the SketchUp Version 5Student Workbook phần 4 ppsx

Or right-click on the section and select Make Component.. Select the circle and activate Follow Me on the arc shape, to create the hemisphere.. Cutting and Embossing This exercise show

25 When using Follow Me on a group, you need to

pre-select the path So, select the top face or select its

edges

26 Activate Follow Me The section to drive is within

the group, so right-click the section and select Edit

Group.

27 Select the face

Within the group, the section is driven around the

29 If you pre-select the path, the path does not have to touch the section As an example, we’ll create a moat around the building (a very useful thing no doubt) Create a rectangular section with an arc cutout

30 Use the bottom face for the path If you select this face (as opposed to the edges), be sure to first heal it into one face

31 Select the moat section It remains the same distance

from the path, all the way around However, the

intersections between the straight and curved

portions are not clean

32 To find out why, undo the last action Use Offset on

the bottom face to create the surrounding edges Stop

at the moat section’s far endpoint

Here’s the problem - the intersections here are not

Follow Me with Components

The previous exercise showed how you can avoid

“stickiness” with Follow Me by using groups You can

also use components for the same effect, with the advantage that you can reuse sections repeatedly A good example is the use of moldings

1 Start with a box and remove the floor, so that you can see the moldings

2 Draw a molding section on the outside of the box.

3 Use Follow Me on this section along the top of the

box This cuts material from the top of the box, but

doesn’t create a molding inside the box

4 Undo, and select the molding face Make it a

component by using the icon or selecting Edit /

Make Component (Or right-click on the section

and select Make Component.) Assign a name and

be sure that Replaced selected is checked

The section now has a bounding box, like it would as

a group

5 If the Component Browser is not open, select

Window / Components Click the In Model icon

In Model contains the molding section you just

Here is the result from the outside - the box remains

closed on top

8 In the browser, you can see that the component has

changed - it used to be a 2D section, now it is the

entire molding

9 Look up from the bottom - the molding appears on

top of the box walls and ceiling

2 Select the new, larger circle Activate Follow Me,

and select the smaller circle The smaller circle is driven around the larger one

3 Erase the larger circle to get the sphere

You also could have driven the larger circle around the smaller one, but then you would have to erase a circle inside the sphere

4 For another way to create a sphere, start with a half-circle arc closed by a line

5 Draw a circle perpendicular to the arc shape The

center point must be aligned with the line, but does

not have to touch it (It might help to use Measure to

draw a construction line You can center the circle at

the endpoint of the construction line.) The circle can

be any size, as long as its center point is located

correctly

6 Select the circle, activate Follow Me, then select the

arc shape The sphere is created

7 To create a hemisphere, start with the same arc shape

as before Draw a perpendicular circle of any size at

the midpoint of the arc shape line

8 Select the circle and activate Follow Me on the arc

shape, to create the hemisphere

9 Where you place the circle affects the outcome of the

extrude Draw a rectangle with some lines and arcs

10 Place a perpendicular circle at the corner point shown

11 Use this circle to extrude the shape, and this is the

result, shown in X-Ray mode The rectangular

cutout is in the center of the object

12 Undo, and move the circle to this corner point.

13 The extrusion this time has the rectangular cutout on the outside and the curved portion on the inside

14 Here’s a funny aspect of Follow Me Change the

circle so that it is a half-circle (This is easily done if

the circle has segment endpoints along the face edge

Then you can use a line to divide the circle, and erase

the top half.)

15 Use Follow Me along the 180-degree arc (not the

half-circle face) If you look closely, you can see that

the start and end faces are not flush

16 Undo, and make sure nothing is selected Activate

Follow Me and select the face, then extrude it

manually along the arc Now you can see the

problem - the face is Push/Pull’d along the first arc

segment, and after that the extrusion is curved So,

arcs don’t always give you the results you’d expect

Intersect with Model

These easy exercises are a good introduction to Intersect with Model This tool basically enables you to perform

solid Boolean functions - combining, intersecting, and/or subtracting one solid from another

Cutting and Embossing

This exercise shows how you can use Intersect with Model to create the edges needed to make cutouts.

