the SketchUp Version 5Student Workbook phần 1 pptx

To rotate your view, activate Orbit and hold and drag the mouse.. The Basics3 Zoom Camera / Zoom In this tool, drag the mouse up to zoom in, down to zoom out.. Zoom Window Camera / Zoom

the SketchUp ® Version 5

Student Workbook

By Bonnie Roskes, P.E

Exercises, tips and tricks that will teach you everything you need to know about SketchUp.

infringement upon the intellectual property rights of third parties which would result from such use.

Second Edition

Copyright 2005, Bonnie Roskes

No part of this publication may be stored in a system, reproduced, or transmitted in any way or by any means, including but not limited to photography, photocopy, electronic, magnetic, or optical, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher

Manufactured in the United States of America

SketchUp is a registered trademark of @Last Software, Inc

All technical illustrations and models in this book were produced using SketchUp

Table of Contents

i

Chapter 1: The Basics

SketchUp Screen 1

Viewing Tools 2

Shortcut Keys 3

Drawing Tools 4

Line 4

Rectangle 9

Push/Pull 12

Circle and Polygon 16

Arc 21

Freehand 25

Manipulation Tools 26

Select 26

Erase 30

Measure 32

Protractor 36

Move and Copy 38

Rotate and Copy 47

Scale 53

Offset 56

Axes 57

Displaying and Smoothing Edges 59

Annotation Tools 64

Text 64

Dimensions 67

Dimensioning Using the Text Tool 76

Chapter 2: Intersect and Follow Me Follow Me 79

Basic Follow Me 79

Follow Me with Components 84

Round Objects 86

Intersect with Model 88

Cutting and Embossing 88

Project: Intersecting Arches 90

Arch Cutouts Using Groups 90

Cutting Using Components 92

Hiding Intersection Edges with Components 94

Combining Follow Me and Intersect with Model 96

Project: Creating a Wall Niche 96

Project: Intersecting Moldings 97

Project: Creating a Table Leg 98

Project: Creating a Faucet 99

Chapter 3: Making Multiple Copies

Basic Move and Copy .103

Multiple Linear Copies 104

Multiple Rotated Copies 109

Chapter 4: Working with Roofs Simple Roof and Dormers 111

Using Offset for Roofs 112

Project: Resolving Sloping Roofs .114

Method 1: Set Slope and Double Constraints 114

Method 2: Delete and Recreate 119

Method 3: Roofing with Follow Me 121

Project: Overhangs 122

Project: Overhangs by Moving Faces 124

Chapter 5: Groups and Components Components Versus Groups 127

Introduction to Groups 127

Breaking Connected Faces 127

Disconnecting from Other Objects 129

Project: Using Groups for Cutting 130

Unsticking Objects from a Group .130

Introduction to Components 131

Component Files 131

Component Browser 131

Inserting and Editing Predefined Components 133

Where to Find More Components 137

Creating and Saving Components in the Library 138

Component Source Files and Reloading .140

Alignment and Insertion Point 143

The Outliner: Manipulating Groups and Components 146

Cutting Openings 153

Cutting Method 1 .153

Cutting Method 2 .154

Creating a Window Component Plus a Cutout Component 155

Nested Cutting Components - Specific Wall Thickness 157

Nested Cutting Components - Any Wall Thickness 158

Cutting Holes in a Curved Wall 160

Project: Using Components for Mirroring 162

Replacing Components .162

Tips for Efficiency with Components .164

Table of Contents

iii

Chapter 6: Painting, Materials, and Textures

Overview of Materials 167

Windows Material Browser 167

Mac Materials Browser 169

Where to Find More Materials 171

Applying Materials 171

Using Shift and Ctrl/Option Keys 177

Material Transparency 177

Double-Sided Faces 182

Project: Using Transparent Faces to Simulate Fog Effects 183

Materials of Groups and Components 184

Overview of Materials and Groups 184

Using Groups to Separate Materials 185

Materials of Components 186

Default Component Materials 188

