Note: câu trực tiếp được viết trong ngoặc kép, và ngăn cách với mệnh đề tường thuật bởi dấu phẩy.. *Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp bao giờ cũng gồm hai phần: -Câu tường thuật/ mệnh đề tư
Trang 1UNIT 13 FESTIVALS
Grammar:
1 COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun – V-ing
Hãy nhận xét cách thành lập tính từ ghép trong ví dụ sau:
- The people who love peace => The peace-loving people
- The story that breaks our heart => The heart-breaking story
Hãy nhận xét cách thành lập danh từ ghép trong ví dụ sau:
- Stamp collecting
- Window shopping
Danh từ ghép có thể được thành lập bởi sự kết hợp giữa một danh từ với một danh động từ
Noun + gerund = compound noun
Ex:
Noun
rice
water
fire
lorry
clothes
Gerund cooking fetching making driving washing
Compound noun rice-cooking water-fetching fire-making lorry-driving clothes washing
2 Causative form (Thể sai khiến)
Subject + have + Object (person) + bare -infinitive Nhờ ai / bảo ai làm gì
Ex: I had my father repair my bicycle yesterday
She will have her son take her to the airport
3 REPORTED SPEECH
*Direct – reported speech: (Câu trực tiếp- Câu gián tiếp)
+Câu trực tiếp: là câu nói được thuật lại đúng nguyên văn lời của người nói
VD:Tom said, “I like reading books”
Note: câu trực tiếp được viết trong ngoặc kép, và ngăn cách với mệnh đề tường thuật bởi dấu phẩy.
+Câu gián tiếp: là lời nói được thuật lại với ý và từ của người thuật nhưng vẫn giữ nguyên ý
VD: Tom said he liked reading books
Note: Câu gián tiếp không bị ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép và luôn tận cùng bằng dấu chấm.
*Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp bao giờ cũng gồm hai phần:
-Câu tường thuật/ mệnh đề tường thuật
-Câu trực tiếp hay câu gián tiếp
Tom said, “I like reading books”
MĐ tường thuật câu trực tiếp
Tom said he liked reading books
MĐ tường thuật câu gián tiếp
Trang 2*Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp :
-Đổi ngôi, đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc
1-Đổi ngôi:
-Ngôi thứ nhất: I, me, my, mine, myself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves được đổi theo ngôi của chủ ngữ ở mệnh đề tường thuật
Tom said, “I like reading books”
> Tom said he liked reading books
-Ngôi thứ 2: you, yours, your, yourself, yourselves được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ của mệnh đề
tường thuật
He said to me, “You can take my book”
> He said to me (that) I could take his book”
Ngôi thứ 2 được đổi thành ngôi thứ 3 nếu mệnh đề tường thuật không có tân ngữ
He said, “You can take my book”
> He said she could take his book”
-Ngôi thứ ba: he, him, his, himself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves giữ nguyên
VD: Mai said, “They can’t finish their homework”
> Mai said they couldn’t finish their homework”
2-Đổi thì:
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta phải lùi 1 thì :
+Hiện tại đơn
+Hiện tại tiếp diễn
+Quá khứ đơn
+Hiện tại hoàn thành
+Quá khứ tiếp diễn
+Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
+Tương lai thường: Will/ shall
+Tương lai hoàn thành
+Qúa khứ hoàn thành
+Các câu điều kiện
+ Is/am/are going to do
+ Can/may/must do
>Quá khứ đơn >Quá khứ tiếp diễn >Quá khứ hoàn thành
>Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn >Tương lai trong quá khứ : Would/ should >would/ could + have + V-pII…
> không đổi > không đổi
- Was/were going to do
- Could/might/had to do Hãy xem những ví dụ sau đây:
He does
He is doing
He has done
He has been doing
He did
He did
He was doing
He has done
He had been doing
He had done
Trang 3He was doing
He had done
He will do
He will be doing
He will have done
He may do
He may be doing
He can do
He can have done
He must do/have to do
He had been doing
He had done
He would do
He would be doing
He would have done
He might do
He might be doing
He could do
He could have done
He had to do
Các thay đổi khác:
Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi như bảng sau:
ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNGTRỰC TIẾPGIÁN TIẾP
Đại từ
nhân xưng Chủ ngữ Iwe he, shethey
Tân ngữ me him, her
Đại từ
sở hữu
Phẩm định my his, her
Định danh mine his, her
yours theirs
3-Đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn:
This
These
Here
Now
Ago
Today
Tonight
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Last night/ week/ month/ year
Next week/ month/ year
So far / up to now
That Those There Then/ at one/ immediately
Before That day That night
The next/ following day
The day before/ the previous day The night/ week/ month/ year before hoặc the previous night…
The following week/ month/ year
-> Up to then
Trang 4*Các dạng câu trực tiếp chuyển sang câu gián tiếp:
1-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu phát biểu:
*Cách chuyển:
-Lặp lại từ said/ say
-Bỏ ngoặc kép, bỏ dấu phẩy thay bằng that
-Thay đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, ngôi cho phù hợp với nghĩa của câu (nếu có)
*Công thức:
Trực tiếp: S + said, “ Clause”
>Gián tiếp: S + said + (that) Clause (lùi thì)
VD: Lan said: “I am a student”
>Lan said (that) she was a student
2-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu cầu khiến, câu mệnh lệnh:
*Cách chuyển:
-Đổi động từ say >tell, said >told, sau đó thêm tân ngữ vào sau nó
-Bỏ dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép, dấu chấm than, từ please (nếu có)
-Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết)
*Công thức:
+Khẳng định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “V…”
>Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V…….
