blood drive
89) The students of chemistry made many experiments last week
90) When will you do the work?
91) My brother has sent me this interesting book
92) She asked her mother to let her go
93) He couldn't find his key
94) She used to pull my hat over my eyes
95) For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand
96) A pair of robins have built a nest in the porch since last week
97) The police haven't found the murderer yet
98) They sold one of her own paintings at $1,000
99) I will put your gloves back in your drawer
100) Have you seen Philip lately?
101) When did you receive my letter?
102) Mr Speed is dictating 3 letters to Ann
103) I found the book boring
104) Jack felled a tree in the garden yesterday
105) When I came back home my mother was preparing lunch
106) The house was dirty because we hadn't cleared it for weeks
107) People say that they bought this shop last year
108) He wants her to write an article
109) My parents encouraged me to apply for this job
110) A 70-year old pensioner, Mrs Parker, found a puma in her back garden
111) A teacher should be a person that everyone can respect
112) If I collected a lot of shells on the beach I would give you some
113) People believed that the policeman had saved many children from the fire
114) European countries decided to put a high tax on petrol
115) People say that the decision imposes tight restrictions on cross-border trade
116) My sister often makes me do the washing up
117) The policeman allows all vehicles to go when traffic lights are green
118) Everyone believes him right
119) We made her head of the class
120) They were carrying the injured player off the field
121) I like you to take photographs
122) Haven't you yet found out information about the trains to Hanoi?
123) Peter advised me not to sell this flat
124) He urged the Government to pass the law
125) She decided to paint her house blue
126) My classmates used to call me John
127) Mr Brown will appoint Tom the director tomorrow
128) You should pay more attention to your study
129) He heard the bell ring
130) Did anyone take English books away?
131) The major ordered the soldiers to march
132) Before we gave you our decision we had thought carefully
133) Do people use milk for making butter and cheese?
134) Did they build that house in 1972?
135) They didn't invite me to the birthday party
136) The teacher will give her a prize if she works well
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137) People said that he could swim across this river
138) The policeman showed you the way to Thule zoo
139) He won't tell me the truth about the situation
140) They can see the valley from the top of this hill
141) All the students choose him the monitor
142) You must wash your hands
143) My favorite football team hasn't won many matches so far this season
144) My father has used this bicycle for 5 years
145) The government is taking measures to attract foreign investment
146) Someone broke into her house last night
147) How do you spend this amount of money?
148) Pauld didn't tell me the ending of the story
149) She needs English for her work
150) Have you seen any good films so far?
151) They didn't see you at the bus stop
152) How did you break your leg?
153) My dog is attacking the postman
154) I couldn't catch any fish
155) Mrs White was drawing diagrams on the blackboard
156) Most of the boys listened to the teacher attentively
157) She promised not to report me to the police
158) I believed one of the dogs had discovered some cannabis
159) The cashier used to do the accounts
160) The computer can do all the accounts
161) My dictionary doesn't give any example of this word
162) The local council decided to rebuild the house opposite the college
163) She asked me to lend her $10
164) She is going to buy a cookery book
165) The policeman is sticking a parking ticket to the windscreen
166) All the tourist guides can speak at least 3 foreign languages
167) Mr Nam gives lectures in universities everyday
168) How do you make a survey?
169) I found this baby bird at the foot of a tree
170) She couldn't catch his name
171) I needn't wind this watch
172) They were watching her on closed circuits TV
173) They can't carry the piano upstairs
174) He often sends postcards to his mother
175) Daisy is hanging all the washing out
176) Why did people think Halloween was important?
177) Why don't you write a novel?
178) He saw you shopping
179) Will you post this letter on the way to work?
180) Children should teat old men with respect
181) She is taking care of the baby girl
182) He immediately accepted his guilt
183) I am sure that I will prepare everything carefully
184) I advise my sister to put her moneybox under the carpet
185) How many ways can you solve this problem?