Texture Positioning 190

Fixed Pins 190

Free Pins 194

Using Pictures to Create Realistic Objects 197

Creating a Painted 2D Tree 197

Creating a Painted 3D Bus 199

Project: Creating a Clubhouse 202

Project: Creating a Birdhouse 202

Wrapping Images 203

Projecting an Image onto a Non-Planar Face (Topography) 207

Alpha Transparency 210

Tips for Efficiency with Materials 212

Chapter 7: Sectioning Sectioning Overview 213

Using Sections for Interior Design and Presentation 216

Exporting Section Slices 219

Project: Copying Section Planes for Floor Plans 220

Project: Using Section Planes with Model Intersection 220

Simultaneous Section Cuts 222

Chapter 8: Presentation Layers 223

Setting up the Model 223

Pages 225

Walk and Look Around 226

Position Camera 230

Updating Pages 233

Tourguide / Slideshow 234

Shadows 236

Chapter 9: Sandbox Tools

Creating a Sandbox (TIN) 239

Sandbox from Scratch 239

Smoove 240

Sandbox from Contours .243

Drape and Stamp .244

Drape 245

Stamp 246

Stamp in 3D 247

Adding Detail to a Sandbox 247

Project: Organic Shapes 250

Chapter 10: Using Exact Dimensions Creating Exact Geometry 251

Entity Info .255

Exact Moving and Copying 256

Exact Rotated Copies 260

Symmetry 264

Measuring Length and Area 265

Scaling in 3D 267

Chapter 11: In-Depth Projects Domed Apse 269

Try It Yourself 270

Smoothing Faces of Rotate-Copied Curved Objects 271

Aligning Any Two Faces 272

Curvy Things 273

3D Geometric Objects 277

Starting from a Cube 277

Starting from a Golden Section 278

Starting from a Polygon .279

Project: Creating a Spiral Staircase 282

Project: Creating a Steel Frame 285

Project: Creating a Log Cabin 287

Chapter 12: Program Settings Stacking Windows 289

Display Settings 290

Rendering Modes .291

Displaying Edges and Profiles .292

Table of Contents

v

Model Info 296

Model Info > Colors 296

Model Info > Components 297

Model Info > Dimensions 298

Model Info > File 299

Model Info > Location 299

Model Info > Section Planes 300

Model Info > Statistics 300

Model Info > Text 301

Model Info > Tourguide 301

Model Info > Units 301

Preferences 302

Preferences > Drawing 302

Preferences > Extensions 303

Preferences > Files 303

Preferences > General 303

Preferences > OpenGL 304

Preferences > Shortcuts 304

Preferences > Templates 306

Toolbars / Tool Palettes 306

Export and Import 307

Exporting 307

Importing 309

Chapter 13: Ruby Script SketchUp Ruby Basics 311

Entering Code on the Ruby Console 311

Creating a Script 312

Creating a Script that Requires User Input 312

Using the Help Files to Create Code 315

Provided Scripts 317

Ruby Script Examples 318

Utilities 320

Other Scripts 321

Where to Find More Ruby Scripts 323

Scripts for Film and Stage 323

SketchUp Screen

When you launch SketchUp, your screen looks like this (shown in Windows, Mac is similar):

N OTE : To adjust what toolbars and icons are displayed, select

View / Toolbars (Mac: View / Customize Toolbar)

Drawing and Editing Tools: These tools create geometry

(Line, Arc, Rectangle, etc.), construction objects

(Measure and Protractor), and enable object

manipulation (Move, Rotate, Push/Pull, etc.) They are

all described in this chapter

Drawing Axes: When you open a file, the model contains

a set of red, green, and blue axes (you can see the blue axis

once you orbit the model out of the red-green plane)

These are equivalent to the X, Y, Z axes used in traditional

CAD software You can turn off their display by selecting

View / Axes, and the Axes tool can be used to relocate and

reorient the axes

Status / Prompts: This area serves two purposes When

you hover the cursor over a tool, a description of the tool

appears here When you are using a tool, this area displays

the relevant prompt such as “Select start point” or “Enter

value.”

