~ ~ EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 7 751 Audio 13.. Well, aCCOl"dlng to the California Youth Gang Task Force, lor example, a gang member wil
Trang 1EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUOIO SCRIPTS FOfl MODEL TES T~OOEL TEST 7 747
rou.·""'"""'!l /.:;;.~ '-4·~ ~-,
~.;-' " " ' " ,
Reflection Is what we see In e mirror, so every reflection has a mirror line A reliectiOn or the leiter R
Is a mirror Image or a backwards leiter R So , unlike the rotation around a circle, this type 01 symmetry
flips the object over
•• 10
R
Trang 2748 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOA ACTIVITIES, QUIZZES, ANO MODEL TESTS
stituent configuration on opposite skSes 01 a dividing line or plane or about a center or an axis." And 11'5
also identified In the same source as ~auty as a result of balance or harmoolous arrangement " So we
experience beauty and harmony when symmetry ollorm Is ellPressecl, and the lorm may be Interpreted
by any 01 the senses as, h, harmonious But In this class we're going to locus on symmetry In the visual
arts, and thaI's symmetry in a visual plane
Let's just i0oi< at some examples In general there ate lour types 01 symmetry In a plane, and a pat·
lern Is symmetrical if there's at least one type of symmetry So let me show you the four types since Irs
much easier 10 unclef"Sland when you see them
" , ,- ,, "
_ - "
This Is rota/ion symmetry For this example, I used the letter R , but any obIect could have been
used And In the rotation, the object, in this example, the lener R , Is turned around a center In this case,
there's a right angle bu1 any angle could have been selected
Trang 3~
~
EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 7 751
Audio 13 Identify the main periods of mass extinction
Answer A pernjan
C Crelacoous
Audio 1 Usten again 10 part of tt\e lecture and then answer !he following question
Replay "You see, it's obvious from the fossil recolds thai species e)tiSt during a certain
ge0log-Audio
-, Ao_ •
Audio "
Ana _ D
Audio 16
AudIo 17
M _ e
ical time period , and then they disappear, and we have solid evidence for that But why
they disappear Is well, more speculative
.-Wtry does the professor say this :
The word "speaJ1ativ(l" expresses uncertainly
The premise that an asteroid aashed , bIoddng the sunlight on Earth
What is the evidence for the impact hypothesis?
The clay from the Cretaceous Period contains an elemenl tha t Is fate on Earth
What can be Inferred about the professor's opinion?
Audio ConvefAtion
Narrator: Usten to part of a oonversalion between two students
Man :
Woman :
M.,,,
Woman :
Woman :
M ,,,
Woman :
See I told you
I know, but I was really OOIVOUS
So what n&ppenecI ?
Well, the T.A asked for volunteers to go fllSt, and I raised my hand right away because
I wanted to get it over with before I got any more nervous than I already was
So you went first Yeah I UiiiS 101: - I had about twenty slides 00 PowerPoilit and that really helped me to stay on tract I mean, I didn't read the slides to the class 01
wanted to say wh i le each slide was Shown
Man : That's the beauty 01 P0W9rPoInL
",,",
Woman :
Woman :
",,",
Woman :
",,",
So you could have used the ovemead PI ojettor as a back up Good idea
And 1 had most of the stu" on handouts so they could IoIow along wiIhout spending a lot
as population density
That's lor sure The maps reaJIy helped
A picture's worth a thousand words
USten, can' remember whether you had a group or you had to present all by yourself
righted aler
Trang 4EXPLANA.TORY OR EXAMPLE A.NSWERS AND AUDIO SCRlPTS FOfI MOOEl TESTSiMOOEl TEST 7 753
Dr Jackson :
Bill:
Dr, Jackson :
~ Bill:
Dr Jackson:
Bill:
Dr Jackson:
~ Bill:
Or JackSOn :
Bill:
Sandy:
Sandy:
Dr Jackson:
violence Over time a spiril of solidarity aod an attachmenllO a local territory kiod of forms What's most interesting, besides the long history of gangs in the United States, the Interesting part ifs the fact that not much has changed over the years And, on yes, gang behavior seems pretty slmllar even across cultures
That Is Interesting
Or Jackson, may I go next? I have just a brief comment that seems to fit in here
Please,
gangs actually form In play groups where children of a very young age I usual games like hide-and-seek or klckbaIl, and progress as they get oldSf to playing craps or engaging In petty !hell on the street Now , back to Moore, Bill?
