Mệnh đề trạng ngữ adverb clauses

Một số cấu trúc đi với DĐTDanh từ + giới từ + DĐT: choice of reason for intention of method of for excuse for possibility of for I cannot accept the reason for his coming late. Một số cấu trúc đi với DĐTDanh từ + giới từ + DĐT: choice of reason for intention of method of for excuse for possibility of for I cannot accept the reason for his coming late.

ADVERB CLAUSES

Prepared by vmhuetn@gmail.com

TOEFL class

1 Overview

 The people danced as the music played

 Since Max seldom talks about himself, I did not

know he liked classical ballet

 I bought the book so that I could read on the

 The people danced as

the music played

 We worked as long as

we could

yesterday just as it had been all week long

 We should take a first

- aid kit in case there

is an accident

 Since Max seldom

talks about himself, I did not know he liked classical ballet

with Bill provided

we bring our own equipment.

so that I could read

on the flight

belongings fell onto the conveyor belt

shock that she dropped the tray

 Jim goes hiking,

despite the fact that

he has asthma

 Jenny’s smile is an

important aspect of her personality, even if she does not realize it

3 Reduced adverb clauses

 An adverb clause can be changed to a reduced

one if the subject of the main clause and the subject of the adverb clause are the same

 A reduced adverb clause consists of:

 a present participle (active voice)

 or a past participle (passive voice)

 or an adjective + clause maker (although,

when, while)

3 Reduced adverb clauses

 Adverb clauses that begin with after, before,

since, when, and while are frequently reduced

to phrases

 When reducing adverb clauses that begin with

because, when or while, sometimes the

subject and subordinator / clause markers are omitted

3 Reduced adverb clauses

 Because it was once considered a dangerous predator,

the wolf has been hunted to near-extinction

→ Once considered a dangerous predator, the wolf has

been hunted to near-extinction.

 When she returned to her native city, Kate Chopin

began to write the stories for which she is noted

→ Returning to her native city, Kate Chopin began to

write the stories for which she is noted

3 Reduced adverb clauses

 After the space probes landed on Mars, they sent

back pictures

→ After landing on Mars, the space probes sent back

pictures

 Although the moon rocks were expensive to obtain,

they provided valuable information

→ Although expensive to obtain, the moon rocks

provided valuable information

3 Reduced adverb clauses

 When a substance undergoes a slow oxidation, the

substance can burst into flame.

→ When undergoing a slow oxidation, the substance can

burst into flame.

 Benjamin Franklin invented many things while he was

working as a printer.

→ Benjamin Franklin invented many things while working as

a printer.

3 Reduced adverb clauses

 Frank Sprague developed the elevator after he had

improved the electric motor

→ Frank Sprague developed the elevator after

improving the electric motor

 Since it was discovered, penicillin has been used to

treat bacterial infections

→ Since discovered, penicillin has been used to treat

bacterial infections

4 Verb tense of the adverb clauses

 In most adverb clauses, the verb has the

same tense as the verb in the main clause.

 The time refers to something that will happen,

use a present tense.

 As soon as I find my car keys, we’ll leave

4 Verb tense of the adverb clauses

 Some exceptions

 “in case” / “just in case”

+ clause refers to a possible future situation, use simple present tense

 The verb in the main

clause is in the present tense or present perfect tense, use “can” “may”

“will” or “shall”

 The verb in the main

clause is in the past tense, use “could”

“might” “would” or

“should”

 I am bringing my umbrella

(just) in case it rains

 I want to learn typing so that

I can type my own essays.

 Margo wrote the items on a

list that we would remember everything.

4 Verb tense of the adverb clauses

 Some exceptions

 Conditional type 1

 Conditional type 2

 If someone speaks to

Lily, she turns red

 If you don’t believe

me, you can ask Mike

 If you haven’t had this

kind of cookie, we should get some for you to try

 He couldn’t sleep

unless he got a lot of exercise

5 Notes

 Some prepositions have almost the same meaning as

some of the clause markers but they can be used only with nouns, noun phrases, or pronouns They cannot be used with clauses

5 Notes

 In spite of the damage to the spacecraft, the

astronauts got back to Earth safely

 In case of contamination, special suits were worn

 Many of the planets are cratered because of meteor

bombardment

 Radio receivers were used during the Second World

War

6 TOEFL strategy

 Incorrectly formed adverb phrase

Becquerel’s work with radioactivity, Marie Curie began to study uranium

A She followed

B Followed

C Following

D It follows

The end