Value Control Box (VCB): This box is used either to

enter values or to display numerical information If you are using a tool that can take numerical input (usually optional), such as line length or number of copies, all you have to do it type the number and press Enter, and the value appears in the VCB If you are using a tool such as

Measure or Protractor, the length or angle being

measures appears in the VCB

Stacking Windows: These are windows you might want

to keep open as you work They can be made to stick to one another, and you can keep them minimized while you work See "Stacking Windows" on page 289

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Viewing Tools

While creating objects, you need to know how to change

your view and adjust what appears on the screen You can

familiarize yourself with these tools before starting to

draw, or play with them after you’ve created some

geometry

N OTE : For information on ways to display the model itself

(shaded, wireframe, etc.) see "Display Settings" on page 290

Standard Views (Camera / Standard)

SketchUp has five standard orthographic views (Top,

Front, Left, Right, Back) and one Isometric view When

an orthographic view is activated, its description appears

in the top left corner of the display

N OTE : If you are working in Perspective mode, the isometric

view will not be a true isometric projection, although it may

appear pretty close For a true isometric view, work in Paraline

mode.

Orbit (Mac: Orbit Camera) (Camera / Orbit)

Also known as dynamic rotation, this tool simulates

holding an object and turning it around To rotate

your view, activate Orbit and hold and drag the

mouse Pressing Shift while orbiting will pan the

view If you have a three-button mouse, you can hold

the middle mouse button while moving the mouse to

rotate the view from within any other tool

Pan (Mac: Move Camera) (Camera / Pan)

Shifts the center of the model (up, down, left, right), while maintaining the model’s orientation To pan

the view, activate Pan and hold and drag the mouse

If you have a three-button mouse, you can pan by pressing Shift while orbiting (dragging the mouse with the middle button pressed)

Look Around (Camera / Look Around)

Pivots the camera around a stationary point, representing a person standing still and looking side

to side or up and down This tool is helpful when viewing the interior of a model To look around, activate the tool and drag the mouse from side to side, or up and down You can specify the eye height

by typing it and pressing Enter; it will appear in the VCB

Walk (Camera / Walk)

Enables you to move around in a model as a simulation of walking

N OTE : Perspective mode must be on for Walk to work.

The Basics

3

Zoom (Camera / Zoom)

In this tool, drag the mouse up to zoom in, down to

zoom out If you have a wheel mouse, you can scroll

the wheel up or down to zoom In this case, zooming

is relative to the location of the cursor

To change the camera lens (field of view), press Shift

while zooming This is handy for adjusting the

perspective of your image You can also enter an

exact value, such as 45 deg (for field of view) or 35

mm (for focal length)

While in zoom, you can double-click on a point in the

model to make it the new viewing center This is

equivalent to a one-click Pan.

Zoom Window (Camera / Zoom Window)

In this tool you simply click two points to define a

rectangle, and the zoom adjusts to fit the window into

the full screen This is a good way to enlarge your

view of a specific small area of the model

Zoom Extents (Camera / Zoom Extents)

Click this tool to fit the entire model onto the screen, while centering it as well

Previous (Camera / Previous)

Returns the view to the previous view

Shortcut Keys

Also knows as “hotkeys” or “accelerator keys,” keyboard shortcuts can be set up for quick access to tools you use often A few shortcuts are provided for you (such as

Ctrl/Cmd+Z for Undo), but the rest need to be added See

"Preferences > Shortcuts" on page 304

Drawing Tools

Before you can create any forms in SketchUp, you need to

first know how to draw a few things using 2D tools The

six basic drawing tools are Line, Rectangle, Polygon,

Arc, Circle, and Freehand While each of these creates a

2D object, you can use them in any 3D plane

Line

This tool creates lines that typically become edges When

lines (or other objects such as arcs, circles, or polygons)

lie in the same plane and form a closed boundary, a face is

automatically created

1 Open SketchUp, and an empty file appears in Top

view You are looking at the red-green plane, and the

blue axis (vertical) is pointing toward you By

default, you are in the Line tool, as indicated by the

pencil-shaped cursor

N OTE : If you don’t see the axes displayed, select View / Axes

This is a toggle function - it can also turns the axes off.