VD: She said, “Close the books, please!”
>She told the students to close the books
+Phủ định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V…”
>Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V…….
VD: She said, “Don’t sit down!”
>She told me not to sit down
II-practice:
I Matching
Nấu cơm
Nhóm lửa
Lấy nước
Leo núi
Xây nhà
Cắm hoa
arranging- flowers water- fetching house - building rice - cooking fire - making mountain - climbing
II Match the following setences in column A and the use the words in the box to fill in the suitable blanks in column B.
1 Thank to the invention of the it is a
2 Don’t come near that animal because would you like to go on a with me to Da
Lat?
3 I want to make my shirt quickly women have to more free time to enjoy
themselves
4 If you have enough free time, is very strong
III Do the following crossword Look at the clues to help you.
Trang 5a An something we use to control the temperature and humidity of the air
in the room
b A machine: this machine hepls us to make our clothes
Down:
c A machine: we use it to wash clothes
d A teacher: a person whose job is to teach how to dance
e A tiger is a animal
f A tour: a tour on which people visit beautiful places and admire the landscape
g A contest: people cook rice in this contest
IV Chon đáp án đúng:
1) He said to her, “Give up smoking!”
A He told her to give up smoking B He told her not to give up smoking
C He told her if she gave up smoking D He told her to giving up smoke
2) He told them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!”
A He told them not to tell him such a nonsense B He told them to tell him such a
nonsense
C He told them not to tell them such a nonsense D He told them to tell them such a nonsense 3) Will and Tim said, “ We were very happy about the present.”
Will and Tim said they very happy about the present
being
4) Sarah said, “ My Mom takes me to school every day.”
A Sarah said her Mom took her to school every day
B Sarah said her Mom takes her to school every day
C Sarah said my Mom took her to school every day
D Sarah said her Mom takes me to school every day
5) Helen said, “ I’m watching the late night show.”
Helen said the late night show
A they were watching B you watched C she was watching D Helen is watching
V Imperatives : Mệnh lệnh
Affirmative
Imperative
khẳng định
V1 + ……
Mike said to Henry, “Give me my book back, please.”
S+ told / asked B + to + V1 + ……
Mike told Mary to give him his book back
Negative
Imperative
phủ định
Don’t + V1 + ……
"Don't play on the grass, boys,"
she said
S+ told / asked B + not + to + V1 + ……
She asks the boys not to play on the grass
B Practice:
I Change into reported speech: (Affirmative Imperatives: )
He said to me:” Let’s go to the zoo.”
→ ……… ………
She said to the passer-by:” go straight ahead for two blocks and turn left.”
→ ……… ………
She said to her classmate:” Be quiet, please!”
→ ………
Trang 6The teacher said to his student:” Write these sentences.”
→ ……… ………
She said to me:” behave to your parents as your friend tells you.”
→ ……… …
He said to us, "Run more quickly."
→ He ……… ………
The mother said to her son, “ move here, please.”
→ The mother ……… ………
My sister said to me, “ Open the window.”
→ My sister ……… ………
II Change into reported speech: Negative Imperatives:
1 He said to me:” Don’t make a noise.”
→ ……… ………
She said to the passer-by:” Don’t turn left at the two blocks ahead.”
