120 rules of english grammar

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR Adverb + H.V +sub +M.V+obj Partial Inversion Adverb +M.V+sub +obj complete Inversion No sooner Rarely never Hardly Barely neither Scarcely often seldom RU

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Adverb + H.V +sub +M.V+obj (Partial Inversion)

Adverb +M.V+sub +obj (complete Inversion)

No sooner Rarely never

Hardly Barely neither

Scarcely often seldom

RULE 3:

A Number of + Plural noun + Plural verb

The Number of + Plural noun + Singular verb

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

She

It Person names

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

one of the + plural noun + relative pronoun +plural verb

only one of the + plural noun + relative pronoun +singular verb

RULE 12:

Perfect continuous tense since/for simple past

Perfect tense

RULE 13:

Since ………point of time

For period of time

approximation Merged together

Coming future Return back Past history Enter into Equally as Comparatively better

4

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 14: ‘to’

Junior Injurous Married

Senior Addicted known

Each ……… each of student(pronoun)

each student(adjective) Every every student (adjective)

every of students(pronoun) X

5

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Both ……… not X (neither/neither….nor)

Both ……… as well as X (both ……and)

RULE 20:

The US is bigger than britain

The population of US is more than that of Britain

The rivers of America are larger than those of canada

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 21 to 24: conditional sentences

Rule 21: If + present simple present simple

Rule 24: If + past perfect …… would have /should have / + V3

(had + V3) could have/might have

RULE 25:

‘not’ and ‘will’ do not come after ‘until’ and ‘unless’

RULE 26:

Do not use ‘s for non – living things

The table’s legs X

The legs of table

RULE 27: Do not use ‘ most ’ before these words

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 28:Present perfect (have +V3)

When two actions occur in past

earlier……past perfect (had+v3)

later …… simple past (v2 (or) did +v1)

8

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 32:

Number +unit(singular)+noun

Number +unit(singular)+ adjective

• Three dozens - three dozen

• Three scores - three score

• Three hundreds - three hundred

• Three lakhs - three lakh

• Three millions - three million

• Five years old - five year old

• Five stars hotel - five star hotel

RULE 33:

Units are always aranged in “Ascending order “

Eg: Thousands of lakhs of people packed into the mosque

RULE 34:

primary purpose and secondary purpose

• Children go to school everyday

• He goes to the school to attend the parent-teacher meeting

RULE 35:

Many + plural noun + plural verb

Many+ a/an + singular noun + singular verb

9

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

• Angry ….with someone

• Angry ……at something

RULE 40:

• Male & female - adjectives(characteristics &accessories)

• Man & woman - noun(profession,post)

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

• The news are - the news is

• An advice - a piece of advice

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 45:

Any other - same category

All - not same category

Gold is more precious than any other metals

Diamond is more precious than all metals

Eg: Five miles needs to be covered completely on foot

Twenty miles need to be covered partly on foot and by car

 the very best

 much the best

RULE 49:

a - consonant sound

an - vowel sound

12

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Know how to (correct)

RULE 54: these words support preposition ‘on’ when particular date/day comes

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 56: these words do not support reflexive pronouns

Bathe I myself

Keep your (S) yourself

Hide your(p) yourselves

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 58:

• Later time in future

• Latter …………second of the two persons or things mentioned

his all children(wrong)

All his children(correct)

15

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 61:

Plural noun + plural verb

Singular noun + singular verb

Either

Neither

Any Any one

none

16

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

 On + specific day - on my birthday , on Republic day

 On + holiday with day - on new year’s day

17

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 67:

 At + hours -at 6 pm

 At + part of th day -at night,at noon ,at midnight

 At + time -at present, at moment ,at breakfast

 At + holidays without day -at newyear

RULE 68:

 In + part of the day - in the morning, in the afternoon ,in the evening

 In + seasons - in summer, in winter ,in spring

 In + periods of time - in the past ,in the future ,in a moment ,in the next century

 In + weeks - in a week ,in 2 weeks

 In + months - in august , in december

 In + years - in 1998 ,in 2004

 In + decades -in 1980s , in seventies

 In + centuries - in the 21 st century

Note : don’t use any preposition before

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Maid-servants Men-servants

Passers-by Runners-up Lords-justice Lookers-on Courts-martial

Inspectors-general Governors-general

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 71: These words do not come together

RULE 73:

• Between ………… 2 , >2(specific)

• Among ……… >2

20

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 76:

Pairing nouns + singular verb

• Bread and butter

• Law and order

• Slow and steady

• Smoking and drinking

• Truth and honesty

• Coming and going

• Rise and fall

• Time and tide

• Rice and curry

• Long and short

• Age and experience

• Tobacco and alcohol

• Hammer and sickle

• Horse and carriage

• Screaming and shouting

• Sum and substance

Us them

Someone Somebody Something

No one Nobody Nothing

None + but Nothing + but

22

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

RULE 79:

• Quite………… very

• Quiet………… silent

RULE 80:

