Iec 60404 1 2016

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron containin u avoida le impurities, together with a low level of other elements whic may arise f om ad ition neces itated d rin the man f a

Trang 1

IEC 60404- 1

Editio 3.0 2 16-10

Magnet ic mat erials –

Part 1: Classificat ion

Trang 2

THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED

Copyr ight © 2 16 IEC, Ge e a, Switzer la d

Al rig ts r es r ve Unle s oth rwis s e ifi d, n p rt of this p blc tio ma b r epr od c d or uti z d in a y form

or b a y me n , ele tr onic or me h nic l in lu in p oto o yin a d microfim, with ut p rmis io in wr itin from

eith r IEC or IEC's memb r Natio al Commite in th c u tr y of th re u ste If y u h v a y q e tio s a o t IEC

c p r i ht or h v a e q ir y a o t o tainin a ditio al ri hts to this p blc tio , ple s c nta t th a dr es b low or

y ur lo al IEC memb r Natio al Commite for ur th r informatio

Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is th le din glo al org niz tio th t pr ep res a d p bls e

Internatio al Sta d r ds for al ele tri al ele tr onic a d relate te h olo ie

Abo t IEC p blc tio s

Th te h ic l c nte t of IEC p blc tio s is k pt u d r c n ta t r eview b th IEC Ple s ma e s re th t y u h v th

