Muc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu: Xac dinh thanh phan vat chat ciia da chiia corindon vijng nghien cuii Xac lap dac diem ngoc hoc cua ruby, saphir viing nghien cuxi Lam sang to moi quan
Trang 1DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlT NHIEN
^1^ ^If ^i£ ^tf ^If ^£ ^Jf *l^ ^ £
CHU TRI DE TAI: ThS Nguyin Thi Minh Thuyet
DAI H O C Q U O C GIA HA NQi TRUNG TAM THCNG TIN THU ^'lEf,
DT / C ' U3
Trang 2BAO CAO TOM TAT
a Ten de tai: Nghien ciru mfii quan he giira cac dac diem ngoc hoc cua ruby, saphir va da chua mo Luc Yen, True Lau, tinh Yen Bai
Ma so: QT-08-48
b Chu tri de tai: Nguyen Thi Minh Thuyet
c Cac can bo tham gia:
d Muc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu:
Xac dinh thanh phan vat chat ciia da chiia corindon vijng nghien cuii
Xac lap dac diem ngoc hoc cua ruby, saphir viing nghien cuxi
Lam sang to moi quan he giua dac di^m ngoc hoc ciia ruby, saphir va da chiia
ruby, saphir viing nghien cihi
e Cac ket qua dat dupe:
Da xac dinh dupe thanh pban vat chait cua da cbiia ruby, saphir viing nghien cihi; dac diem ngoc hpc cua chung va moi quan he giua thanh phan vat chat da cbiia vdfi nhiJng dac diem ngpc hpc do
f Tinh hinh kinh phi cua de tai (hoac dir an):
Tong
So tien (d)
800.000 3.700.000 2.700.000 12.000.000 800.000
20.000.000
KHOA QUAN LY
:: hi
CHU TRI DE TAI
T R U O N G DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHIEN
Trang 3SUMMARY
L Name of project: Study on the relationship between gemological characteristics
of ruby, sapphire and ruby, sapphire bearing rocks in An Phu and True Lau mines Yen Bai province
Code number: QT-08-48
2 Executive name: Master of Science Nguyen Thi Minh Thuyet
3 The objectives and contents of project:
Defined the composition of ruby and sapphires bearing rocks in the study areas
Defined the gemological characteristics of ruby and sapphire in An Phu and True Lau mines
Defined the relationships between gemological characteristics of ruby, sapphires and ruby, sapphire bearing rocks in An Phu and True Lau mines
4 Results: Defined the relationships between composition of ruby, sapphire bearing rocks and the gemological characteristics of ruby, sapphire in the study eares
Trang 41.1 Khai quat dac diem ruby, saphir 8
1.2 Phuang phap nghien cuu 10
1.2.1 Phuong phap thirc dja khao sat dia chat 10
1.2.2 Cac phuang phap phan tich trong phdng 10
CHU'ONG 2 DAC DIEM THANH PHAN VAT CHAT DA CHU A RUBY,
SAPHIR MO AN PHU VA TRUC LAU - LUC YEN 11
2.1 Dac diem thanh phan vat chat da boa md An Phii 11
2.1.1 Thanh phan hdahpc 12
2.1.2 Thanh phan thach hpc va to hop khoang vat cpng sinh dac tnmg 12
2.2 Dac diem thanh phan vat chat da gneis md True Lau 14
2.2.1 Thanh phan boa hpc 14
2.1.2 Thanh phan thach hpc va to hop khoang vat cpng sinh dac 15
trung
CHU^ONG 3 DAC DIEM NGOC HOC CUA RUBY, SAPHIR
MO AN PHU VA TRUC LAU - LUC YEN 18
3.1 Dac diem ngpc hpc cua ruby, saphir md An Phii - Luc Yen 18
3.1.1 Thanh phan hdahpc 18
3.1.2 Mau sac 19
3.1.3 Tytrpng 19
3.1.4 Chiet suat, luang chiet suat 19
3.1.5 Tinh phat quang 19
3.1.6 Dac diem ben trong 19
Trang 53.2.2 Mau sac 21 3.2.3 Ty trong 22 3.2.4 Chiat suit 22 3.2.5 Tinh phat quang 22
