EXPl.ANATORV OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR MOO€L TESTSIMOOEL TEST 3 627 queens rule .... An attractiva leader A social cause Usten again 10 part of the lecture and then answer
Trang 16 6 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES OUIZZES AND MODEL TESTS
Asslstant:
• • • • ' •• ''''-'';-;-~ • -;-;'-"- .-~ - - - " ! " - ,._
-• • , _ "",i.;.; ! and help you get registered later today Audio
" Why does the student go to the admissions office?
Answer 0 He Is trying to enroll In classes
Audio " What Is missing from the student's rile?
Answer • A Ifanscript from County Community College
AudiO "' Usten again to pM of the conversatloo and then answer the following question
Replay "Oh and you havGn~ boan able to register for yow courses he<e at State UniYorsity
because the computer shows that you are missing some 01 your application materials
Is that it?"
Audio Why does the woman say this:
Replay 'Is that ~r
Answer • The admissions assistant paraphrases the problem and then asks for confirmation that
she has understood H 'Is that ~r means "Is that COfTeCI?"
Audio 21 What does the woman suggest that the man do?
Answer 0 Con~nue to request n official transcript from County Community College
Audio 22 What wUlthe student most probably 00 ncN/1
Answer • Go to the office for transler students to be a5S~ned an acMSOf
Audio Lecture
Narrator: Usten to part of a lecture In an anthropology class
Professor:
TIlIt ooO(;ltpts of peWit!" and aulhority ant ralaled bul they're not the same Power 18 the ability to
exercise inlluence and control over olhers And this can be observed on eV8I'Y level 01 society, from,
well • the relationships within a family to the relationships among nations Power Is usually structured
by customs and • and soc!allnstltutions or laws and tends to be exerted by persuasive arguments or
coercion or or even brute foroe In generel groups with the greatest, uh resources tend to have the
advantage In power struggles So Is power always legitimate? Is it viewed by members 01 society as
Jus~lied ? Well no Power can be reaiil:ed by individuals or groups even when it Involves the resi
s-tance of others if as long as •• as Ioog as they're In e position to Impose their will ~
Okay When Individuals or insMutions posse$S aulnority they nave um a recognIzed and
estab-lshed right •.• to determine poliCIes with the acceptance 01 those over •• over whom they exercise con·
trol Max Weber, the German classical sociologist, proposed three types 01 authority In society:
traditional charismatic, end ratiooel or legal euthority In IlIlthroo types he, u he acknowledged the
right 01 \hose in positions 01 power to lead with the consent 01 the governed ~
ftiiiiitIIIlj _ ' i/riCI tiii ttiiiitlM ol"iiililifij Well, he divided them according to how the right to lead
and the duty 10 tallow are uh, interpreted In traditional authority power resides in customs and
c0nven-tions that provide certaJn people or groups with legitimate power In their societies DIlen their origin is
found In sacred tredltlons The example that most often OOffles ta mind is a monarchy In which kings or
Trang 2EXPl.ANATORV OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR MOO€L TESTSIMOOEL TEST 3 627 queens rule by by birthright, no! because 01 any particular quality of leadership or political
e1ec-tion , just because they have a claim 10 attlhority, based on tracitional acceptance of their position, and in some cases, their, uh, their uti, unique relationship with and, uti, responsibility In religiOuS practices The
In any case, going back to Webef, 10 quality for charismatic authority, a leader must be able 10
""',,' In the seMce of a a cause mat translom\$ the social structure In some way
WhIch leaves us with legal ralionalaulhority, or power that Is legitimized by rules , uh, laws , and
pr0-cedures In such a system, leaders galn authority not by Ir!ldltlonal birthrights or by charismatic appeal
but but rather because they're elected or appointed in aa:ordance with the law, and power Is de1e-gated 10 layers 01 officials who owe their aUegiance to the, uh, principles that are agreed upon rationally, and because they acceplthe Ideal that the law Is supreme In a legal rational society, people accepItha legitimacy 01 authority as a govenvnent of laws, not o leaders So , an example of this type o authority might be a president, like Richard Nixon, who was thraatened with uh, Impeachment because he was perceived as not governing within the law
sodety That preindustrial societies tend to respect , but, uh, as sodeties move into
an Industrial ag~.' ~'~ "" ~ij~~~ '
~ ural rise of 1 rismatic
~
Audio 23 What Is the main purpose 01 this lecture?
Anl_ A The distinction between power and authority is made in the in\Jodl.lCtion but the mar
purpose of the lecture Is to discuss three types 01 authority
Audio
Anl _
Audio
An_
Audio
,
Audio
,
24
e
25
e
C
26
Why does the professor mention Kennedy and Reagan? They were examples of charismatic leaders
According to the professor, what two factors are associated with charlsrnatic authority?
An attractiva leader
A social cause
Usten again 10 part of the lecture and then answer the following QUestion
"But what about power that Is accepted by members o society as right and just, thaI Is
legitimata power? Now we'ra talking about authority And thaI's what I want 10 locus on
today :
Why does the professor say this:
"But what about power that Is accepted by members of society as right and just, thaI Is ,
legitlmata power?"
Professors often ask questions 10 introduce a topic After the question she continues, 'And thaI's whall W8l1t to focus on today" [authorityl
Trang 3EXPl.ANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND UDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEl TEST 3 629
formation 01 rock that reserrtIIes an arch That's because the arch was ben1 from a previously flat forma -tion by uplifting In this anticline, the petroleum is trapped under a fOfTTlation 01 nonporous rocI< with a gas
It The dome O'o'erthe top can be /Od( as In this example, Of It could be a la)"8f 01 clay Tbe impOrtanllhlog 'Is lhallhe cap of lPIJlOIous ma!erial WQO'llet!he oil or gas pass upwants or sldeways 8JJ)Uf1(I iL
Trang 4EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSW'ERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMODEL TEST 3 &31
Audio 32
Audio 33,
Ani B
Why does the prolessor say Ihis:
"Now why would thai be so ?"
He plans to answer the question Professors otlen use rhetorical questions In !heir lec
-tures By poMg a question that they plan to answer , they help students follow the maln
"""'
Select the diagram of the anticline trap that was desaibed In the lecture Click on the
correct diagram
Ar1 anticline trap Is shown irI diagram B
Identity the nonporous rock in the diagram Click on the oorrect leiter
In all traps, the oil is collected in the porous rock and trapped undervround by the
n0n-porous rock
Audio 34 According to the profassoJ, what do geologists look for when they are trying 10 locate a
dome?
A n _ A A bulge in an oIherwise IIa 1 area
lA, 1"'·',,"
Audio Conversation
Narrator:
Ubfarian:
Student :
Ubrarian :
Student :
Ubrarian:
Student:
librarian:
StucIant :
Librarian:
Student:
Librarian :
Student:
I ""' "
Student:
Librarian:
Student:
Librarian:
Student:
Librarian:
Student:
Usten to part of 8 conversation between 8 student and a librarian
Hi, how can I help you?
Okay wen, who's the profess«? You see , we keep the files under the professor's name because there are a couple of sections and the requirements are a little different
Qh, okay.It'a uh, Dr Parsons
Umhum Parsons? I don' see any books
I think it's a DVD
Qh, yes Here it is Qh, wait, actually, there are two of them Bullhat's all right Now
sa I need Is your studentlD
NoptOblem
There you go Now , these will be due back atlhe desk In two hours
Two hours? But that won' 611611 give me time 10 go home and
on, you can' leave the library with reserve materials You have 10 use them here But
we have some DVD players In the booths behind the reference S8CIion I think there are
S6vefal free now
_ l L: ,_ ~.·I ~L·".I " ' , j .1 , I _ Well you can' take materials out again until someone else has used them because the
prolessor only left one copy 01 each Sorry Look, maybe two hours will be enough
I don~ think 80
on, see W&II, when do you have class?
TOITIOITOW morning I know I should ha.ve come In earlier, but this Isn' my only class I
had an exam earlier today, and I was Just waiting to get that oot of the way
I see Wall, look, why don' you •.•
Isn' there any way to get an exception to the policy?
I'm alraid not
Oh Okay \hen, let me just cheek 001 one of the DVDs That way, if I finish It, I can check
out the other one for two hours, right?
righted a1er
Trang 5632 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES, aUIZZES, AND MODEL TESTS
Librarian;
Student
Student
Ubfarian:
Ubrarian:
Librarian:
Siudent:
Librarian:
Librarian:
Librarian:
Siudent:
Libfarian:
Siudent:
librarian:
Student:
Ubrarian:
Audio
Anlwer
35
•
,.-., - - - ' ~ - ;a
, ' I , > - l ' >_ u A \C JL·
QittnilijljflJ
Yes but you have to have it back when the library opens the next day and
Bul l oould do thaI Oh, I'm sorry, you were going to say
Well, It you don~ relum the material to the reserve desk when the librBfY opens, then there's a ten-dollar line for the first hour and e five-dolar fine for awry hour after that ,
Ihat it's late, I mean The usual lee Is one dollar lor every hour but when iI's an
overnight
Ouch
other students who need to use the reserve materials wouldn~ have access to them,
Oh, understand
And another thing Sometimes ffiOfe than one person Is trying 10 use the overnight priv
-ilege so , so sometimes when you wait until the end of the day
Oh And there Isn' any way to put yeor name on a list Of anything?
No, not really it's first come, lirst served
O~ay , Okay Then, I thtnk Ilt go ehead and take the one ova out now because I can
J L l J _ ' 1 -;-:-'
Well, then,
Do you still want to take out one 01 the DVDs?
Yeah I might es well get ana 01 them out 01 the way so 111 only I'lave one lell to watch
Walt a minute Your 10
Oh, I'm sorry, I thought I showed It 10 you
You did, but I need to keep II here at the desll until you return the materlals
What does the man need from lhe librarian?