late t e itio ,a c rr ig n a or a ame dme t mig t h v b e p bls e

IEC Cat alo ue - webst ore.e ch/ cat alo ue

Th st an -alo e a plc t io for c n ultin th e tire

biblo ra hic l informat io o IEC Intern tio al Sta d rd ,

Te h ic l Sp cific tio s, Te h ic l R ep rts a d oth r

d c me ts A v aia le for P , Ma OS, A ndroid Ta let s a d

iPa

IEC p blc t i ns s arch - www ie ch/ se rch u

Th a v an e s arc e a le t o fin IEC p blc t io s b a

variety of crit eria (efere c n mb r, t ext, t ec nic l

c mmitt e,…) It als gives informatio o projec t s, re la e

a d wit hdrawn p blc tio s

IEC Just P blshed - webst ore.e ch/ just pu lshed

St ay u to d te o al n w IEC p blc tio s Ju t Pu ls e

d t ais al n w p blc t io s rele s d A v aia le o ln a d

als o c a mo t h b emai

Ele t ro edia - www ele t ro edia.org

Th world's le din o ln dic t io ary of elec t ro ic a d

ele t ric l terms c nt ainin 2 0 0 terms a d d finitio s in

En ls a d Fre c , wit h e uiv ale t t erms in 15 a dit io al

la g a e Als k nown a t he Intern t io al Ele trote h ic l

Vo a ulary (IEV ) o ln

IEC Glos ar y - st d.e ch/ glos ary

6 0 0 elec t rot ec nic l t ermin lo y e t rie in En ls a d

Fre c e t ra te fom t he Terms a d Definitio s cla s of

IEC p blc tio s is u d sin e 2 0 Some e t rie h v e b e

c le te fo m e rler p blc t io s of IEC TC 3 , 7 , 8 a d

CISPR

IEC Cust omer Servic Cent re - webst ore.ec ch/ csc

If y ou wis to giv e u your fe d a k o t his p blc tio or

n e furt her a sista c , ple s c nta t t he Cu tomer Serv ic

Ce t re:c c@ie c

Trang 3

IEC 60404- 1

Edit io 3.0 2 16-10

Magnet ic mat erials –

Part 1: Classificat ion

Trang 4

FOREWORD 4

1 Sco e 6

2 Normative ref eren es 6

3 Terms an def i ition 7

4 Mag etical y soft materials (co rcivity ≤1 kA/m) 8

4.1 Clas A – Iron 8

4.1.1 Ref eren e doc ments 8

4.1.2 Chemical comp sition 8

4.1.3 Basis of s bclas ification 8

4.1.4 Avai a le f orms 8

4.1.5 Ph sical c aracteristic 8

4.1.6 Main a pl cation 8

4.2 Clas B – L w carb n mi d ste ls 9

4.2.1 Clas B1 – Bulk material 9

4.2.2 Clas B2 – Flat material 9

4.3 Clas C – Si con ste ls 10 4.3.1 Clas C1 – Bulk material 10 4.3.2 Clas C2 – Flat material 1

4.4 Clas D – Other ste ls 16 4.4.1 Clas D1 – Bulk material 16 4.4.2 Clas D2 – Flat material 18 4.4.3 Clas D3 – Stainles ste ls 18 4.5 Clas E – Nic el-iron al oy 19 4.5.1 Clas E1 – Nic el content 7 % to 8 % 19 4.5.2 Clas E2 – Nic el content 5 % to 6 % 2

4.5.3 Clas E3 – Nic el content 4 % to 51 % 21

4.6 Clas F – Iron-co alt al oy 2

4.6.1 Clas F1 – Co alt content 4 % to 5 % 2

4.6.2 Clas F2 – Co alt content 3 % 2

4.6.3 Clas F3 – Co alt content 2 % to 3 % 2

4.7 Clas G – Other al oy 2

4.7.1 Clas G1 – Aluminium-iron al oy 2

4.7.2 Clas G2 – Aluminium-si con-iron al oy 2

4.8 Clas H – Mag etical y sof t materials made by p wder metal urgical tec niq es 2

4.8.1 Clas H1 – Sof t fer ites 2

4.8.2 Clas H2 – Mag etical y sof t sintered materials 2

4.8.3 Clas H3 – Powder comp sites 2

4.9 Clas I – Amorphou sof t mag etic materials 3

4.9.1 General 3

4.9.2 Clas I1 – Iron-b sed amorphou al oy 3

4.9.3 Clas I2 – Co alt-b sed amorphou aloy 31

4.9.4 Clas I3 – Nic el-b sed amorphou al oy 3

4.10 Clas J – Nano-cry tal ne sof t mag etic materials 3

Trang 5

4.10.1 Ref eren e doc ment 3

4.10.2 Prod ction proces 3

5 Mag etical y hard materials (co rcivity > 1 kA/m) 3

5.1 Clas Q – Mag etostrictive al oy – Rare e rth iron al oy (Clas Q1) 3

5.2 Clas R – Mag etical y hard al oy 3

5.2.1 Clas R1 – Aluminium-nic el-co alt-iron-titanium (AlNiCo) al oy 3

5.2.2 Clas R3 – Iron-co alt-vanadium-c romium (FeCoVCr) al oy 3

5.2.3 Clas R5 – Rare e rth co alt (RECo) al oy 3

5.2.4 Clas R6 – Chromium-iron-co alt (CrFeCo) al oy 3

5.2.5 Clas R7 – Rare e rth-iron-b ron (REFeB) aloy 3

5.3 Clas S – Mag etical y hard ceramic – Hard fer ites (Clas S1) 3

5.3.2 Chemical comp sition an man f acturin method 3

5.3.4 Avai a le forms 3

5.4 Clas T – Other mag etical y hard materials – Marten itic ste ls (Clas T1) 4

5.4.2 Comp sition 4

5.5 Clas U – Bon ed mag etical y hard materials 41

5.5.1 General 41

5.5.2 Clas U1 – Bon ed aluminium-nic el-co alt-iron-titanium (AlNiCo) mag ets 41

5.5.3 Clas U2 – Bon ed rare e rth-co alt (RECo) mag ets 4

5.5.4 Clas U3 – Bon ed ne d mium-iron-b ron (REFeB) mag ets 4

5.5.5 Clas U4 – Bon ed hard f er ite mag ets 4

5.5.6 Clas U5 – Bon ed rare e rth-iron-nitrogen mag ets 4

Trang 6

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

_

MA GNETIC MA TERIALS –

Part 1: Classification

1 Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is a worldwid org niz tio for sta d rdiz tio c mprisin

al n tio al ele trote h ic l c mmite s (IEC Natio al Commite s) Th o je t of IEC is to promote

intern tio al c -o eratio o al q e tio s c n ernin sta d rdiz tio in th ele tric l a d ele tro ic f i ld To

this e d a d in a ditio to oth r a tivitie , IEC p bls e Intern tio al Sta d rd , Te h ic l Sp cif i atio s,