3.2.6 Dac diem ben trong 22
3.3 Moi quan he giir thanh phan da chua va chat lupTig ngpc ciia
ruby, saphir vung nghien cuu 23
3.3.1 Mau sac 23 3.3.2 Dp tinh khilt 23 3.3.3 Kichthuac 24
KET LUAN 25 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 26
Trang 6MO DAU
Ruby, saphir - cac bien loai cua khoang vat corindon - la loai da quy cd gia trj vao hang cao nhat, chi sau kim cuong Ruby, saphir Viet Nam dupe danh gia la
cd chat lupug cao cua the giai
Tren lanh tho Viet Nam, ruby, saphir cd hau het cac kieu nguon goc nhung phan bo tap trung a cac tinh Yen Bai, Nghe An va vung Tay Nguyen
Ruby, saphir duac ket tinh trong mot so dieu kien dia chat noi sinh Trong moi dieu kien cu the thi chung cd dac diem tinh the, khoang vat va ngpc hpc khac nhau
Nghien cuu moi quan he giOa dac diem ngpc hpc ciia ruby, saphir va da chua
md Luc Yen, Triic Lau tinh Yen Bai gdp phan dinh hudng cho cdng tac tim kiem, danh gia trien vpng cho loai hinh khoang san cd gia tri nay
MUC TIEU CUA DE TAI
Xac djnh thanh phan vat chat ciia da chua corindon vung nghien cuu
Xac lap dac diem ngpc hpc ciia ruby, saphir viing nghien cuu
Lam sang to moi quan he giiia dac diem ngpc va da chua ruby, saphir vimg nghien cuu
NHIEM VU CUA DE TAI
Thu thap, phan tich, tong hap tai lieu lien quan den doi tupTig va vung nghien cuu
Khao sat thue dia, thu thap mau
Phan tich, xac dinh cac dac diem ciia ruby, saphir (thanh phan hda hpc, mau s^c, hinh thai, cau true tinh the, dac diem ben trong, )
Phan tich, xac dinh dac diem thanh phan vat chat cua da goc (da chua ruby, saphir)
Trang 7CHU^ONG 1
CO Sd LY THUYET VA PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN CtTU
1.1 Khai quat dac diem ruby, saphir
Ruby, saphir la cac bien loai ciia khoang vat corindon, thupc lap oxyt, cd cong thue hda hpc rat dan gian la AI2O3, ket tinh trong he ba phuang, mang tinh the gom nhung ion O'^ xep kbit theo luat xep cau sau phuang, cac ion Al^^ phan bo trong cac khoang trong tarn mat tao bai cac ion O"*^ (1 linli 1.1)
Bang 1.1 Nguyen nhan va ca che tao mau cua ruby, saphir
.3+
- Cr , ruby dd tia, dd mau bd cau chi chua 0,1% Cr203
Trang 8- Cr^"*", saphir hong sang chua khoang 0,03% Cr203, hong xam - 0,04%
- Thuang bi bien đi sang mau hong sac nau (do Fe"^"^) hoac anh tim, tim/lam (do qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich giiia hoa tri Fê^ - 0 - Tí*'^)
- Qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich giiia boa tri Fê"^ - 0 - Ti"*"^
- Qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich giua boa tri Fê"*^ - 0 - Tí*"' va Cr'^"'
- Cap Fế^/Fê"' va Cr^""
-Fê%aCr^^
- Qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich giua boa tri Fê^ - 0 - Ti"*"*^
Fe "*" va Cr^"' cung vdi qua trinh chuyen djcb dien tich giiia boa tri Fế^ 0 Tí"
-Qua trinh chuyen djch dien tich giua hoa tri Fế^ - 0 - Ti"*" ciing Cr^" trong phdi tri 8 mat
- Do sir dich chuyen cua cap ion Fe"^ - Fé^^
- Tarn mau (tarn mau) Id hong do su thay đi cua cac ion hda tri +2 thay the cho Al^'^ trong cau true ciia ruby, saphir nhu Mg^"'
Su ket hap ciia mau đ (Cr^"*") vdi mot hoac cac nguyen nhan gay mau vang
Su dich chuyen dien tich ciia cap Fe"""^ - Fe"'^, cpng vdi su djch chuyen ciia lap dien tii ben trong Fe"'^ - Ti"''* -^ Fe"""^ - Ti"^