→ ……… ………
She said to her classmate:” Don’t talk in class.”
→ ……… ………
The teacher said to his student:” Don’t touch that new board.”
→ ……… ………
She said to me:” Don’t believe everything your friend tells you.”
→ ……… ………
He said to us, "Don't go too far."
→ He ……… ……
The mother said to her son, “ Don’t put off your coat, please.”
→ The mother ……… …………
My sister said to me, “Don’t open the window.”
→ My sister ……… …
VI Questions in indirect speech
1 Yes / No questions
1 “Do you know My Son, Nga?” Nhi
asked
2 “Is My Son far from Hanoi? Nhi asked
3 He said, “Will you be here tomorrow?”
4 “Is there a post office near here?” she
asked me
1 S+ asked B + if / whether + S + V2 + ……
= Nhi asked Nga if/ whether she knew My Son.
= Nhi asked Nga if/ whether My Son was far from Hanoi.
= He asked if/ whether she would be there the next day.
= She asked me if/ whether there was a post office near there
2 Wh_questions
1 He said, “Where is she going?”
2 He said, “Where does she live?”
3 “Who lives next door?”
2 S+ asked B + Wh- / How + S + V2 + ……
= He asked where she was going.
= He asked where she lived.
= He asked who lived next door.
B Practice:
I Change into reported speech: (Wh- / How questions: )
1 “Where are you going?” Lan asked
Lan asked me……… ……
2 “How far is it from HCM to Vung Tau?” A tourist asked
A tourist asked me……… ………
3 “How many people are there in your family?”
She asked Hoa……… …
4 “How do you go to the airport?”
His friend asked him……… ………
Trang 75 “Where do you learn English?”
She asked Lan………
6 “What aspect of learning English do the students find most difficult?”
The teacher asked me……… ………
7 “What time do schools begin?”
He asked……… ………
8 “How long will you stay in England?”
Tam’s friend asked him………
9 “What do you think about language learning?”
Ba asked his sister……… ……
10 “Why is she crying?”
Thu asked Hoa……… …
II Change into reported speech: (Yes / No questions: )
1 “Do you like sports?”
Hoa asked Lan……… ………
2 “Does Hoa play soccer?”
Lan asked Thu………
3 “Will it rain tomorrow morning?”
She asked her friend………
4 “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?”
Tuan asked Lan………
5 “Do you need an umbrella to go out?” He asked me………
6 “Have you worked here before?” She said to him
………
1 “Do you have to work on Saturday?” she said to him
.………
2 “Does your room have a window?” she asked
.………
3 Would it be alright if I had the day off?” she said to her boss
.………
4 Can you borrow your pen please, HA? She asked
.………
5 he asked me “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”
.………
6 “Do you know where my tennis racquet is, Mum?” she asked her Mum
.………
7 “Was Ha at work yesterday?” she her secretary
.………
8 “Were your children at home last night?” he said
.………
9 “Did you read the article about Prince Diana?” she asked him
.………
VII Change into reported speech:
1 She said:” I can’t find my umbrella.”
→ ………
2 Tom said:” My friend is coming next week.”
→ ……… ………
3 We said:” We shall overcome this difficulty.”
→ ……… ………
4 The boy said to the neighbor:” I’m going on holiday tomorrow.”
→ ……… ………
5 The teacher said to his class:” You will have to finish all these exercises before next week.”
→ ………
Trang 86 Peter said:” I enjoy looking at myself in the mirror.”
→ ………
7 Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock.”
Nam said……… ………
8 Lan said “I will be very busy tomorrow.”
Lan said………
9 Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week.”
Thu said………
10 Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks.”
Phong said……… ………
VIII) A new student ,Paul, has come to a foreign language college and the students are asking him questions
Imagine that he reports these questions later to an English friend
1) “What country do you come from?” said Bill
Bill asked
2) “Can you speak English ? said Ann
Ann
3) “ How long are you staying here ? “ asked Peter
Peter
4) “ Are you working as well as studying ? “ said Linda
Linda
5“What are you going to studying ?” asked Ann
Ann
6) “Do you want to buy any second hand books ? “ said Bill
Bill
7)” What kind of sports do you like best ?” asked Peter
Peter
8) “ Are you interested in acting? “ said Linda
Linda
9) “ Do you like to join our Drama group?” asked Linda
Linda
10) “ What do you think of the canteen coffee ?”asked Ann
Ann
IX Rewrite these sentences:
1 Minh said:” Please buy me a new book, Mom.”
2 Hoa said to her brother:” Please help me with my homework.”
3 I said: “Open your book , please,Miss Nga.”
4 Mr An said:” Please don’t make noise in class, Tom.”
5 “ Keep quiet during class time , Hoa” said Nam
6 He said :” Can you give me a pen , Tom.”
7 “Can you help me with my homework tomorrow? Hoa” Anh said
8 “ Can you turn off the TV , Marry” I said
9 “ Can you retell the story ,Hoa” Lan said
10 She asked Binh:” Could you show me the way to Hoi An ,please.”
Trang 9
11 He said :’ Tan , you should practise speaking English everyday.”
12 She said :” We should read this sentence more carefully, Hung.”
13 “You should prepare your lesson before going to school, Na.” Tam said
14 He said: “ You should spend more time on your English, Miss Lien.”
15 Minh said:” You shouldn’t use your car too much time”
………
* Statements : Câu khẳng định
John said to me “I saw you yesterday”
-> Mary said to me that he had seen me the previous day
-> Mary told me that he had seen me the previous day
I Complete the sentence the reported sentences
1 I do the task -> He said he ……… the task.
2 I am doing the task -> He said he ……… the task.
3 I have done the task -> He said he ……… the task.
4 I did the task -> He said he ……… the task.
5 I had done the task -> He said he ……… the task.
6 I will do the task -> He said he ……… the task.
7 I will be doing the task -> He said he ……… the task.
8 I was doing the task-> He said he ……… the task.
9 I can do the task -> He said he ……… the task.
10 I could do the task -> He said he ……… the task.
11 I met her -> She said she ……… her
12 I can go now -> He said he ……… then
13 The girl looks familiar -> I said the girl ……… familiar
14 Mary was watching TV now -> She said Mary ……… TV then
15 They have left -> She said that they ………
16 She bought a new bicycle -> He said she ……… a new bicycle.
17 She would do that if she could -> I said she ……… that if she
18 We are playing games -> The children said they ……… games.
19 I had done that before yesterday afternoon -> she said she ……… The before
yesterday afternoon
20 I don’t like her ->He said he ……… her.
21 I don’t know him -> She said she ……… him
22 I can help you -> He said he ……… me.
23 I haven’t finished my exercises -> he said that he ……… his exercises.
24 I will phone you later -> He said he ……… her later.
25 I nust go now ->he said he ……… then.
II Complete the sentences
1 I like you -> She said to me she liked ………
2 I love you -> He said to her he loved ……….
3 I should go out -> He said to them ……….
4 You should tell me the truth about the plan
a He told me to tell ……… the truth about the plan
b I advise you to tell ……… The truth about the plan
5 Your house is nice but ours is nicer
a They said to me that ……… House was nice but ……… was nicer
b They said to her that ……… house was nice but ……… was nicer
c We said to them that ……… house was nice but ………… was nicer
d We said to him that ……… house was nice but ………… was nicer
6 This is my son -> She said that was ……… son
7 You should go out -> He said to me ………should go out
Trang 108 You should go out -> She said to him ………should go out
9 You should go out -> he said to her………should go out
10 You should go out -> she said to them………should go out.
III Report the following STATEMENTS
1 The BBC announcer said “The new underpass is being officially opened tomorrow”
………
2 Miss Linda said “This is the first time I’ve been to this place”
………
3 They said “We have a lift but very often it does not work”
………
4 The builders explained “We like working on Sundays because we get doubled pay”
………
5 They said “We live here in Marsden Street”
………
6 The instructor said “We will have to finish the job”
………
7 They said to us “We’re arriving at your house at nine”
………
8 Marry said “You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London
………
9 He said to me “You are looking much better”
………
10 He said “Ann will be in Paris on Monday”
………
11 He said “I can’t find my hat”
………
12 He said “I’ll be using the car myself on the 24th
………
13 He said “I’m going to the cinema tomorrow”
………
14 He said “I’m living in Paris now”
………
15 He said “My wife has been made a judge”
………
16 He said “She is coming this week”
………
17 I said to him “Your car has been stolen”
………
18 She said “My father died a year ago”
………
19 She said “He couldn’t understand me well”
………
20 She said to me “I’ll come as soon as I can”
………
21 The soldiers said proundly “We’re willing to die for this country”
………
22 They said “We’ll fight for peace until our last breath”
………
23 She said “We were thinking of selling the house but we have decided not to”
………