Te h ic l Re orts, Pu lcly Av ia le Sp cif i atio s (P S) a d Guid s (h re f ter refer e to a “IEC

Pu lc tio (s)”) Th ir pre aratio is e tru te to te h ic l c mmite s; a y IEC Natio al Commite intere te

in th s bje t d alt with ma p rticip te in this pre aratory work Intern tio al g v rnme tal a d n n

-g v rnme tal org niz tio s laisin with th IEC als p rticip te in this pre aratio IEC c la orate clo ely

with th Intern tio al Org niz tio f or Sta d rdiz tio (ISO) in a c rd n e with c n itio s d termin d b

a re me t b twe n th two org niz tio s

2) Th f ormal d cisio s or a re me ts of IEC o te h ic l maters e pre s, a n arly a p s ible, a intern tio al

c n e s s of o inio o th rele a t s bje ts sin e e c te h ic l c mmite h s re re e tatio fom al

intere te IEC Natio al Commite s

3) IEC Pu lc tio s h v th form of re omme d tio s f or intern tio al u e a d are a c pte b IEC Natio al

Commite s in th t s n e Whie al re s n ble ef forts are ma e to e s re th t th te h ic l c nte t of IEC

Pu lc tio s is a c rate, IEC c n ot b h ld re p n ible for th wa in whic th y are u e or f or a y

misinterpretatio b a y e d u er

4) In ord r to promote intern tio al u if ormity, IEC Natio al Commite s u d rta e to a ply IEC Pu lc tio s

tra s are tly to th ma imum e te t p s ible in th ir n tio al a d re io al p blc tio s An div rg n e

b twe n a y IEC Pu lc tio a d th c re p n in n tio al or re io al p blc tio s al b cle rly in ic te in

th later

5) IEC its lf d e n t pro id a y ate tatio of c nf ormity In e e d nt c rtific tio b die pro id c nf ormity

a s s me t s rvic s a d, in s me are s, a c s to IEC mark of c nf ormity IEC is n t re p n ible f or a y

s rvic s c rie o t b in e e d nt c rtific tio b die

6) Al u ers s o lde s re th t th y h v th late t e itio of this p blc tio

7) No la i ty s al ata h to IEC or its dire tors, emplo e s, s rv nts or a e ts in lu in in ivid al e p rts a d

memb rs of its te h ic l c mmite s a d IEC Natio al Commite s f or a y p rs n l injury, pro erty d ma e or

oth r d ma e of a y n ture wh ts e er, wh th r dire t or in ire t, or for c sts (in lu in le al f ee ) a d

e p n e arisin o t of th p blc tio , u e of, or rela c u o , this IEC Pu lc tio or a y oth r IEC

Pu lc tio s

8) Ate tio is drawn to th Normativ refere c s cite in this p blc tio Us of th refere c d p blc tio s is

in is e s ble for th c r e t a plc tio of this p blc tio

9) Ate tio is drawn to th p s ibi ty th t s me of th eleme ts of this IEC Pu lc tio ma b th s bje t of

p te t rig ts IEC s al n t b h ld re p n ible f or id ntif yin a y or al s c p te t rig ts

International Stan ard IEC 6 4 4-1 has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commite 6 :

Mag etic al oy an ste ls

This third edition can els an re laces the secon edition publs ed in 2 0 an con titutes a

tec nical revision

This edition in lu es the f ol owin sig if i ant tec nical c an es with resp ct to the previou

edition:

a) Removal of al ta les an values des ribin typical pro erties of the material to b

con istent with the aim of the doc ment to b a clas if i ation an not a sp cif i ation

b) Enlargement of the Ni content f or the clas es E1 an E3

c) Enlargement of the Co content for the clas es F3

d) Ad ition of a new clas : U5 b n ed rare e rth-iron-nitrogen mag ets

Trang 7

The text of this standard is b sed on the fol owin doc ments:

Ful inf ormation on the votin for the a proval of this International Stan ard can b fou d in

the re ort on votin in icated in the a ove ta le

This doc ment has b en draf ted in ac ordan e with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2

A lst of al p rts in the IEC 6 4 4 series, publ s ed u der the general title Mag et ic

materials, can b f ou d on the IEC we site

The commite has decided that the contents of this doc ment wi remain u c an ed u ti the

sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site u der "htp:/ we store.iec.c " in the data related to

the sp cific doc ment At this date, the doc ment wi b

Trang 8

MA GNETIC MA TERIALS –

Part 1: Classification

This p rt of IEC 6 4 4 is inten ed to clas ify commercial y avai a le mag etic materials

The term "mag etic materials" denotes s bstan es where the a pl cation req ires the

existen e of f er omag etic or fer imag etic pro erties

In this doc ment, the clas ification of mag etic materials is b sed up n the general y

recog ized existen e of two main groups of prod cts:

• soft mag etic materials (co rcivity ≤1 0 0 A/m);

• hard mag etic materials (co rcivity >1 0 0 A/m)

Within these main groups, the clas ification when a pro riate recog izes the f ol owin

c aracteristic :

• the main al oyin element an the metal urgical state an ph sical pro erties of the

material;

• when p s ible an con enient, the relation hip b twe n these c aracteristic is identified

A clas if i ation by sp cific are s of a pl cation can ot b a pled to al materials b cau e

diff erent materials can very often b u ed f or the same a pl cation de en in on the

c aracteristic req ired

The f ol owin doc ments are ref er ed to in the text in s c a way that some or al of their

content con titutes req irements of this doc ment For dated referen es, only the edition

cited a ples For u dated ref eren es, the latest edition of the ref eren ed doc ment (in lu in

an amen ments) a pl es

IEC 6 0 0-121, Intern t ion l Electrotec nic l Vo a ulary – Part 121: Ele troma n t ism

IEC 6 0 0-151, I ntern t ion l El ectrote h ic l Vo a ul ary – Part 151: Electric l a d ma n tic

de ic s

IEC 6 0 0-2 1, Int ern tion l El ectrotec nic l Vo a ulary – Ch pter 2 1: Ma n t ic mat erials

a d c mp n nts

IEC 6 4 1-3, Terms a d n me clature for c res mad e of ma n tic ll soft fer ites – Part 3:

Guid el i es o the format of d ata a p aring in ma ufa turers c tal og es oftra sformer a d

ind uct or c res

IEC 6 4 4-2, Mag etic materials – Part 2: M ethods of me sureme t of the ma n t ic

pro erties ofele tric l st eel sh et a d strip b me ns of a Epst ein fame

IEC 6 4 4-3, Mag et ic materials – P art 3: M ethods of me sureme t of t he ma n t ic

pro ert ies ofma n t ic sh et a d strip b me ns of a si ngle sh et t ester

Trang 9

IEC 6 4 4-4, Mag et ic materials – P art 4: M ethods of me sureme t of d.c ma n tic

pro erties ofiro a d st eel

IEC 6 4 4-6, Mag etic materials – Part 6: M ethods of me sureme t of the ma n t ic

pro ert ies of ma n tic l l soft metal l ic a d p wder mat erials at fe u n ies in th ra g

2 Hz t o 2 0 kHz b the use of ring sp cime s

IEC 6 4 4-7, Mag etic materials – Part 7: Meth d of me sureme t of th c ercivity of

ma n tic mat erials in a o e ma n tic circ it

IEC 6 4 4-8-1, Mag et ic materials – P art 8-1: Sp cific t io s for individu l materials –

Mag etic l l h rd mat erials

IEC 6 4 4-8-3, Mag etic materials – Part 8-3: Sp cific t ions for ind ivid ual mat erials –

Cold-roll ed ele tric l n n-all oyed a d a o ed ste l sh et a d strip d eli ered in t he semi-pro es ed

state

IEC 6 4 4-8-4, Mag etic mat erials – Part 8-4: Sp cific tions for ind ivid ual materials –

Cold-roll ed n n-oriented elect ric l st eel strip a d sh et del ivered in the fu y-pro es ed stat e

IEC 6 4 4-8-5, Mag etic materials – P art 8: Sp cific tions for ind ividu l mat erials –

Se t ion Five: Sp cific t ion for steel sh et a d st rip with sp cified me h nic l pro erties a d

ma n tic p rme bility

IEC 6 40 -8-6, Mag et ic mat erials – Part 8-6: Sp cific tio s for ind ividual materials – Soft

ma n tic metal lic materials

IEC 6 40 -8-7, Mag et ic materials – P art 8-7 : Sp cific t io s for ind ivid ual materials

–Cold-roll ed grain-oriented el ectric l steel strip a d sh et de vered in t he fu y pro es ed st at e

IEC 6 40 -8-8, Mag etic materials – P art 8: Sp cific tions for ind ividu l mat erials –

Se tion 8: Sp cific t ion for thin ma n t ic steel st rip for use at medium fe u n ies

IEC 6 40 -8-9, Mag etic materials – P art 8: Sp cific tions for ind ividu l materials –

Se tion 9: St and ard sp cific tion for sintered soft ma n tic materials

IEC 6 4 4-8-10, Mag et ic materials – P art 8-10: Sp cific tions for ind ivid ual mat erials –

Mag et ic materials (iro a d st eel for use in relays

IEC 6 4 4-10, Mag etic materials P art 10: Methods of me sureme t of ma n t ic pro ert ies

of ma n tic sh et a d strip at med ium fe u n ies

ISO 4 4 -1, Steels – Clas ific t ion – P art 1: Clas ific t ion of st eels int o u a oyed and all oy

steels b sed o c emic l c mp sition

3 Terms and def initions

For the purp ses of this doc ment, the terms an definition given in IEC 6 0 0-121,

IEC 6 0 0-151, IEC 6 0 0-2 1 an in the prod ct stan ard of the IEC 6 4 4-8 series a ply

ISO an IEC maintain terminological data ases f or u e in stan ardization at the fol owin

ad res es:

• IEC Electro edia: avai a le at ht p:/ www.electro edia.org/

• ISO Onl ne browsin platf orm: avai a le at htp:/www.iso.org/o p

Trang 10

4 Magnetical y sof t materials (coercivity ≤1 kA /m)

4.1 Cla s A – Irons

4.1.1 Refere c doc me ts

These materials are covered by IEC 6 4 4-8-6 an IEC 6 4 4-8-10

4.1.2 Chemic l composition

The b sic con tituent of these materials is pure iron, an they are often refer ed to as

"commercial y pure" or "mag etical y soft" iron The material also contain u avoida le

impurities that may af fect mag etic pro erties The amou t of impurities that ad ersely af fect

the remanen e, co rcivity, saturation, mag etic p larization an sta i ty of the mag etic

prop rties are lmited to prod ce the req ired mag etic pro erties for the pro osed

a pl cation For information the most sig ificant impurities when they are present in these

materials are carb n (up to 0,0 %), si con (up to 0,1 %), man anese (up to 0,2 %),

phosphoru (up to 0,015 %), s lph r (up to 0,0 %), aluminium (up to 0,0 %), titanium (up to

0,1 %) an vanadium (up to 0,1 %)

NOT For impro e f re ma hinin c p bi ty, th amo nt of p o p oru a d s lp ur c n b hig er th n

in ic te a o e

4.1.3 Ba is of s bcla sific tion

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on co rcivity values

4.1.4 A vai able f orms

These materials are avai a le in a wide variety of f orms They may b s p led as sla s,

bi ets, in ots or forgin s; as hot- ol ed b r in rectan ular an s uare cros -section ; as h

ot-roled wire rod in rou d, hexagonal an octagonal cros -section ; in cold- ol ed an drawn

f orms as b r an wire; as hot- or cold- ol ed s e t an strip

4.1.5 Phy ic l c ara teristic

In ad ition to the values of co rcivity, a more complete def i ition of these materials can b

b sed on the fol owin c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

saturation mag etic p larization, mag etic p larization at variou

values of mag etic field stren th (f om whic p rme bi ty can b

derived), sta i ty of c aracteristic with time;

• mec anical:

hard es , s ita i ty f or pu c in o eration , f re mac inin

ca a i ty, de p drawin pro erties, ten i e stren th;

• metal urgical state:

hot- or cold-worked, f orged, de p drawn, f ul y proces ed state, i.e

f i al an e led

NOT For material n t d lv re in th fuly pro e s d state, s b la sif i atio is b s d o th c ercivity

me s re after h at tre tme t a c rdin to th re uireme ts of th pro u t sta d rd or th re omme d tio s of

th ma ufa turer

Ran es of sp cified values for the a ove-mentioned mag etic c aracteristic in the ful y

proces ed state are given in the cor esp n in produ t sp cification

4.1.6 Main appl c tions

The main a pl cation are in DC relay , lou sp akers, electromag ets, mag etic clutc es,

brakes, p rts f or mag etic circ its in in truments an control a p ratu , as wel as for p le

pieces an other DC p rts f or generators an motors

Trang 11

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron containin u avoida le impurities, together

with a low level of other elements whic may arise f om ad ition neces itated d rin the

man f acturin proces The amou t of al oyin elements is lmited to that of a non-al oy steel

as defined in ISO 4 4 -1, in p rtic lar si con is les than 0,5 %

4.2.1.3 Ba is of s bcla sific tion

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on the co rcivity

4.2.1.4 Av i able f orms

These materials are normal y s p l ed in the form of castin s or forgin s in a f i al he

t-tre ted con ition or p rtial y mac ined to drawin s s p l ed by the u er or as b r, wire rod or

wire in the hot- oled, cold- ol ed or cold-drawn con ition

4.2.1.5 Phy ic l c ara teristic

In ad ition to the co rcivity a more complete def i ition of these materials can b b sed on the

f ol owin pro erties:

f e dom f rom defects;

hot- or cold-worked, an e led to prod ce req ired mag etic

c aracteristic

Mec anical an non-destru tive tests are made in ac ordan e with the a pro riate

ISO stan ard Co rcivity s al b me s red in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-7, other mag etic

pro erties in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-4

Ran es of typical values of mag etic an mec anical pro erties are given in the

cor esp n in prod ct sp cif i ation

4.2.1.6 Main appl c tions

The materials are u ed for large DC mag ets where no mec anical stren th is req ired, f or

example, in def lection mag ets in elementary p rticle ph sic an f or relay a pl cation

4.2.2 Cla s B2 – Flat material

These materials are covered by IEC 6 4 4-8-3, IEC 6 4 4-8-4 an IEC 6 4 4-8-10

4.2.2.2 Chemic l composition

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron containin u avoida le impurities, together

with a low level of other elements whic may arise f rom ad ition neces itated d rin the

man f acturin proces The amou t of al oyin elements is l mited to that of non-al oy ste l as

Trang 12

defined in ISO 4 4 -1, in p rtic lar si con is les than 0,5 % These materials can have an

an e l n tre tment af ter pun hin to en an e their mag etic pro erties

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed either on the sp cif i total los whic is a

f un tion of thic nes an is normal y me s red at a mag etic p larization value of 1,5 T an

at normal in u trial p wer f req en ies or (for relay a pl cation) on the co rcivity

These materials are s p l ed in the form of cold- ol ed coi s or s e ts or (f or relay a pl cation)

in the form of hot- oled strip, s e t or plate

In ad ition to sp cific total los , a more complete definition of these materials can b b sed

on the fol owin pro erties:

hot- ol ed; hard state – i.e cold- oled; semi-proces ed state – i.e

an e led an final y cold- ol ed;

f ul y proces ed state – i.e f i al an e led

NOT For material d lv re in th h rd or s mi-pro e s d state, s b la sif i atio is b s d o th total s e if i

lo s or c ercivity me s re af ter h at tre tme t a c rdin to th re uireme ts of th pro u t sta d rd or

re omme d tio s of th ma uf acturer

• dimen ion :

thic nes , width an (as req ired) len th

Recommen ed nominal thic nes es f or the cold- ol ed materials are given in the

cor esp n in prod ct sp cification

Mag etic me s rements are made in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-2, IEC 6 4 4-3 or

IEC 6 4 4-7

Ran es of sp cified values of maximum sp cific total los , after an e ln , for the commonly

u ed thic nes es are also s own in the cor esp n in prod ct sp cification

The sp cified maximum value of co rcivity f or relay material ran es f rom 4 A/m to 2 0 A/m

The materials are u ed in the man facture of laminated cores f or electrical a p ratu an

esp cial y smal mac ines an f or relay a pl cation

Trang 13

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on co rcivity values or on electrical resistivity

whic is a fu ction of si con content

These materials are avai a le as hot- ol ed an cold-drawn b r, wire, grou d b r an forgin

bi ets an req ire he t tre tment af ter mec anical workin to ac ieve the req ired mag etic

prop rties

In ad ition to the co rcivity an the electrical resistivity, a more complete definition of these

materials can b b sed on the f ol owin c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

saturation mag etic p larization, mag etic p larization at variou

values of mag etic field stren th, remanent mag etic p larization;

• mec anical:

mac ina i ty, d cti ty, hard es ;

hot- or cold-worked, an e led to prod ce req ired mag etic

c aracteristic

The main a plcation are for the mag etic circ its of relay , mag etic clutc es, mag etic

p le pieces, ste pin motors an g ro hou in s

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron The main al oyin element is si con, whose

content may b up to a proximately 5 % Other al oyin elements, f or example aluminium,

may also b present The material also contain u avoida le impurities, together with a low

level of other elements whic may arise f om ad ition neces itated d rin the man facturin

proces

4.3.2.1.3 Ba is of s bcla sific tion

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on the sp cif i total los whic is a f un tion of

thic nes an normal y me s red at a mag etic p larization value of 1,5 T an at p wer

f req en ies

When the a pl cation deman s it (for example relay ), it may b more a pro riate for the

s bclas ification to b b sed on co rcivity or p rme bi ty

Trang 14

4.3.2.1.4 Av i able f orms

These materials are normal y s p l ed in the form of cold- ol ed coi s or s e ts

4.3.2.1.5 Phy ic l c ara teristic

In ad ition to the values of sp cif i total los , a more complete def i ition of these materials

can b b sed on the fol owin c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

mag etic p larization at variou values of mag etic field stren th,

sp cific a p rent p wer f or diff erent values of mag etic p larization

anisotro y of los ;

• electrical:

typ of s rf ace in ulation an its resistan e, resistivity;

• mec anical:

s ita i ty f or pu c in o eration , d cti ty, ten ie stren th,

hard es , s r ace con ition an f i is , stac in f actor, f latnes ,

ed e camb r;

hard state, i.e as cold rol ed semi-proces ed state, i.e an e led or

an e led an temp r rol ed; f ul y-proces ed state, i.e f i al

an e led;

NOT For material d lv re in th h rd or s mi-pro e s d state, th s b la sific tio is b s d o th s e ific

total lo s s me s re after h at tre tme t a c rdin to th re uireme ts of th pro u t sta d rd or th

re omme d tio s of th ma ufa turer

• dimen ion :

thic nes , width an (as req ired) len th

The values of nominal thic nes are given in the cor esp n in prod ct sp cif i ation

Mag etic me s rements are made in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-2 or IEC 6 4 4-3 The

den ity values to b u ed f or mag etic me s rements s ould b as defined in the relevant

prod ct stan ard In other cases, the den ity values s ould b the s bject of agre ment