Su di chuyen tich cua ion V "^ trong phdi tri tarn mat trong cau triic Do sir can bang dien d ca mau đ va lam - luc, sir thay đi mau ciia da quy phu thupc vao thanh phan ciia ngudn sang
Mau CO hpc la do mau nau dam ciia cac tarn hematit
Do cd mau sac dep, dp cung cao nen tir xa xua ruby, saphir da duac coi la mot loai da quy cao cap Lien quan vdi mau sac ruby, saphir cd nhirng ten gpi khac nhau: ruby la loai cd mau đ, saphir - mau lam, saphir mau - cac mau con iai, leucosaphir - khdng maụ
d ruby va saphir hay gap hieu img sao do su phan xa anh sang tir cac bao the hinh kim nho nam ben trong, cac sao thuoTig cd sau canh (Hinh 1.2, saphir sao) Ngoai ra cung gap hieu ung mat meo va hieu ung doi maụ Day la cac hieu irng anh sang lam tang ve dep va gia tri ciia ruby, saphir
Trang 9Hinh 1.2 Ruby (mau do), saphir mau (hong, vang, tim), saphir (lam), saphir sao 1.2 Phuang phap nghien ciru
1.2.1 Phuang phap thue dia khao sat dja chat
Khao sat dac diem dia chat ciia cac diem md, quan sat the nam, quan he giija cac thanh tao chua ruby, saphir vdi cac da vay quanh, thu thap mau vat dia chat
1.2.2 Cac phuang phap phan tich trong phong
1,2,2,1, Cdcphirongphdp phan tich hodly:
a, Phu'ffngphdp microsond
Xac dinh thanh phan hda hpc cua ruby, saphir va khoang vat cpng sinh vdi chiing
b Phirffng phdp huynh quang tiaX
Xac dinh thanh phan hda hpc ciia cac da chira ryby, saphir
3,2,3,3, Cdc phuang phdp ngoc hoc
a Phuong phap khiic xa ke
Xac dinh chiet suat ciia ruby, saphir
b Xac djnh pho hap thu
Xac dinh pho hap thu ciia ruby, saphir
c Xac djnh tinh phat quang duai tia eye tim
Xac dinh tinh phat quang cua ruby, saphir
d Xac djnh ty trong
Xac dinh ty trong ciia ruby, saphir
e Xac dinh dac diem ben trong
Xac dinh dac diem bao the, dp nirt ne, ciia ruby, saphir
Trang 10cHironvG 2
DAC DIEM THANH PHAN VAT CHAT DA CHlfA RUBY, SAPHIR
M O AN PHU VA TRUC LAU - LUC YEN
Da chua ruby, saphir ciia md An Phii la da hoa calcit Da chua saphir ciia md Tnic Lau la da gneis Ca bai md deu thupc huyen Luc Yen, tinh Yen Bai, md An Phu a ba trai song Chay va thupc dai cau tnic Song Chay , md Tnic Lau a ba phai song Chay, thupc dai cau tnic Song Hong (Hinh 2.1)
P R n r I " i ^ ' ' ' " Q ' ^ 9 ' ^ ' ' - " ' ' I ^ tlm^ii " ' ' i c l i and silrfnsnil
H t lang Nur Voi p i a g i ^ n e i i rla phiSn Inacr an 5ilim,if!rt hiolil amphibc-lit t t i S j kinh <Ja fica
I h a d i anh granal silimani^ <1a q u a r t i l Phi/c h*> PiaBiooc miaogranil tiotJI qran.l !>ni!
gianit sang m a j yogmalu va aplil
^ M o S3 k f i o s n g
^ M o goc
0 D i i m Tio
^ DiCTi 110 i r o n g ija h o a
2.1 Dac di^m thanh phan vat chat da hoa mo An Phu
Da hoa chira ruby, saphir mau md An Phu cd dac diem nhir sau:
Trang 112.1.1 Thanh phan hoa hoc
Tir ket qua phan tich thanh phan hda hpc (Bang 2.1) ciia da hoa chua ruby, saphir mau mo An Phii c6 the thay: Si, Ti va dac biet la Al tang cao Thanh phan Cr tang trong khi Ga, V Iai thap ban ham luang trung binh
Bang 2.1 Thanh phan hoa hoc ciia da hoa chira ruby, saphir mau va spinel mo An Phu
(phan tich bang phuang phdp huynh quang tia X tai Vien Dia chdt, Greifswald, Dire)
FezOi (%) 0.49 0.17 0.17 0.18
MnO (%) 0.005 0.008 0.022 0.009
MgO (%) 0.77 1.80 10.41 1.35
CaO (%) 51.80 51.05 42.72 52.26
NazO (%) 0.04 0.13 0.06 0.09
K2O (%) 0.02 0.16 0.01 0.06
P2O5
(%) 0.018 0.020 0.068 0.050
< 12
12
13
< 12 H^m lu'Q'ng trung binh cac nguyen to trong d^ cacbonat
(Dia hoa lioc, Dang Trung Thugn, 2005)
(),()() O.SI n -^4 {|.>4 (1 05 7»() 42.6 1 n.{)5 0.3.^^ i ) ( ) 4 1 1 4 -"'"
Chu thich: I- AP4; 2- LYWI: dd hoa calcit chica ruby, saphir mau; 3- LY120;
4- LY140: dd hoa calcit dolomit chira spinel
2.1.2, Thanh phan thach hoc va to hop khoang vat cong sinh dac trung
Da hoa calcit chua ruby, saphir mau he tang An Phii cd dac diem thach hpc sau:
Da mau trang chira corindon, amphibon, phlogopit, graphit, pyrit (hiiili 22
2.5); kiln tnic hat bien tinh, khdng deu, kich thudc tir nhd den Ian, bao gom cac to hop cpng sinh khoang vat sau (hinh 2.6a - 2.10):
- Calcit + ruby, saphir mau +/- graphit +/- pyrit
- Calcit + ruby, saphir mau + amphibon +/- graphit +/- pyrit
- Calcit + ruby, saphir mau + amphibon + phlogopit +/- margarit +/- graphit +/- pyrit
Trang 12Hinh 2.2 Da hoa calcit chua corindon
Hinh 2.4 Da hoa calcit chua corindon,
amphibon, phlogopit, pyrit
Hinh 2.3 Da hoa calcit chua corindon,
amphibon (Mau LY123)
Hinh 2.5 Da hoa calcit chua corindon, amphibon, phlogopit, pyrit, graphit, margarit (Mau LYIOI)
Hinh 2.6a Can bang Cor - Cc
M§u LY121, nicon: -; d = 1.2mm
Hinh 2.6b Can bang Cor - Cc Mau AP4, nicon: -; d = 1.2mm
Trang 13Hinh 2.7 THCS: Cor + Amp + Cc + Phi
Mau LYlOl, nicon: +; d = L2mm
Hinh 2.8 THCS: Phi + Amp + An + Cor Mau LY123, nicon: +; d = 1.2mm
2.2 Dac dilm thanh phan vat chat da gneis mo True Lau
2.2.1 Thanh phan hoa hoc
Thanh phSn hda hpc da gneis viing nghien cim dupe trinh bay trong Bang 2.2
Trang 14Bang 2.2 So sanh thanh phan cac nguyen to hoa hoc cua gneis True Lau
vol ham luong trung hinh cua chung trong da phien set
Fe203 (%) 0.61 6.02 19.88 4.02
MgO (%) 0.09 0.54 0.25 2.44
CaO (%) 1.2 2.03 0.57 3.11
NajO (%) 3.33 3.02 2.03 1.30
K2O (%) 4.97 4.68 5.56 3.24
Si02 (%) 73.72 65.52 35.79 58.10
Cr (ppm)
< 12
< 12
292
130
Chii thich: J, 2: gneis khdng chica corindon; 3: gneis chica corindon; 4: phien set
(Dia hda hoc - Dang Trung Thugn 2005)
Tir ket qua phan tich tren cd the nhan thay:
O mau chua saphir cd sir thay ddi dot bien: ham luang Al rat cao so vdi 2
mau con Iai, ciing nhu vay vai ham luang Fe va Ti, K va Na, trong khi Si giam
dang ke CJ cac mau nay, thach anh gan nhu vang mat hoan toan, trong khi so luang
khoang vat phu giau sat, titian nhu manhetit, ilmenit Iai cd mat thuang xuyen vdi
ham luang dang ke (cd mau den 7%)
Dac biet, khi so sanh ham luang cac nguyen to trong gneis chira saphir vai dp
phd bien ciia chung trong da tram tich (set va phien set) nhan thay gneis chira saphir Tnic
Lau tang cao ham luang cac nguyen to Al, Ti, Fe, Na, K, V nhung Iai giam cac nguyen
td Mg, Ca, Cr va Ga Dac diem nay anh hudng rat ro net trong thanh phan cua to hap
cpng sinh khoang vat ciing nhu dac diem ciia saphir
2.2.2 Thanh ph§n thach hoc va t6 hap khoang vat cong sinh dac trung
Thanh phSn da gneis chira saphir a Tnic Lau gom chu yeu la feldspar (chiem 53