1 Start with an arc and use Offset to create an outer arc

Connect the arcs with lines to complete the face

2 For future reference, right-click on the original arc

and select Point at Center.

N OTE : If this option does not appear, open File / Preferences

to the Extensions page and check Ruby Script Examples.

This creates a construction point at the center of the arc

4 Use Push/Pull on both the freeform face and the arc

face so that they intersect like this:

5 To find the intersection edges, select the arc wall (or

at least the front and back faces of it), right-click and

select Intersect with Model (You can also find this

on the Edit menu.)

There are now edges where the freeform face meets

the wall

6 To see these edges better, delete the portions of the

freeform body that extend past the arc wall on either

side

7 Now erase the faces inside these edges, on both sides

of the arc wall The result is a solid arc wall with a solid cutout

8 Embossing is similar Use Undo to return to the step

before the intersection edges were created

9 Switch to X-Ray mode and Push/Pull the freeform

body so that it stops inside the wall

10 Select the freeform body and activate Rotate Place

the protractor at the construction point and rotate-copy the original form on either side

11 The intersection edges are only needed on the outer

face of the arc wall Right-click on this face and

select Intersect with Model Erase the overhanging

portions to see the three sets of intersection edges

12 Erase the freeform faces, and you see partial cutouts

- similar to poking the bodies slightly into the wall

Project: Intersecting Arches

1 Start with one arch form and rotate-copy it

90-degrees about the midpoint (Rotating is easy

when you display hidden geometry.)

2 Use Scale to make one archway taller, and use

Intersect with Model to get the intersection edges.

3 Delete everything in the openings - selection

windows are very helpful for this Recreate and erase

edges as needed (sometimes easiest to do in X-Ray

4 or Wireframe mode).

Arch Cutouts Using Groups

This exercise is similar to the previous one, but uses an arch form to create intersecting cutouts The result is a vaulted ceiling

1 Start with a square in the red-green plane make it a box Draw an archway on one side and pull it out To separate this arch from the box, add a dividing line

N OTE : If you used the Ctrl/Option key when you pulled out the arch, you wouldn’t need the dividing line.

2 Now we need to move the cutout all the way through the box Select the arch form and try to move it into the box It can only move side-to-side

3 Undo the move, and with the arch still selected, make

it into a group (Edit / Make Group) Grouping the

arch has eliminated the “stickiness” to the box Now

you can move it into the box

4 With the group still selected, activate Rotate with

Ctrl/Option to create a copy 90-degrees from the

original

5 Select everything, right-click and select Intersect

with Model Now erase the arch groups, and the

intersecting edges remain on the box

6 Erase the arch faces, and this is the result Because the cutouts were grouped, no part of them remains inside the box when they are deleted To solve this,

groups must be exploded before creating

9 Erase the arch faces, and you are left with some

interior faces Erase these interior faces as well to

create an arcade

This is how the arcade should look from below - a

nice vaulted ceiling

Try it Yourself

Use the method described above to create a six-sided

arcade Use cutout groups, rotate-copy them, explode

them, and intersect them There will be a bit more cleanup

than the previous four-sided case

Cutting Using Components

This exercise shows how components can be used in

conjunction with Intersect with Model

1 Create a form like this, using lines and arcs, Offset, and Push/Pull Close the end faces This will be the

grill form that will have several cutouts made Smooth the long, lateral edges on the front face, by

using Ctrl/Option + Erase

2 Create a narrow, tall box that can be used to cut grill holes

3 Select the box and make it a component

4 Position the cutter component within the grill, so that

it stops in the hollow space It may be easiest to do

this in X-Ray mode You’ll probably need to move a

few times, in a few axis directions

5 Make several copies of the cutter and open one of

them for editing (double-click a component to edit

it)

6 The easiest way to edit this component is to blank

everything else On the Components page of the

Model Info window, check Hide for both

components and the rest of the model

7 Select the entire component (select everything - only

the edited component is selectable) and perform an

intersection The edges where it meets the grill are

created

8 Trim the cutter on either side of these edges You should have four faces, representing where the cutter meets the front of the hollow grill “shell.”

9 Close the component by double-clicking outside it,

or right-click and select Close Component If you

try selecting and deleting the interior faces, you can’t

do it yet - the grill face is not yet broken

10 To break the face, you to use the components as cutters Select all of the components and run

Intersect with Model again.