186) He gave the magazine back to me
187) Tom borrowed her book and lost it
188) Someone turned on a light and opened the door
189) Lan left her bag in the classroom
190) Some students haven't submitted their assignments to the teacher on time
191) They brought their children up in Italy
192) After 10 minutes he will call us in
193) They are repairing my piano now
194) You must keep dogs outside shops
195) The postman usually leaves letters in the hall
196) You can't wear this shirt because it is very small
197) The government is launching an anti - smuggling campaign
198) He can speak 4 foreign languages
199) She used to make cloth puppets
INDIRECT SPEECH
I DIRECT SPEECH:
1 Statement: ( Câu thông báo, gồm câu khẳng định và câu phủ định)
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a Affirmative: Jason said, " Tom has worked here since last year."
Negative : I don't like that house", she said.
2 Questions:
a Yes- No question: Are you tired?", Tom asked me./ Do you work here?", Tom asked.
b Wh/ How- questions: " When did you go to bed last night?", the policeman asked him.
" How long have you been there?", Jason asked
3 Command and request: Go away!", she told us — " Open the door, please", she requested.
4 Exclamation: How intelligent he is!", she said — " What a lovely garden!"
II INDIRECT SPEECH:
1.1 Indirect speech thường dùng để kể lại, thuật lại lời nói của người khác
1.2 Reporting verbs:
E.g a " Where did you go last night?", Mary asked John.
Mary asked John where he had gone the night before.
( Khi reporting verb(s) ở present / future thì chúng ta thay đổi ừ liên quan đến người; khi reporting verb(s) ở quá khứ, chúng ta phải thay đổi tenses, persons, adverbs và đôi khi cả động từ)
b - I shall come back to this restaurant ", he said.
E.g He has said that he will come back to that restaurant.
He said that he would come back to that restaurant.
1.3 Changing persons:
I → he/ she; me/you → him/her; my → his/ her
We → they ; us → them; our → their
Mine → his/hers ; our → theirs ; myself → himself/herself
1.4 Changing tenses:
* General rule : “ We have to go one tense back if reporting verb is at a past tense”.
1 Present → Past ; 2 Past → Past perfect ; 3 Future → Future in the Past
* Present perfect → Past perfect * Future perfect → Modal perfect (would have V3/Ved)
* can → could/ may → might / have to, has to → had to/
* must → had to or must ( deduction or possibility):
→ He said that George must be a fool to behave like that.
* mustn’t (prohibition) → mustn’t / couldn’t :
→ The guard said we mustn’t / couldn’t cross the border
* needn’t → didn’t have to, needn’t
→ The boss said that I needn’t/ didn’t have to come in the next day.
* shall (future) → would : “ I shall tell him exactly what I think,” she said
→ She said she would tell him exactly what she thought.
* shall ( offers, suggestions, requests for advice) → should:
- “ Shall I speak to him in person?”, she asked.→ She asked whether she should speak to him in person
Unchanging: would rather/ had better/ should/ ought to/ used to/ had + V3/ conditionals 2,3/ past subjunctive… 1.5 Changing time:
Now → then/ immediately; today → that day; tonight → that night ;
Yesterday → the previous day/ the day before; last night → the night before
Tomorrow → the next day/ the following day; two days ago → two days before/ earlier
The day after tomorrow → two days after The day before yesterday → two days before/ earlier
1.6 Changing adverbs of place:
Here → there ; this place → that place
1.7 Changing verbs: come/ bring → go/ take
* Jason said to me,” I’ll go to your birthday party.” Jason said that he would come to my birthday party
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III HOW TO CHANGE :
1 Statement:
said (to O)
S + told (O) THAT S + V (changed) + ( O/ C/ A) reported …
1 “ I like your dress.”, she said to me → She tells me that she likes my dress.
2 “ I like your dress.”, she said to me → She told me that she liked my dress.
3 “ You haven t learnt’ clock well recently.”, they said to Jason
→ They said to/ told Jason that he hadn t learnt’ clock well recently
IF/ WHETHER: (liệu có hay không.)