• Collective nouns ……… singular verb (single action)

• Collective nouns…………plural verb (different actions)

23

Want Wish Desire Feel Like Hope Suggest Fear Find Mind Promise

Think Belive Know Trust Understand Expect Remember Forget Agree Need

Rule 82:

Article noun + and + noun … singular verb

Article noun + and + article noun plural verb

• The principal and secretary is coming here next week

• The principal and the secretary are coming here next week

Note: sometimes you can get possessive adjective in the place of Article

Rule 83:

• Very … positive degree,present participle adjective(v1+ing)

• Much comparative degree,past participle adjective(v3)

Exception: very annoyed , very pleased , very delighted , very tired

,very surprised , very obliged

• Times positive degree (as adj as)

• Twice … positive degree (as adj as)

• Thrice … positive degree (as adj as)

• Half … positive degree (as adj as)

Eg: Iam three times faster than you (wrong)

Iam three times as fast as you(correct)

Rule 85:

• Much too + adjective /adverb

Eg: it is much too expensive

He runs much too quickly

• Too much + noun

Eg:he has too much money

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

25

• Verb + too much

Eg:he works too much

Here are some suffixes w.r.t noun ,adjective, adverb

-tion /-sion /-cion

-ic -ive

• Until … time /upto

• Unless condition/ except for

Eg : They waited until she returned

You will not succeed unless you work hard

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

26

Eg:he works very hard

Hardly … almost not

Eg: I hardly know him

Aloud … audibly

Eg: she read the letter aloud

Loudly … noisily

Eg: she laughed loudly

Late … not on time

Eg: he arrived late

Lately … recently

Eg: he has n’t been looking well lately

Easy … not difficult

Eg: it is easy to install

Easily … simply

Eg:she climbed the mountain easily

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

27

Eg: she lives here

Up /down Near Within Away

In / out

Now Soon Yet Still Then / always Today / tomorrow /yesterday

After / before /ago Lately

Already Never Since

Rule 91:

These words follow

preposition “as” These words do not follow preposition “as”

Rule 93:

• Who for subjective case

Eg: This is the who works hard

• Whom … for objective case

Eg: This is the boy whom all praise

Rule 94:

• Whoever … for subjective case

• Whomever for objective case

Note : who / whom come after noun / pronoun otherwise

we can get whoever / whomever

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

29

Rule 95:

That ….people , animals and things Which … animals and things

3 All , same , any , none , nothing , only

Don’t use for people

Rule 96:

Relative pronoun takes verb based on its antecedent

Singuladr noun singular verb

Plural noun … plural verb

Eg: It is I who is shouting(wrong)

Though / although … yet (but X )

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

30

Eg: she has and will help the poor(wrong)

She has helped and will help the poor (correct)

Rule 102:

It's … it is / it was

Its possessive form of ‘It’

Rule 103:

One - one’s

Rule 104:

Let + objective pronoun

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

31

Rule 105:

Eg: Being a very hot day ,I remained indoors (wrong )

It being a very hot day ,I remained indoors(correct)

Rule 106:

Proper noun as common noun … use ‘the’

• Williamshakespear was a great engish dramatist

• Kalidas is the shakespear of India

do / did need /need not dare /dare not ought

rather / had rather better / had better had as soon as had sooner

except but save than

Rule 111: Use same parts of speech after these connectors

Either … or

Neither nor

Not only but also

Both … and

Eg: you can either stay with him or with me (wrong)

You can stay either with him or with me (correct)

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

33

Rule 112: Pronoun should be according to the second subject

Or

Nor

Either ….or

Neither or

Eg: hari or his friends may offer his services (wrong)

hari or his friends may offer their services(correct)

Eg: Each man and each boy casts their vote(wrong)

Each man and each boy casts his vote(correct)

34

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Rule 114:

Verb ->main subject

• The quality of the mangoes were not good (wrong)

• The quality of the mangoes was not good (correct)

Rule 115:

Plural subject -> verb -> singular

(specific amount , specific distance , specific period , specific measurement)

Eg: five miles are not long way (wrong)

five miles is not long way(correct)

Rule 116:

Eg: Three were killed and one injured

Three were killed and one was injured

35

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Rule 117: use article ‘the’

• Great & sacred books eg: Ramayana

• Single universal objects eg:The sun

• Newspapers & magazines eg:The

Hindu

• Musical instuments eg: The Guitar

• Physical positions eg: The Centre

• Historical periods eg: The mouryan

• Straits eg: The Davis strait

• Ordinals eg: The second

• Superlatives eg: The best

• Comparatives eg: The better

Rule 118:

Lot of / most of + uncountable noun + singular verb

Lot of / most of + countable noun + plural verb

36

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Rule 120:

• Positive degree ->”as adj as” ->subjective pronoun

• Comparative degree ->”than” ->subjective pronoun

Subjective

pronoun

Objective pronoun

us Them

37

120 RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR