REVISION E8: Unit 1-71.The simple present tense Thì hiện tại đơn: Dùng để diễn tả: - Một thói quen, hành động thường xảy ra ở hiện tại - Một chân lí hay một sự thật hiển nhiên.. *Thì h
Trang 1REVISION (E8: Unit 1-7)
1.The simple present tense (Thì hiện tại đơn): Dùng để diễn tả:
- Một thói quen, hành động thường xảy ra ở hiện tại
- Một chân lí hay một sự thật hiển nhiên
*Thì hiện tại đơn còn dùng để biểu đạt ý tương lai khi nói về kế hoạch làm việc, một thời gian biểu…(lịch trình của các phương tiện chuyên chở công cộng, lịch chiếu phim….)
Ex: The plane leaves Ho Chi Minh at 11:30
a/ Cách chia:
* Note: - I/ We/ You/ They + V0 / do(not) - He/ She/ It + V(s/es) / does(not)
- I/ We/ You/ They : have – He/ She/ It : has
b/ V_s/es :
- V tận cùng = o, s, ch, x, z, sh (ông sao sáng chiếu xuống zòng shông): + es
Ex: do – does, watch – watches, fix – fixes
- V tận cùng = phụ âm + y : bỏ y ,+ ies
Ex: try – tries, carry – carries, study – studies
- V tận cùng = 1 nguyên âm + y: +s Ex:obey – obeys, play – plays
c/ Cách đọc âm S,ES: Có 3 cách:
- /S/ khi S đứng sau: K, T, P, F ( kiến thở pì fò ) Ex: looks, stops
- /IZ/ khi S/ES đứng sau: S, X, Z, CH, SH, CE, GE,SE
Ex: watches, arranges - /Z/ những trường hợp còn lại Ex: runs, smiles d/ Key words: every, always, usually, often , sometimes………
1’ Thì hiện tại đơn của To BE + S + BE + ……… Ex: I am a student - S + BE + not + ………… He isn’t good at English ? ( Wh_) + BE + S + ……… Where are they now ? Note: I am(not) – He/ She/It: is(not) – We/ You/ They: are(not) EXERCISES: I.Add “s”,”es” to the verbs and put them into the right columns Make, annoy, seem, rise, agree, arrange, conduct, demonstrate, emigrate, transmit, appear, escape, graze, look, own, tie, highlight, spell, underline, wash, brush, watch, erase, fix /s/ /iz/ /z/
II Use the present simple of the verbs in brackets
1 The sun(rise) ……… in the east
2 Water (boil) ……… at 100 degrees Celsius
3 Silver (be) ……… cheaper than gold
4 Spiders (have) ……… six legs
5 The River Amazon (flow) ……… into the Atlantic Ocean
6 She (have) ……… long hair
7 Jet engines (make) ……….a lot of noise
8 I (not live)………in Ha Noi, I ( live )………in Ho Chi Minh
9 The sea ( cover) ………two- thirds of the world
10 She usually ( read)……… books before going to bed
11 Loud music ( give)……… me a headache
12 We ( not come ) …………from Canada We (come) …………from USA
13 Mr Long(work)…from Monday to Friday, he (not work )… at weekends
14 They ( go )……… to work six days a week
III.Turn the following sentences into the negative and the interrogative form
1 He has breakfast at 7 a.m
2 The children like sweets
Trang 23 Mary finishes work at half past four.
4 John worries about Jane
5 We are in class 8
2/ The present progressive tense (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
S + am / is / are + V-ing → S + am / is / are + not + V-ing.
→ (Wh_) + Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing?