2 To control the way lines are drawn, open the

Preferences window (Window / Preferences, Mac:

SketchUp / Preferences) Open the Drawing page.

Three setting here affect line creation:

3 We want to enable both methods, so click Auto

detect

4 Also, be sure Continue line drawing is checked, in

order to automatically start a new line after completing a line If this is not checked, you create lines one at a time

5 Close the Preferences.

6 Now open the Model Info window (if it is not already open), either by selecting Window / Model

Info or by clicking the icon.

Mac: You can add this icon to your toolbar via

View / Customize Toolbar.

7 Open the Colors page and check the color for Edges

By default, edges are drawn in black, but you can change this color if you like

8 If you like to work with as much screen space as

possible, close the Model Info window

9 Line should already be active, but if it isn’t, click Line, or select Draw / Line

The Basics

5

10 Click to place the first point (not on the origin), and

move the cursor to the right The On Red Axis

inference tells you that the line will be parallel to the

red axis Click to locate the second point

T IP : You could also click the first point, hold the mouse button,

drag to the second point, and release.

11 Because you selected Continue line drawing, you

immediately start a new line Locate the next point in

the green direction from the last point

12 The next endpoint is to be located directly above the

midpoint of the first line Hover over this point; the

midpoint is indicated by a cyan dot Do not click yet!

13 Move the cursor up in the green direction from this

point, and click to place the next point

14 Move the cursor until you see the Perpendicular

inference (the preview line is magenta) The

perpendicular constraint is always available relative

to the last line you drew Click for the next point, trying to maintain the general proportions shown below

N OTE : You can also use the perpendicular and parallel

constraints relative to any line, not just the one you just drew, as

you will see in another few steps.

15 Make the next line perpendicular from the last line, stopping when the red direction constraint appears

16 Draw the next line in the green direction

17 You can make new lines parallel or perpendicular to any existing line, not just the most recent line Hover over any point along the edge shown

18 and move the cursor until you see the Parallel

inference (be sure not to activate any other

inferences) Do not click yet

19 Now we use a double inference With the Parallel

inference still showing, press Shift This ensures that

no matter where you move the cursor, the line will

always have this parallel orientation When you press

Shift, the magenta inference line turns thicker,

indicating that this constraint is locked

20 With Shift pressed, hover over the corner point

shown to see the double inference Click this point

21 Similarly, press Shift when the next line is

perpendicular to the previous one

22 and constrain it to the start point

23 Draw one more line to complete the face

T IP : If you want to create an open shape, you can press Esc to end the chain.

N OTE : Face colors are set in the Color page of the Model Info

window Each face has a front and back, and these are typically assigned different colors You can reverse a face’s front and

back by right-clicking and selecting Reverse.

24 Like all drawing tools, Line can be used just as easily

in 3D Click Orbit (Mac: Orbit Camera) and move

the mouse to spin the model around (If you have a three-button or scroll wheel mouse, simply hold the middle button / scroll wheel and drag - no need to

activate Orbit).

25 Orbit to the orientation shown below

The Basics

7

26 If it’s not already active, activate Line, and draw a

line from the point shown straight down, in the blue

(vertical) direction

27 To draw a rectangular vertical face, hover over the

desired corner point

28 and move down (in blue) and click when the

double constraint appears

29 Draw the third line to complete the face

30 We will use a parallel constraint again Draw a line

up from the point shown

31 Hover over any point on the edge shown

32 move the cursor until the Parallel inference

appears Press Shift to lock it and click the corner point

33 Complete the face

34 Lines can also be used to divide faces Draw a vertical line connecting the midpoints of the horizontal edges of the face you just completed