the SketchUp Version 5Student Workbook phần 7 pdf

To return to the original texture, right-click on the face and select Texture / Reset Position.. The texture in the Material Browser is the original one, so if you apply it to any face i

The red pin is the anchor pin Scaling, shearing,

rotation, and distortion are all done relative to this

pin

8 Click and drag the red pin to the lower left corner of

the face (You can access inference points like

endpoints and midpoints while in position mode.)

Now Block 1 will always start at the lower left corner

of this face

The green pin is used for overall scaling and/or

rotation Right now we will use it just for scaling

9 Drag the green pin to the lower right corner Now

three full stone blocks fill the face horizontally

10 In addition to dragging pins, you can also move them Hover over the green pin until you see a small square around it, then click This lifts the pin out of its position Move the mouse to the point between Blocks 2 and 3, and click to place the pin there The point of the pin (not the pin body) determines the pin’s location

11 Now drag the green pin back to the lower right corner Two blocks are now spaced along the face

The blue pin is for shearing (making diagonal), as

well as vertical scaling

12 Drag the blue pin up or down so that four rows of blocks fit vertically in the face

13 To accept this new position, right-click and select

Done (You can also click anywhere in blank space to

exit position mode.)

14 Now move the front face again No matter where it’s

located, the face contains two blocks along the

bottom and four rows vertically Also, note that the

rest of the model has the original texture position;

only the front face has changed

15 Slope the front face by moving the edge shown

The yellow pin is used for out-of-plane distortion

(The result only looks out of plane - the texture always remains on the face) This is more useful for actual photographic images that you’re trying to fit to

a face, but we will use it here anyway

16 Drag the yellow pin straight up so that the seam line above Blocks 1, 2, and 3 is parallel to the diagonal edge

17 Exit position mode, and here is the result: the blocks look as if they are getting closer; their perspective has changed

18 To return to the original texture, right-click on the

face and select Texture / Reset Position The blocks

return to their original size and position

19 We will now look at rotation and shearing Go back

to position mode and drag the red pin to the corner

shown

20 Drag the green pin upward so that the angle of the

blocks matches the diagonal edge (do not release the

mouse yet) If you stay on the dashed red rotation

line, you will not change the scale of the blocks

21 Now drag the green pin outward to increase the

overall scale This is how you can rotate and scale the

texture in one step

22 Now move the red pin and drag it so that a block starts at the corner shown

23 Drag and rotate the blue pin to shear the blocks The result is that the blocks are skewed and still have vertical sides

24 Leave position mode

Now we will see how to apply this modified texture

to the rest of the model The texture in the Material Browser is the original one, so if you apply it to any face (including the changed one), you will get the original, unscaled, unsheared, unrotated blocks

25 To sample a texture, use the Paint tool with Alt/Cmd

pressed In Windows, you can also click the dropper

(Sample Paint) icon.

26 Click the front face to pick up this texture.

TIP: You can also pick up a texture by pressing Alt/Cmd while in

Paint mode, and clicking on a face.

27 Now apply this material to the other faces The

sloped blocks now appear on all faces

Free Pins

Free pin mode is useful when you want to make an image

fit within a certain shape It is not as exact as Fixed Pin

mode, but handy when you need to make adjustments by

eye

Imagine you’ve designed a house and your client hands

you a picture of a friend’s house that has the exact door he

wants You can use the picture as a texture on the door,

and use free pins to fit the picture exactly to the door in

your model

This example uses the door shown below It was taken

from the site www.spiritelements.com, in the “Custom

Doors” category

You can also find this picture at

www.f1help.biz/ccp51/cgi-bin/SU5StudentFiles.htm; download the file “CustomDoor.jpg.”

NOTE: To save a picture from a website, right-click on the image

and select Save Picture As Some images are copyright

protected and cannot be saved.