11 Now you can delete the cutout faces, and the interior

faces of the front face

This works because the grill is a hollow shell, and not a

full solid To do the same thing with a solid, you would

have to explode each component Or, see the next exercise

for a work-around

Hiding Intersection Edges with

Components

This exercise is a neat work-around to the problem of

model intersection, in which you cannot find edges on a

component when its intersecting face has already been

cut

1 Start with a short rectangular box Right-click one of

the long top edges and select Divide Move the

cursor until the edge is divided into three segments

2 Do the same for the other long top edge

3 Use Move with Autofold to move the middle back

edge up If your model does not look like this, you can erase and recreate the needed edges

4 We will add skylights to this sloped roof Display the

Component Browser (Window / Components)

Open the Shapes category and click one of the spheres

5 Drag the sphere to the sloped face Use Scale and Move to place it and make two copies of it along the sloped face Run Intersect on the sloped face to

create cutting edges

6 Now edit one of the sphere components, select it, and

perform an intersection Unless your spheres

overlap, no intersection will be created The roof face

has already been cut, so no edges are created where

the sphere meets it

7 If intersection edges are created, it is where the

sphere overlaps with other spheres Undo any

intersection edges, and close the component

8 Here is the crucial step: select and Hide (do not

erase) all the intersection edges Do not hide the

cutout faces, however! The roof face has to appear

whole

The easiest way to do this is to keep Ctrl/Option

pressed and use several left-to-right selection

windows Be sure not to create any selection window

that would enclose an entire cutout face, or an entire

component With all edges selected, press H or

right-click and select Hide.

This should be the result: no intersection edges

visible and the components are still in place

9 Now edit one of the spheres and do an intersection The intersection edge with the “whole” roof face is created this time

10 Erase everything but the face that represents the skylight

11 To make this realistic, open the Material Browser

(Window / Material Browser) In the Library, open

the “Glass + Transparent” category and click one of the glass thumbnails Click the skylight face to apply the glass material

12 Close the component The skylights appear on the

roof, but you cannot see through them because the

roof face is still whole

13 Display the intersection edges you hid before (Edit

Unhide / All) Then hide the skylights What remains

are those edges you hid before Erase the cutout

faces

14 Then unhide the skylights Now you can see through

the glass into the model

Combining Follow Me and Intersect with Model

These exercises use both tools, which you’ll find are very often used in conjunction with each other

Project: Creating a Wall Niche

This simple exercises shows you how to use Follow Me

to create a rotated form to use as a cutout, and how to use

Intersect with Model to make the cutout.

1 Make the cutout using an arch shape, driving it

around a circle using Follow Me To easily find its

center later, place a vertical construction line at the center point

2 Create a box, and use the cutout’s construction line to move the cutout halfway into the box.With the niche

still selected, right-click and select Intersect with Model The edges along the box are now created.

3 Trim all the extra faces and edges, and here is the wall niche

Try It Yourself

Create a niche using different cross-sections

Project: Intersecting Moldings

This exercise may not represent a typical or practical

design (a funky picture frame), but it’s useful to know

how to handle objects that intersect It demonstrates how

to use Follow Me to easily create interesting edges, and

uses Intersect with Model to trim them to one another.

1 Start with a flat box for the frame itself, then draw a

vertical arc starting from the endpoint of one edge

Copy the arc to the opposite corner

2 Zoom in on the copied arc, and draw a rectangle that

encloses it This should be the result:

4 Use Follow Me to drive each section along two

complete edges If you preselect edges, be sure to pick all segments that comprise the two edges

5 Use Intersect with Model to clean up both corners

Replace faces as needed

Project: Creating a Table Leg

This exercise will show how to create a lathed form - a

table leg Its dimensions are a bit exaggerated, but it

shows clearly how to use Intersect with Follow Me to

create everyday shapes

1 Start with a box and draw a construction line from the

center of the box to the bottom of the table leg

2 Draw circles and use Follow Me as needed to get

Use the circle at the bottom with Follow Me to

complete the leg

5 Use Intersect to get the intersection edges between

the two parts of the leg, and trim as needed