Right Well , , What about Moore's definition of a gang? That relates to ~~,", ,,!,,,,,,,-,,,,,,~
see 'MIat I have that ~~'!!o
",,"
as participating in a crime, either stealing something and bringing it back to the gang, or , , Of elf8n kJlllng someone in an Initiation
Dr Jackson, IloolIed up the definitions of gang members by police departments and law enforcement agencies
011, greal.lel's hear II
Okay Well, aCCOl"dlng to the California Youth Gang Task Force, lor example, a gang member will be recogrU:abIe because of gang-related tattoos clothing and paraphema· lia like SC8fV8S and hats thalldentily a particul8f 98ng and, sometimes these are called the colors, so that allows othef people 10 confirm that the people with the colors on that
they have a right 1 0 be on the gang's tun And , to 1~1ow up on Tracy's comments about the history 01 gangs, it looks like these criteria have been in place for a long, long ~me Good job So far, what I'm hearing though, what I'm hearing refers to gang membership
in general So now let's talk &bout the ages a/gang members Typically, who belongs
to a gang?
Well, this was an eya-opener There seem to be • or maybe not , but al C8tegor1es of gang I
they start writing ijral1it1 on or their notebooks, and they look up 10 the gang memb&~ who are about 14-20 So the little kids are 'Peewefl;" and the
teenagers are called "Gang Bangers.' But the members who are 20-25 years old They're the "Hardcofes," and most of the gangs that I read about didn~ have very many members over 25 years old So I would say that, In general, gang membership Is lor
young men
Dr Jackson: Thanks loryour assessment 01 membership by age And I would certainly agree with you
But what about females? Did anyone find any research on their role in gang activity?
Trang 5754 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTlYITIES, OUIZZES, AND MODEL TESTS
Bill:
Sandy:
Bill:
Sandy;
Aeplay
AudiO
Aeplay
Audio 28,
Th :;;';;; ' k;;;;r;;;;: And anolher interesting thing Maybe this is naIve, boll sort of
imagined thai gang activity was always, , , always criminal activity, But, uh, according
to a sludy by • , • II was James Lasley , , • he looked at gangs In Los Angeles abouIlen years ago , , and anyway, he round that they &pent a lot of time hanging out, listening
to musiC, drinking beef, and /Ust partying with their glrtlriends And he made another good point Since they don~ have spending money, to go places ~ka tha movies or bali games , the neighborhood Is thalr, ,entertainment
Yeah I read th.al stl.ldy Oidn, he say thai some 01 the criminal actMty was lor fun
not really lor financial gain?
~ , or course , there ara Instances 01 crimes for revenge or honor to maintain the reputation 0 1 the gang , bot a lot oi the time, crimes simply occur while gang membef5 are looking lor something to do ,
How does the prolessor organize the discussion?
By definlng gang activity, using inlormation from articles
What was surprising about Thrasher's study?
TI'Ie lact Ihat gang activity haS oeen prevalenl for $0 long
According to the study by Moore, what causes gang activity?
Normalleellngs 01 Insecurity in teen
Usten again to part oItha discussion and then answer tha following question
"And one other Ihing, Moore emphasized that the gang had to define Itsel1as a gang, you know, with some kind 01 criteria lor membership that would be recognl1:ed by all 01
"Such as?"
Why does the prolassor say this:
"Such as?"
To encourage the student to give an example
What Is the role 01 women in gangs?
They are a support system for the gangs
In lhe discussion, the students identity aspects 01 gang activity Indicate whether each
of the folloWing is one of the aspects Click in the corract box for each phrase,
y" N o
Trang 6EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSPAODEL TEST 7 759
Audio 38
A n _ C
What does the pro/essor SuggeSI?
Immediata withdrawal from one oIlhe courses What can we Inter about the situation?
Audio 39
An a _ A The student will probably talk with his adVisor belore registration next term
LAn J 8 "hrr:HtlLlJlJr CI us"
AudiO Lec:t\lre
Narrator: Usten to part of a lecture in a psychology class
~'''' Healih has seen-di:!!ng some Int8lesti~ research on chemica s in lhe
, by looIIing al brain images, and • alleasl 50JTKl ot Iha rll58<1rdl has shown that the bfaln circuits responsible lor sleep, appetite, concentration, and Uh, and mood
chemical Imbalances In the bfaln But we're still unclear about what triggers those Imbalances In the first
""~ Some types of depression appear to be genetically inherited, but olten there's no family histOl'y of
depression or, conversely, a person with a family history may never develop a depressive disorder
So II',al
i called
brain responds
the secretion 01 a
become suicidal
mty cause
,Supposedly, there's an area althe
the retina of the eye so this area oJ the
called melatonin [0 iiiiIti a!!;m.!!Q!Y short: the more ~ \he Ies!i
Is SAO We dlffii11
be 6 '!!!}' severe and' exlreme cases, II'S lile·threatening when patients
So anyway as you can approctate the winter here Is vlIIY dark , cold and gray By spring, almost It\IlIIf}'Orl8ls IIrlKl 01 the gloom, bul lOf some peoopte, those sufferlog with seasonal atlectlve diSOJder.1I can be a serious problem People with seasonal affective disorder experience deep and prolonged depression ttvoughout \he winter months, with what looks like a spontaneous alleviation of the condition
• when spring arrives Before the disorder was IdentifJed It was rath9f a myslery for friends and
What are the symptoms? Well the usual speclrum of problems associated with depresslon-anxiety lack 01 ooocentration, a tendency to sleep more and eat more, cravings lor food with a high
sugar conlent This may be accompanied by weight gain On the oth9f hand, some people act\Ially lose
their appetites and lend to lose a significant amount of weigh\ We also see lower energy levels and lor
some people, a dun headache may accompany the problem
J}'ngllt maier
Trang 7762 ANSWERS ANO AUDIO SCRIPTS FOfI ACTIVmES, aUIZZES, ANO MODEL TESTS
Professor Blake:
Wen, Jim, lhe choice isn' that clear, Um, not at all There are a lot of scienllsts in between, and by thai
I mean lhat they see the lheory 01 everything In a lTlOfe Nmited way, They Ihlnk that string theory, and understand thai Siring theory is inCorporated Into the theory 01 everything , , • um, that string theory can eKplaln all of the properties 01 the forces that cause the particles to interact and Influence each other Yes, Ellen, Did yoo have a commenl?
Ellen :
Well, a questlon, feally Wouldn' it be In.Ie that il you understand everything about the , , I think yoo called it the fundamental characteristics 01 the universe so II you understand that, don' yoo under-stand everything?
Jim:
Walt a minute So that would mean that we know ~ all flaoN and there Isn' anything else to discover, right? Because uh, everything Is physics _ _ everything Is Just a reaction between vibrating slrings
Ellen:
I see your polnt, but you could, you might look at it as a , as a , starting place 1, uh, to build our knowledge, Dr , Blake, you said that i1'd be a structura, didn' you? So we'd have to linin a lot of i nfor-mation but , , • we'd have e s\ruclure to start with In my math elliS! we wera talking alloul string theory because soma 01 the recant advances In mathemallcs have been possible because 01 string theory
Professor Blake:
True enough And, string theory isn' finished by any maans It's evolved from the beginning when we first started to think about it and, uh, the aally models that included both open slrings and the closed strings that I just described to you- the ones that look lika a thin rubber banet And !here's a lot 01 discussion allout vibration or rather variOus types 01 vibration, Then there's the possibility 01
branes-b-r-a-n-e-s-whlc:h are kind 01 like closed strings with a membrane over them,
Jim:
But all of this Is theoretical, right? Because we don' havelhe technology 10 obselYe strings-closed or open- and we certainly can' verily that thera are branes out !here
E l len :
Sure, But there are some very complex and , , and , , , persuasive, uh, mathematicallormulas, and they're presented In support 01 the theorieS It Isn' like someone's jusl dreaming this up without caJcula
-"""
Jim:
But I don' see why we should accept calculations when some of those calculations require us to think beyond what we can obselYe
Professor Blake:
And many physicists would agree with you, Jim Siring theory's unverified Richard Feynman wrote 8 very interesting book, The Character 01 Physical Law , and to Feynman, to him, the test ot any scienlific
theory has to be whether the coosequences agree with the measurements we take in e~periments , 01 course, that assumes that the experiment was performed correctly and, uh, that the calculetions were
done without error, but anyway, I think you see the point
)pyrightoo maier