Ex: I’m reading a book now / He’s having a party on his birthday
* Dùng để diễn tả: Hành động / sự việc đang diễn ra ở hiện tại; hành động sắp xảy ra được hoạch định ở tương lai
gần (Một số trạng từ chỉ thời gian: now, right now, at present, at the moment, this week / month / … )
3/ Present perfect tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành):
Ex: I haven’t lived here since 1999 / She has learned English for 3 years
* Dùng để diễn tả hành động / sự việc: đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ (không rõ thời gian) vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện
tại và có thể xảy ra ở tương lai; vừa mới xảy ra (Một số trạng từ / giới từ: just - vừa mới; already - rồi; recently / lately - mới đây / gần đây, (not) … yet - chưa; ever - có bao giờ; never - chưa bao giờ; since - từ khi; for - trong
khoảng; …)
4, The simple past tense(Thì quá khứ): dùng để diễn tả
- Một thĩi quen ở quá khứ
- Hành động hồn tất vào một thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ
a/ cách chia:
(-) S + didn’t + V 0 + O He didn’t go to school yesterday.
b/ V_ed (những động từ cĩ qui tắc)
- V 1 vần, cĩ 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm : gấp đơi phụ âm + ed Ex: stop – stopped
- V 2 vần, nhấn âm 2, tận cùng = 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm : gấp đơi phụ âm + ed
Ex: admit – admitted, transmit - transmitted - V tận cùng = phụ âm + y : bỏ y ,+ ied Ex: try – tried, carry – carried - V tận cùng = 1 nguyên âm + y: +ed Ex:obey – obeyed, play – played c/ cách phát âm ED /id/ khi ed đứng sau t, d (tiền đơ) Ex: awarded, invented /t/ khi ed dứng sau ch , x, gh, c, f, k, p, s, sh, (chàng xuống ghềnh cĩ fà khơng phải sợ sơng shâu) Ex: looked, washed,changed /d/ những trường hợp cịn lại Ex: received, covered d/ Key words : last, yesterday, ago; ,once, once upon a time (ngày xưa), when + S + V (simple past) … 4’ Thì quá khứ đơn của To BE + S + was/ were + ……… Ex: I was tired this morning - S + was/ were + not + ………… He wasn’t good at English last year ? (Wh_) + was/ were + S + ……… Where were they yesterday ? Note: I/He/ She/It: was – We/ You/ They: were EXERCISES :
I Add ”ed” to the verbs and put them into the right columns use, appear, stay, stop, graze, need, fit, escape, decide, ask, live, own, marry, want, annoy, seem, agree, arrange, conduct, demonstrate, emigrate, transmit, look, tie, highlight, spell, underline, wash /d/ /t/ /id/
I / You / We / They + have
He / She / It + has + V-ed/3 + O haven’t
hasn’tS + + V-ed/3 + O (Wh_) + Have / Has + S + V-ed/3 + O?
Trang 3II.Use the past simple of the verbs in brackets
1 Lan (get) ……… a letter from Lien last week
2 Mai and Long (go)………to Ha noi with their parents yesterday
3 I(meet)………Nam last week and he ( introduce) ………his friends to me
4 They( live ) ………there 5 years ago
5 We (speak)……… English badly last year
6 Her mother (leave) ……… this city two years ago
7 I’m sorry I (not see)……… you yesterday
8 She (receive)……… a letter from her old friend last night
9 They (award)……… him a medal for bravery last year
10 Mr Brown used to play football when he (be)……… young
12 A G Bell (invent)……… the telephone
13 Last night I (watch)……… the movie Romeo and Juliet
14 He (be)………… very surprised when he (look)……… at himself in the mirror yesterday
15 We(have)……… a great time in England together last year
16 We are very sad because our dog (die)……… last night
17 We really (enjoy)………ourselves last Sunday
18 Nobody (help)……… Thanh to repair his bike this morning
19 We (be)………late for school because of the heavy rain last Monday
20 She usually (fall) ………and (hurt)…………herself when she was a child
21 They (buy) ……….a new car yesterday
III.Turn the following sentences into the negative and the interrogative form
1 I did my English homework last night
2 Lan wrote English words this morning
3 Mrs Lien lived in Hai Phong with her husband 2 years ago
4 They visited their grandparents yesterday
5 He was the best student in his class last year
+ S + BE going to + V 0 … Ex: I’m going to do my homework tonight.
- S + BE + not + going to + V 0 … He isn’t going to buy that house.
? (WH_) + BE + S + going to + V 0 …? What are you going to do next Sunday?
a/ Note: I: am ; He/ She/ It: is ; We/ You/ They: are
b/ Key words: tomorrow, next, tonight………
I
Use the verbs in brackets with “be going to”
1 I (travel)……… ……… to Hanoi by plane
2 We (not go)……….……… shopping next Sunday
3 He ( play)……… ………… …………table tennis this evening
4 Our friends ( meet)………… ……… us at the airport tonight
6 Hoa love children She (be)……… a teacher
8 Nam and Ba( visit)………… ……… their grandmother tomorrow
II Use given words, write the following sentences( to be going to+ v)
1 He intends to pay for the damage
He is
2 She has announced her intention to retire
She is ………
3 I have no intention of going to her birthday party
I’m not………
4 It is intended that production will start at the end of the month
Production is ………
5 Lan / visit her classmates / this Sunday
………
6 My parents / buy a color TV / next week
………
7 Linh and I / go to see a movie / tomorrow
Trang 48 They / build / a new house / next year
………
9 His children / play marbles / this afternoon
………
6/ Enough + to-infinitive : (đủ … để có thể)
*Note: too…………to V (quá………không thể)
inf.
1 Mary is just 6 years old She can’t go to school alone
Mary isn’t………
2 My sister is old She can drive a car
My sister is ………
3 This coat isn’t warm I don’t wear it in winter
This coat isn’t………
4 Mr Robinson isn’t rich He can’t buy a house
Mr Robinson isn’t ………
5 The tea isn’t strong It won’t keep us awake
The tea isn’t ………
6 The worker is clever He can make fine things from wood
The worker is ………
7 The weather was fine We could go camping
The weather was ………
8 The little boy is not strong He can’t lift the suitcase
The little boy isn’t ………
9 Do the test carefully! We have plenty of time
We have ………
10 Do you want to pass your exams? Work hard enough!
You have to work
11 He spoke slowly Everyone could understand
He spoke ………
12 We have experience We can do the job
We have ………
13 The movie is very interesting and we want to see it again
The movie is ………
14 The food was delicious, so I ate a lot
The food was ……… ………
15 Are you tall? Can you reach that picture?
Are you tall……….?
16 Bao is too young to drive to school
Bao isn’t………
17 The mountain is very high and we can’t climb it
The mountain isn’t………
18 Nam couldn’t lift the box because he was weak
Nam wasn’t………
7/ Reflexive pronouns:
Đại từ phản thân dùng để nhấn mạnh, diễn tả ý tự mình làm cho mình
- Được dùng như túc từ của một động từ (ex: I cut myself)
- Được dùng sau một động từ + giới từ (ex: He spoke to himself)
- Được dùng dể nhấn mạnh danh từ hay đại từ(exAnn herself opened the door)
Personal pronouns Reflexive pronouns
You yourselves
Trang 5He himself They themselves She herself
myself,ourselves,youself,yourselves,herself,himself,themselves, itself.
1 We protect from the rain with an umbrella
2 Both boys taught ………to swim
3 You will cut with that knife if you are not careful
4 She likes to look at ……….in the mirror
5 The boy is not old enough to get dressed
6 The dog hurt when it jumped over the fence 7 John and I enjoyed ………very much at the party last night 8 I must learn to control
9 Did you do your tests ? Yes, we did 10 My sister often looks at ……… in the mirror 11.Mark made ……… a sandwich 12 This refrigerator defrosts ………
13.Hoa and I ……… saw that accident yesterday 14.Did you pay for ………?
15.The children can look after ……… for a few days 16 Please help me I can’t do it ………
17.Look! There's a little bird washing ……… in the river 18.You mustn't blame ……… It wasn't your fault 19.They did it ……… without any help 20.OK team You've -won the match Now it's time to enjoy ………
21.Let's introduce ……… to those girls over there 22.Mary's brother is going crazy He's always shouting at ………
23.Please take care of ………
24.You and Max should be able to do all of the work by………
25.My new oven automatically cleans ………
26.It was Mary ……… who met him in the park 27.No one helped Thanh to repair his bike.-Thanh………(himself) 8/ Modals: must/ have to/ought to/should + V 0 *Must, have to: (phải) chỉ sự cần thiết, bắt buộc làm điều gì.Trong một vài ngữ cảnh “must” và “have to” có nghĩa khác nhau: - must : người nói đưa ra quyết định. Ex: Mother: You must wipe your feet when you come in
- have to : người khác đưa ra quyết định. Ex: Small boy: I have to wipe my feet every time I come in Thì Thể + - ? Tươn g lai must S + must + V0 S+mustn’t +V0 Must + S +V0 ?
have to S+shall/will+have to+V0 S+shan’t/won’t+have to+V0 shall/will+S+ have to+ V0 ?