MateriallOf a cLass-Business 2 0, taught by Dr Parsons
AudlQ 36 What is the man's pcObi&m?
Anlwer B He needs to prepare lor a class discussion
Replay
Audio
Raplay
Answer 0
Answer 0
Audio 39
Answer •
Listen again 10 part 01 a conversation and then answer the lollowing Queslioo
MI don~ know II it will wor1t lor yeo since you have a morning class, but II you check out reserve material less than two hours belOfe the library closes, then yeo can have it
"CNemighl?"
What does the man leel when he says this:
"Overnight?"
His lone expresses surprise and interest
What is the poliCy for materialS on reserve?
Materials may be checl<ecI out overnight two hours before closing
What does the librarian Imply when she tells the man 10 return at nina o'clock?
Ihe librarian tells the man 10 come back at nina o'clock, she Implies thai the IibrBfY will close two hours latet", or eleven O'clock
)pynghted rna n 11
Trang 6EXPLANATORV OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS ANO AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 3 133
Ls'BIhICI B "L1mrArtIIIE Cuss "
Audio Lecture
NarralOf: USlen 10 part 01 a lecture In a meralure class
with the formation In 1836 01 the Transcendental Club in Boslon, Massachusetts, by a group 01 artists
intellee-rual climate 01 Harvard Interestingly enough, many 01 the Transcendentalists were actually Harvard
So their Intellectual community was large enoogh 10 rival the Harvard laculTy
All right then Their CritIcISm of Harvard was that the prof8SSOfS were 100 conservattve alii Old fash
-'\oned Which, come 10 think 01 I, Isn'l an unusual attitude IOf students when they lalk about their proless.or.! Bul in fairness, the ctassroom method of recitation that was popular at Harvard required the
repeti on 01 a lesson without any operational understanding o it In contras! the Transcendentalists
think using dialogues and journals 10 develop and r&a)fd their Ideas Language was viewed as the con' nection between the Individual and society In 1834 Alcott established the Temple School near Boston
- v ~ ,.~ ~~ ~ ~
the Individual So In the literature 01 the time, the Transcendentalists Insisted thai it was basic human
nature to engage In sell-expresslon and many Interpreted this as encouragement lor them to write
Emerson, who served as edilOl'" 01 the Transcendentalist's literary magazine the Di8 / His writing stressed the Importance 01 the individuel In one 01 his best·known essays, "Self·Reliance." he appealed
to Intuition as a source 01 ethiCs, that people shoUld be the judge 01 their own actions, witholJt
Church, In which Intellectuals
~ ~~~::~~~~:~:~~ devoted to the ide~ ;; ; ;;.~""a of a Utopian society " ";;" ! ' came up
Ing the garcians and maintaining the buildings, preparing the load, and so forth And quite a lew were
Farm because they maintained that Improvement had to begin with an Individual not a group
From 1841 \0 1843, Emerson and Thoreau lived and WOI'I<e<! together in Em8fSOll'S home
Trang 7EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 3 637
Professor:
Okay, leI's put it this way • the scientific method is a process lhat we need to keep in mind as we do the wor1I of scientists but we shoold also understand thalli's an Idealized process for making objective judgments about whether a proposed model 01 nature is close to the truth And we should also keep In
mind thai In the wotk 01 sclenllsts olhllf fadors are also broughl 10 bear on lhose Ideal sleps 10 the
Replay
Audio
Replay
Anl_ •
10 49
Anlwer C
Audio SO
Anl_ A
Audio
Anlwer •
What is this discussion mainly about?
The scientific method
Why did the professor give the e)(8(llple of the ancient Egyptians?
To prove that facts may be interpreted differently
Uslen again to part 01 the discussion and then answer the lollowing Question
"So e hypothesis Is a proposed mocIeI.·
"Right But lel's pul this all together, shall wer
Why did the professor say this:
"But let's put this all together shall we?"
He Is beginning a review 01 the process Professors often use the phrase "put It together' when they are summarizing restating and darilylng several parts 01 a
coo-""I
According 10 lhe professor, w11at did Kepler do 10 verily his theory of planetary motion?
He used prior obsetvations to test the model
'Nhal can be coocllJded from information In this discussion?
A model does not always raflee! observations
What tochniquo does tho profosoor U80 to o~ptoin tho procticol application ot tho GCIon·
tlfic method?
An a~ample 01 Kepler's work, w111ch included Intuition and lucie
~ Spoaklng
o Model Test 3, SpNklnljl Section, CD 6, T,.ck 1
"'l'fI&Mr SnuM tIuEmDtr 1 "A I"Mla I'tlsSUSjQf"
Narrator 2: Number 1 Usten lor a question aboola familiar topic Alter you hear the question you have
15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds 10 record your enswer
Narrator I : A possession is an obieCI that you own II you were asked to choose one possession thai
you prize highly, w111ch one would you choose? Why? What mal<.es this possession especially valual)le
10 you? Use specific reasons and details to e~plaln your choice
Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer alter the beep
p