1 Start with a house and an estimated rectangular outline for the door

2 There are a few ways to insert a picture to be used as

a texture One is to select File / Import / 2D

Graphic Locate the picture where you saved it

Place the picture on the door by first clicking the lower left endpoint Then size the picture approximately to the door by clicking somewhere along the right edge of the door The picture probably won’t fit exactly, but it will be tweaked to fit

TIP: If you want to drop the picture onto a face at its current size, just double-click on the face Press Ctrl if you want to place the picture by its center Press Shift while placing the second corner point if you want non-uniform scaling.

3 Right-click on the picture and select Entity Info The

picture itself has a bounding box, similar to a group

or component Its entity type is “Image.”

4 Right-click on the picture and select Explode.

Exploding does two things First, the picture is now

included in the model as a material

Second, the picture is now a painted face - no

bounding box This can be verified in Entity Info.

NOTE: There is a more efficient way to bring in a material like this, as you’ll see later in this chapter.

5 Erase lines as needed to get one face - the face you originally created for the door The picture does not fit yet, but we’re about to do just that

6 Right-click on the image and select Texture /

Position To enter Free pin mode, right-click and

deselect Fixed Pins In Free pin mode, there are four

yellow pins around one of the tiled images

TIP: While in either Free or Fixed Pin mode, you can switch modes temporarily by pressing Shift.

7 Like in Fixed pin mode, place the cursor anywhere

on the image, and drag it to move the picture around You can use this to place the door in its general location

8 In Free pin mode, each pin has the same function - to

pull its corner to stretch and distort the picture Hover

over one of the pins until you see a small square

around it, and click to “lift” the pin off the image

9 Place the pin at the closest door corner, disregarding

(for now) the arch portion at the top

10 Use this method to place the four pins at the four

rectangular corners of the door picture When one pin

is directly above/below/left/right of another pin, a

dotted line appears - very helpful for accurate

positioning

11 Now click and drag one each pin to the closest corner

of the model doorway

If the picture isn’t perfectly aligned, you can continue to lift, move, and drag pins until the alignment looks good

12 To keep this image “distortion” (you distort the image to make it look right), right-click and select

Done (Or click anywhere in the blank space.) Use Arc to fill in the missing arch portion at the top.

13 Erase the line between the rectangle and arc, and the image extends into the arc To fit the arc to the

picture, use Move.

14 Here is the completed door If you move it, the image

will follow

15 Now move just the door edges, not the face itself

This places the door shape on another portion of the

door image, so be careful not to do this!

Using Pictures to Create

Realistic Objects

If you have pictures handy, you can easily use them to

create photorealistic objects you can place in your models

Creating a Painted 2D Tree

This exercise uses a picture to create a tree in your model

Here is the picture that will be used:

If you want to use this exact image, you can find it at

www.f1help.biz/ccp51/cgi-bin/SU5StudentFiles.htm

1 For reference, start with a basic house Select File /

Import / 2D Graphic and browse to your picture

Place it vertically, at a scale that makes sense, using the house size as a guide

2 Explode the picture Now it acts as a regular SketchUp face, and the picture appears in the Material Browser

TIP: You also could have dragged the picture in right from your browser, and then scaled it.

3 For this next step, it might help to change the edge

color Open the Model Info window to the Colors page and select a color for Edges that contrasts with

the tree

4 Now use Line and/or Arc to trace around the tree

5 When the outline is closed, the lines will become

thin When you’ve finished tracing, delete the rest of

the picture

NOTE: The picture is not positioned with respect to the edges

around the tree Therefore, if you select only the edges (not the

face itself) and move them, the edges will no longer enclose the

tree - they will move along the original picture

6 Make the tree a component, and insert a few more of

them around the house Use Scale to make some

trees wider, shorter, or taller, or to make mirror

images

7 Orbit the model around - the trees look like how they

were created - flat cutout faces

8 This can be changed in the definition of the

component itself Even when components have

different scales, their properties are still the same In

Windows, open the Properties or Entity Info for the

tree component and check Always face camera

Mac: The Properties option does not work as of this

writing To make a component always face the camera, this option must be set when the component

is first created To modify an existing component, you must explode it and redefine the component.

9 Now orbit the model around No matter what the angle, the trees are always facing you

10 Turn on shadows via the toolbar or by selecting View

/ Shadows Adjust the month and time of day to see

the shadows cast by the trees (Make sure the bottom

of the tree rests on the ground plane.) The shadows have the correct shape and orientation

Creating a Painted 3D Bus

This exercise uses a picture to create the side, front, and

top of a bus This will work for any vehicle, but a bus is

handy because it’s prismatic You can do a web search for

a bus picture, but the one used in this example is from the

Greyhound web site -

http://store.yahoo.com/greyhoundlogoshop/ (It’s actually

a toy bus, but it looks real enough!)

Here is the picture:

You can also find this picture at

www.f1help.biz/ccp51/cgi-bin/SU5StudentFiles.htm

Download the file “bus.jpg.”

1 First make a box in the general shape of a bus If you

care about making it realistic, use Measure to make

the length something like 30’

2 You can import a picture as a texture via the Material

Browser Click the Create button at the top.

Mac: Right-click on the texture swatches in Colors in Model and select New Texture You can also click Image Palette, and select New from file to browse to

the image you want to import This method should e used only if you want to import an image from which you want to sample colors particular to that image

3 In the Mix New Material window, check Use

texture image and browse to the bus picture Make

the size something realistic - if you keep the lock symbol as is, you can enter 30’ for the length and the height will update automatically Finally, enter the name of the new material (“Bus”) at the top left

This new material now appears in the In Model tab

of the Material Browser Paint this material onto the side of the bus

4 Enter position mode, and make sure you are in Free

Pins mode Place Pin 1 at the top left corner of the

side of the bus Place Pin 2 the same way When Pin

2 is directly below Pin 1, a faint dotted line will

appear as a guide

5 Place Pins 3 and 4 the same way

TIP: It’s very helpful to use the zoom functions when placing

pushpins Use Zoom Window to lift the pin, then Zoom Extents

to see the whole model Zoom Window again to the target point,

and click to place the pin.

6 Drag each pin to its corresponding corner on the model The side of the box should now contain the portion of the picture that is the side of the bus, stretched and moved to the right scale and orientation

7 If necessary, move pins and drag them again to make the picture fit the way you want When finished,

right-click and select Done, or click in the blank

space

The side of the box looks good, but the tires are cut off

8 Push/Pull the bottom of the box so that the wheels

from the picture are visible Use lines and arcs to trace the bottom of the bus to include the wheels

9 Push/Pull the lower part all the way back Now the

wheels are included in the bus

10 Now for the front of the bus There are two ways to

apply the picture here First, click the thumbnail in

the Material Browser and apply it to the front face

With texture positioning this would work, but the

initial placement of the picture is random - not

connected to the picture on the side of the bus

11 Undo A better way is to “sample” the material on the

side of the bus and apply it to the front face The

picture still needs to be adjusted, but its placement is

correct along the edge shared with the side face

12 If your picture isn’t facing the right way, or is upside

down, you can right-click and select Flip /

Left/Right or Up/Down Enter teture positioning

mode

13 The pins along the common edge are already located correctly Drag the other two pins into place and exit position mode

14 The top face is done the same way, sampling either the side or front face first

15 To apply the material to the opposite side face, sample the texture on the first side and apply it It has the correct shape and orientation, only backward!

Project: Creating a Clubhouse

This picture is of a children’s playhouse, taken from

Download the file “clubhouse.jpg.”

Like with the bus, create a 3D model from this picture It’s

easiest to start with a known rectangle like the front door

Then build outward from the door and adjuust the

model to the picture Sample and apply the picture to

neighboring faces

Project: Creating a Birdhouse

The picture used here is of a birdhouse that you can find

on several websites Do a web search for “heartwood swiss chalet.”

You can also find this picture at

www.f1help.biz/ccp51/cgi-bin/SU5StudentFiles.htm Download the file “birdhouse.jpg”

In this example, bring in the picture and draw the 3D model alongside it, approximating its dimensions

Like with the clubhouse, start with an easily identified rectangle, like the side of the roof Then sample the material and paint the remaining faces

Wrapping Images

This exercise shows you how to wrap a picture along

planar faces from a set angle, and how to modify a picture

wrapped around a curve

The picture used here is a map of the continental USA, but

any image will work

If you want to use this exact image, you can find it at

www.f1help.biz/ccp51/cgi-bin/SU5StudentFiles.htm

Download the file “USAMap.bmp.”

Planar Faces

1 Start with a cube and use File / Import / 2D

Graphic At the bottom of the Import window is a

checkbox for Use as texture; make sure this is

checked Browse to the map image

Use as texture is an efficient way to bring in a

texture - the texture is automatically applied (does

not have to be exploded)

2 Apply the map to one face Start at one corner, and

make the scale a bit larger than the face itself If

necessary, position the texture so that the top and

right are off the face (and will spill onto adjacent

faces)

3 Sample this positioned texture and apply it to adjacent faces The wrapping is correct, according to the horizontal alignment of the original face

4 If you want an alignment that is not along one of the

faces, you must have a properly-aligned face for sampling Undo to return to the unpainted box

5 Insert the image again by itself (make sure Use as

texture is unchecked) Place the image anywhere, at

a similar scale as before

6 Activate Move mode, in which you can both move

and rotate the picture Move it to a position like this

- at an angle in which a corner of the cube sticks out

8 Click the thumbnail from the Material Browser (do

not sample the face) and apply it to a face of the box

It is not skewed or tilted; it has the original

projection

9 To verify this, right-click and select Texture In the

submenu, Projected is not checked.

10 Undo This time sample the paint on the tilted face

and apply it to a face of the box This time the image

1 Now draw a cylinder and apply the unskewed picture

to it The image wraps smoothly

2 Use Move to resize the cylinder Now the image is no

longer smooth This is because the image is actually applied to each planar segment separately

3 It’s easy to fix this - remove the material (apply the

Default material), and reapply the image

The picture wraps smoothly, but you cannot

right-click on the face to access texture positioning

4 To change the orientation or scale of the image on a

curved face, first display hidden edges You can now

access positioning for any segment In Fixed pin

mode, use the green pin to rotate the picture

When finished, only the edited segment has the

rotated picture

5 Sample the rotated image, and turn off the hidden lines Then apply the texture to the cylinder - the rotated picture wraps around the whole cylinder

6 For another example of a projected image, start a new file and draw a box Locate the map file in your browser, and drag it right into SketchUp, placing it along one of the vertical faces

7 Use Scale on the image and/or Push/Pull the box, so

that the image is enclosed within the face

8 On the top face, draw two tangent arcs and Push/Pull

the front of the box all the way down

9 Explode the picture and Push/Pull it into the wavy

form

10 Use Intersect with Model to get this result Trim

extra edges and soften edges

11 Sample the exploded picture, and apply it to the

wavy face

This is a projection, not a wrapping Therefore, the

wavy face looks fine in Front view

but in an isometric view you can see distortion along the curved face

12 Just like with the cylinder, to manipulate the textures

on this wavy face, you need to first display hidden edges Then right-click on any face segment and

select Texture Projected is indicated as the current

format; select this option to toggle it off

13 The texture of this face now has the “true” scale

Sample this texture, then turn off hidden edges

14 and apply the texture to the rest of the wavy face In

this example, many of the segments have a

continuous pattern, but not all do - the pattern looks

jumpy

15 The solution: turn hidden edges back on, and position

the texture in each face segment, one by one, in order

Unless you’re working at a very large zoom scale,

you probably won’t get perfectly matched results

with this method, but it’ll look pretty close

Projecting an Image onto a Non-Planar Face (Topography)

Similar to the previous exercise, this exercise shows you how to project a map onto a topographical surface You can get a map from the site www.mapquest.com

NOTE: To use mapquest, type in any address and click Search

Zoom in or out as needed, then right-click on the graphic and

select Save Picture As.

1 Start by selecting File / Import / 2D Graphic

Browse to where you saved the map picture, and insert it into the model An image inserted this way does not need to be placed on a face

2 Explode the image and use Freehand to draw a few

wavy lines on the face If drawn correctly, (starting and ending on the face edges), they will be thin-lined and will divide the face