Hiện tại must S + must + V0 S+mustn’t +V0 Must + S +V0 ?
have to S +have to+V0 S+don’t/doesn’t+have to+V0 Do/ Does+S +have to+V0 ?
Quá khứ had to S +had to+V0 S +didn’t+have to+V0 Did+S +have to+V0…? *Ought to/ should: (nên, phải nên) dùng để nói điều đúng, điều tốt nhất cần làm.(các hình thức giống nhau có thể được dùng ở tương lai, hiện tại và ở quá khứ khi trước nó là 1 động từ ở thì quá khứ.) + S + ought to/ should +V 0 I ought to write to him today/tomorrow. - S + oughtn’t to/ shouldn’t +V 0 She said I oughtn’t make a noise ? ought + S + to V…? – should+S+V 0 ? Should they go home early ? EXERCISES: Rewrite the sentences 1 It isn’t necessary for you to water that tree everyday - You don’t………
2 He stays up too late and he is always tired in the morning - He should………early 3 It’s better for us to save water -> We should ………
4 Don’t stay up late every night -> You shouldn’t ………
5 Don’t tell lies in any case
Trang 6-> You mustn’t ……… ………
6 Don’t talk in class!
-> You should……… ………
7 Is it necessary for me to clean the table?
- Do I
8 You aren’t allowed to make noise here
- You mustn’t ………
9 It’s better for you to review what you have learned
- You should ……….………
10 I advise you to keep your house clean and tidy
-You ought ………
9/ Prepositions of time
In : tháng/ năm/ mùa/ buổi (note: at night)
On : ngày/ thứ/ tháng+ngày/ tháng+ngày+năm/thứ+buổi
At : giờ
Before (trước khi), after (sau khi), between….and…(giữa…và…), from…to…(từ…đến…)
Exercises: Fill in each blank with the right preposition
1.I'll see you 7.00 the morning
2.Mary was born December 25
3.The party will start seven o'clock the evening
4.It often rains July
5.What subjects do you have Monday ?
6.They have to go home 6 o'clock because there is the 6 o'clock news
7.Please come here 7 a.m and 8 a.m
8.She was born 1980
9.Dogs often bark night
10.What do you often do the summer ?
11.I play games Sunday afternoon
12 Jone often goes swimming Saturday
13 The meeting will last 7 a.m 5p.m
14.She will be 13 her next birthday
15.We are playing chess the moment
16.My birthday is September 13th
17.The party will start seven o'clock the evening
10/ Adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn):
Thường đứng cuối mệnh đề và đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian (here - ở đây; there - ở kia; outside - ở bên ngoài; inside - ở bên trong; upstairs - ở tầng trên; downstairs - ở tầng dưới; around - quanh; out of the window - ở
ngoài cửa sổ …) Ex: Come and sit here
EXERCISE: Choose the best answer
1.Come ,please ! ( there/here/inside)
2.I'm downstairs but he is ( outside/upstairs/here)
3.Please go and buy some snack! ( inside/here/downstairs)
4.Be careful or you may fall ( upstairs/inside/downstairs)
5.If it is very cold, you can go the classroom ( inside/there/outside)
11/ Why - Because:
E.g: Why were you late for class this morning?
→ Because I went to school on foot
EXERCISES: Make up question with “why ” and then answer them.
1 Ba didn’t work hard so he failed the exam
………
2 The shops were closed so Minh didn’t get any milk
………
Why + tobetrợ V + S … ? → Because + clause (S + V + O)
Trang 73 The headmaster was ill so Mai went in his place
………
4 It rained all day and night so they didn’t go to the beach
………
5 His car broke down on the way to the railway station so MR Nam missed the train to Ha Noi
………
6 Ba didn’t have a city map so he got lost
………
7 Nam was sick so he is absent today
………
8 Hoa practice speaking English all the time so she can speak English fluently
………
9 Mrs Hoa loves children very much so she want to be a teacher
………
10 Lan worked very hard for the exam so she got good marks
………
12/ USED TO (thường, đã từng): diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ.
e.g: - I used to live in HCM city → S + USED TO + Vinf + O
- I didn’t use to like milk, but now I like it S + didn’t + USE TO + Vinf + O
- Did you use to go there ? → Did + S + USE TO + Vinf + O?
NOTE: Used to # Get / Be used to
* Used to + V o : đã từng, đã thường
Ex: I used to smoke, but I gave up 2 years ago.
(quen với) V_ing I’m used to getting up early
I Complete the sentences
1 I get up at 5:30 every day, so I’m used to _ early
2 She’s German, so she’s not used to on the left yet
3 They are used to in a big house
4 I come from a big family, so I’m used to with my brothers and sisters
5 My father is often away on business, so I’m used to only _ my mother at home
6 I haven’t lived in the country for very long, so I’m not used to _ miles to the nearest shop
7 The children went to boarding school, so they are used to _ away from home
8 He travels a lot for work, so he’s used to _
9 As the oldest child, she’s used to after other children
10 I’m new in this job, so I’m not used to _ people what to do
II Choose the correct answer.
1 - I'm not used to up this early.(get, getting)
2 - I used to a lot.(read, reading)
3 - You'll have to get used to on the right when you live there (drive, driving)
4 - I didn't use to it, but I do now.(like, liking)
5 - I found it hard to get used to in such a hot country.(live, living)
6 - Where did you use to when you visited?(stay, staying)
7 - It took me a while to get used to the language.(speak, speaking)
8 - I used to hard when I was a student.(work, working)
9 - Have you got used to it yet?(do, doing)
10 - I'm not used to so much tea.(drink, drinking)
11 My mother used to/ is used to cook on Sundays
Trang 812 Didn't you use to swim/ swimming?
13 I didn't use to watch/ watching this much TV.
14 You will used to/ be used to noisy children soon.
15 Allison used to be/ being my best friend.
16 used to smoke/ smoking 10 cigarettes a day.
17 I was used to seeing/ see sunshine in Hawaii.
18 Are you used to eat/ eating spicy food?
19 My brother is used to get up/ getting up early for school.
20 Did you use/ used to eat meat?
13/ Adverbs of manner (Trạng từ chỉ thể cách):
Cho biết điều gì đó xảy ra hoặc được thực hiện như thế nào Được thành lập bằng cách: ADJ + ly = ADV
Soft → softly quick → quickly careful → carefully
* Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:
* Vị trí: trạng từ chỉ thể cách đứng sau tân ngữ, sau động từ hoặc sau các trạng từ phụ tố.Đơi lúc nĩ cĩ thể đứng gữa chủ ngữ và động từ nếu chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ của động từ.
EXERCISES :
I
Choose the correct form of the words in bold and match the sentences with the pictures.
1 Anna walks heavy / heavily 1’ Betty is beautiful / beautifully.
2 Lean speaks Chinese fluent / fluently 2’ Dave arrived late / lately.
3 Sindy learned Spanish quick / quickly 3’ Maria usually sings sad / sadly.
4 Tim understands French good / well 4’ The women work hard / hardly.
5 Mai Lee dresses correct / correctly 5’ This soup tastes good / well.
6 The orchestra sounds bad / badly 6’ Sergio likes to sing happy / happily songs.
7 the animal sees good / well 7’ we like to live in a clean / cleanly house.
8 Anna ran fast / fastly at the Olympics.
II Complete the sentences using the right form of the word in brackets as an adjective or adverb.
1 He reads a book (quick) 1’.Tania is a girl (wonderful)
2 The class is _ loud today (terrible) 2’.Sam is a singer (good)
3 You can _ open this tin (easy) 3’.He spoke to me _ (soft)
4 It is a _ day today (terrible) 4’.They sing the song _ (good)
5 He is a driver (careful) 5’.He drives the car _ (careful)
6 The dog barks _ (loud) 6’.The taxi drives was _ injured (serious)
7 Sandy is _ clever (extreme)7’.This hamburger tastes (awful)
8 She is with her parents (tender)8’ She shouted at him (angry)
9 Be _ with this glass of milk It’s hot (careful)
10 She looks _ What happened to her? (sad)
11 Don’t speak so _ I can’t understand (fast)
14/ Command, requests and advice in reported speech (tường thuật, kể lại):
a/ Command and requests (câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu trong câu nói gián tiếp):
* ù phải thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu) sao cho phù hợp Bỏ dấu “ ” và từ “please” (nếu có)
Trang 9e.g: - “Can you meet me after class?”
→ He asked me to meet him after class
- “Don't leave your room, Tom” she said
→ She told Tom not to have
⇒
Direct speech Reported speech
b/ Advice in reported speech (lời khuyên trong lời nói gián tiếp):
e.g: “You should stop smoking” he said
⇒ He said / told (that) I should stop smoking
⇒ S 1 + said / told (+that) + S 2 + should (not) + Vinf Or: S + advised + O + (not) + to-V + N
Ex: He advised me to stop smoking.
EXERCISES : Rewrite the following sentences into reported speech
1 “Eat more fruits and vegetables.” The doctor told me
- The doctor told me
2 “Can you speak more slowly ?” asked she
- She asked me
3 “You should practise English everyday ’’Mrs Jackson said to Tim
- Mrs Jackson said………
4 "Could you buy me an English exercise book ? "
- Nam asked Lan
5 " Please turn off the radio '
- Phuong told Tuan
6 "Can you help my son with his English ? "
- Mai asked her friend
7 "Get up early to learn your lesson, Toan "
- Toan's father told him
8 "Can you get back home by half past ten ? "
- Loan's brother asked her
9 "Please post my letter to my mother! "
S + asked / told + Obj + (not) + to-Vinf.
requested
ordered
Trang 10- Mom asked me
10." Please give your parents your report card"
- The teacher told her
11." Can you show me the way to the bank ? "
- He asked me
12.He said:’ Tan, you should practice speaking English everyday.”
13.She said:” We should read this sentence more carefully, Hung.”
14.“You should prepare your lesson before going to school, Na.” Tam said
15.He said: “You should spend more time on your English, Miss Lien.”
16.Minh said:” You shouldn’t use your car too much time”
15/ Gerunds (danh động từ) = Verb _ ing:
* Sau các động từ: like, hate, love, enjoy, avoid, begin, consider, continue, finish, mind , prefer, suggest, stop… +
* Sau giới từ ( in, at, with, without, about ) Ex: She’s interested in studying English.
*Đứng đầu câu làm chủ ngữ Ex: Studying English is her interest
EXERCISES: Complete the sentences, using -ing form of the verbs
1.Linh suggested (go) out for a meal
2.I started (work) in this office when I was seventeen
3.We like (watch) television on winter evenings
4.I remember (be) afraid of the dark as a young child
5.I love (read) a good book
6.I prefer (have) a shower to a bath
7.I had to stop (play) tennis when I hurt my back
8.Do you enjoy (listen) to music ?
- May I help you? (Yêu cầu người khác làm điều gì cho mình)
- Can / Could you help me? (Đề nghị giúp đỡ người khác làm gì)
17/ Comparisons
a/ Like (giống như): Like + N / Pronoun Ex: You look like your mother.
b/ as … as , not so / as… as (bằng, khơng bằng)
e.g:- He is as tall as his father
- Nam speaks E as well as Mary
(Thể xác định)
- Hoa doesn’t speak French as well as the French
⇒
(Thể phủ định)
c/ (not) the same ( ) as (giống, khơng giống) ≠ different from ( khác với)
e.g: + Her hair isn't the same color as her mother's
+ She is very different from her sister
S + + as + + as + N / Pro
be not
doesn't + Vinf
didn't
adj adv
⇒ beV advadj