- 90%), trong do plagiocla chilm 4 - 75%, K- feldspar chiem < 1 - 40%, biotit tir vai
phhn tram d8n 40% a loai gneis biotit Silimanit cd mat a tat ca cac mau, tir vai
ph^n tram, ca biet len tai 21% Granat xuk bien lac dac, spinel - hercynit cd tir vai
hat d6n 6%, khoang vat quang cd manhetit, ilmenit Zircon ciing xuat hien vai hat trong
cac lat mdng, thach anh xu^t hien trong mot so lat mdng Phan tich cac mlu gneis chira
saphir cho cac to hop sau:
• Sillimanit dangiangnu + granat + spinel + saphir + biotit + feldspar K+ plagiocla
• Sillimanit dang lang try + saphir + spinel + feldspar K+ plagiocla
• Sillimanit dangiangtm + granat + biotit + feldspar K+ plagiocla
Trang 15Hinh 2,11 Gneis chira saphir mo True Lau
Hinh 2.17 THCS: Grt+CorHFel-K+;
nicon-, d = 0.6mm
Trang 16Tir nhirng to hap khoang vat cpng sinh cho thay saphir md Tnic Lau cd nguon goc bien chat tir da set giau Al, Fe, Ti nen saphir md Tnic Lau cd nhirng tinh chat phan anh ro moi trudug hda hpc thanh tao (chi tiSt dupe khao sat trong chuang 3)
OAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOi TRUNG TAfv/ fHONG TIN THU ViEN
Trang 17cHironvG 3
DAC DIEM NGOC HOC CUA RUBY, SAPHIR
M O AN PHU VA TRUC LAU - LUC YEN
3.1 Dac diem ngoc hoc ciia ruby, saphir mo An Phii - Luc Yen
3.1.1 Thanh phSn hoa hoc
Khac vai corindon mo Tnic Lau va Dak Ton, corindon md An Phii dac trung bang sir uu the ciia Cr Ham luang cac nguyen to vet trong corindon An Phu giam dan theo thu tu: Cr>Ti>Fe>Mg>V>Ga Trong dd, Cr thay doi tir 157 - 2672ppm, trung binh la 1764ppm, va hau bet cac mau cd ham luprng >350ppm (dii de corindon
cd mau do); Ti thay doi rpng, tir 0 894ppm, trung binh la 369ppm; Fe tir 0 591ppm, trung binh la 251ppm; Mg tir 30 - 150, trung binh la 105ppm; V thay ddi tir 10 - ban 109ppm, trung binh 75ppm; Ga hau bet <75ppm, trung binh la 67ppm, dac trung cho loai bien chat; Ty so Cr203/Ga203>l, chu yeu >10 Ngoai ra, con phat hien cac nguyen to tap chat nhu: Si, Na, K,
cd ham lugng >350ppm (du dk corindon cd mau dd); Ti thay doi rpng, tir 0
-894ppm, trung binh la 369ppm; Fe tir 0 - 591 ppm, trung binh la 251 ppm Do thanh
phhn nguyen td gay mau chinh la Cr nen corindon trong da hoa An Phii cd mau dd
Trang 18tuoi: do tuai, do tham, chuyin sang do tia, dd nau, do nhat chuyin sang hong nhat, hoac lln cac ddm mau lam, lam nhat (Hinh 3.2) Saphir hSu nhu khong gap
Hinh 3.2 Mau sac cua ruby, saphir mo An Phii - Luc Yen 3.1.3 Ty trong
Ty trong ciia ruby, saphir mau An Phu dao dpng trong khoang 3,83 den 4,01, trung binh thudrng la 3,94 - 3,99
3.1.4 Chiet suat, luang chiet suat
Chilt suat: 1,762 - 1,770, luang chik suk - 0,008
3.1.5 Tinh phat quang
The hien ro, dac biet a nhirng vien mau dd dam, tat ca deu phat quang manh,
mau do duai tia cue tim song dai, yeu hon duai tia cue tim song ngan
3.1.6 Dac diem ben trong
Bao the dac trung ciia corindon An Phu la: calcit, phlogopit, pyrit, graphit Ngoai ra, con gap cac bao the apatit, zircon, plagiocla, corindon, rutil va bao thi long gdm: bao thd long nguyen sinh (loai A), bao the long gia thu sinh (loai B) va bao thi long thir sinh thue sir (loai C) Cac bao the long la nhirng bao tha da pha
chira td hap C02-H2S-COS-S8-A10(OH) (Gaston Giuliani va nnk, 2003),