1 He asked me," Do you like these trousers?" - He asked me if I liked those trousers.
2 "Will you go to school next Sunday, Jack?" asked Mary
- Mary asked Jack whether he would go to school the next Sunday.
Notes:
a Yes and no are expressed in indirect speech by: subject + appropriate auxiliary verb:
- He said, 'Can you swim?' and I said 'No'
→ He asked (me) if I could swim and I said I couldn't.
-He said, 'Will you have time to do it?' and I said 'Yes'
→ He asked if I would have time to do it and I said that I would
b whether can emphasize that a choice has to be made:
- 'Do you want to go by air or sear the travel agent asked
→ The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
* Note whether or not:
'Do you want to insure your luggage or not?”, he asked
→ He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage or
→ He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
c whether + infinitive is possible after wonder, want to know:
'Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?”, he wondered
→ He wondered whether to wait for them or go on or
→ He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on.
d whether is neater if the question contains a conditional clause as otherwise there would be two ifs.: 'If you get the
job will you move to York?' Bill asked
→ Bill asked whether, if I got the job, I'd move to York.
2.2 Wh- questions:
asked O
S + wondered wh- / how- S +V (ch) + ( O/C/A) wanted to know
* Wh-: Who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which/ when/ where/ why
* How-: How long/ how far/ how often/ how old
1 "Where did you go yesterday?" → I asked her where she had gone the day before.
2 They asked ," How can you repair this machine, John?"
→ They asked John how he could repair that machine.
3."Why did the dog bark violently last night, Daisy?", asked Tom
→ Tom asked Daisy why the dog had barked violently the night
3 COMMAND & REQUEST:
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asked/ told….
S + ordered… + O + ( not) to infinitive…
requested/ advised
* Don t Not to infinitive ’t → Not to infinitive → Not to infinitive
1 The teacher told students," Open your books now."
→ The teacher told students to open their books then/ immediately
2." Don't enter this area.", said the guard to the boys
→ The guard ordered the boys not to enter that area.
4 EXCLAMATION:
4.1
S + exclaimed / said / told (O) that + S + V (ch.) + (O/C/A)
He said, “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful!”
→ He exclaimed/ said that it was a dreadful idea/ was dreadful.
4.2
S + exclaimed/ said / told (O) + what (a/an) adj N (s) + S + V(ch.) + how adj/ adv + S + V (ch.)
He said, “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful!”
→ He said that what a dreadful idea it was/ how dreadful it was.
4.3
S + gave an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ horror/ relief/ surprise…
“ Good.”, he exclaimed → He gave an exclamation of pleasure/ satisfaction.
a Other types of exclamation, such as Good!/ Marvellous! (Tuyệt!)/ Splendid!(Hết sẩy!) Heavens!( Trời ơi!)/ Oh!
(O!)/ Uah!(ghê quá!) etc can be reported as , in (b) or (c) above:
b Note also:
He said, 'Thank you!' = He thanked me.
He said, 'Curse this fog!' = He cursed the fog.( nguyền rủa, chửi rủa)
He said, 'Good luck!' = He wished me luck.
He said, 'Happy Christmas!' = He wished me a happy Christmas.
He said, 'Congratulations!' = He congratulated me.
He said, 'Liar!' = He called me a liar.
He said, 'Damn!'etc = He swore.
The notice said: WELCOME TO WALES' =The notice welcomed visitors to Wales.
NOTES:
1 Had better : She said to Jason,” You’d better arrive on time,”
→ She said that Jason had better arrive on time
→ She advised Jason to arrive on time
2 “ If I were you…” : “ If I were you, I should get another lawyer.”, she said.
→ She said that if she were me, she would get another lawyer (LM, p.291)
→ She advised me to get another lawyer.
→ She told me that I should get another lawyer.
3 “ What about…?” → suggest :
“ What about go camping?”, he continued
→ He suggested going camping.
4 “ Why don’t you…?” → suggest / advise : She asked, “ Why don’t you visit Jane?”
→ She suggested that I (should) visit Jane.
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