Ran es of sp cif ied values of sp cific total los , after final an e ln , for four commonly u ed

thic nes es are s own in the cor esp n in prod ct sp cification

4.3.2.1.6 Main appl c tion

These materials are u ed mainly in the mag etic circ its of electrical a p ratu , p rtic larly in

the p rts of rotatin mac ines in whic the f l x is not u idirectional They may also b u ed

in electromag etic relay , smal tran f ormers, c okes f or fluores ent tub s, electrical meters,

s ieldin an mag etic p les of electron an proton s n hrotron

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron an the main al oyin element is si con

(a proximately 3 %), together with u avoida le impurities an low levels of other elements

whic may arise f rom ad ition neces itated d rin the man facturin proces This typ of

mag etic material p s es es anisotro ic pro erties (orientation) s c that the direction

p ralel to the axis of rol n s ows the lowest values of sp cific total los es an the hig est

p rme bi ty These pro erties are sen itive to mec anical tre tment, an stres rel ef

an e l n may b u ed to o timize the in erent pro erties

Trang 15

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on the p rection of cry tal orientation

expres ed by the mag etic p larization for a mag etic field stren th of 8 0 A/m an on the

sp cific total los , whic is a fu ction of thic nes an of the orientation, an is normal y

me s red at mag etic p larization values of 1,5 T or 1,7 T an at p wer feq en ies

These materials are normal y s p l ed in the f orm of cold- ol ed cois or s e ts havin an

inorganic in ulatin co tin

In ad ition to the p rf ection of cry tal orientation an to the values of sp cific total los , a

more complete definition of these materials can b b sed on the fol owin c aracteristic :

an e led an ful y recry tal zed;

• dimen ion :

thic nes , width an (if req ired) len th

The values of nominal thic nes normal y u ed are given in the cor esp n in prod ct

sp cification

Mag etic me s rements are made in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-2 or IEC 6 4 4-3 The

den ity u ed for calc lation is normal y 7,6 k /dm³ an test pieces are taken p ral el to the

axis of rol n an , b f ore me s rement, u dergo stres rel ef an e ln in ac ordan e with

the recommen ation of the man f acturer

Ran es of sp cified values of maximum sp cific total los , after stres rel ef an e l n , f or the

normal y u ed thic nes es are also s own in the cor esp n in prod ct specification

In ad ition, materials whic are not yet sp cified in IEC 6 4 4-8-7 are avai a le

4.3.2.2.6 Main appl c tions

These materials are u ed mainly for the man facture of mag etic cores in whic the mag etic

f l x p th are s bstantial y p ral el to the direction of cold- ol n , as for example in

tran former cores

4.3.2.3 Cla s C2 – Thin si icon ste ls

4.3.2.3.1 Refere c doc me t

These materials are covered by IEC 6 4 4-8-8

4.3.2.3.2 Chemic l composition

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron The main al oyin element is si con, whose

content may b b twe n 2 % an 4 % Other al oyin elements, namely aluminium, may also

b present The material also contain u avoida le impurities, together with a low level of

other elements whic may arise fom ad ition neces itated d rin the man facturin

proces

Trang 16

The recommen ed s bclas if i ation is b sed on the mag etic anisotro y an the sp cif i total

los whic is a f un tion of thic nes , mag etic p larization value an test feq en y

4.3.2.3.4 Av i able forms

These materials are normal y s p l ed in the form of cold- ol ed coi s or s e ts

In ad ition to the values of sp cif i total los , a more complete definition of these materials

• mag etic:

mag etic polarization at variou values of mag etic field stren th;

• electrical:

• mec anical:

d cti ty, stac in factor, flatnes , ed e camb r;

an e led an ful y recry tal zed;

• dimen ion :

The sp cif ied values of maximum sp cif i total los for the commonly u ed thic nes es are

s own in the cor esp n in prod ct sp cif i ation

The mag etic pro erties are determined in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-10 an the test

sp cimen are pre ared as des rib d in the sp cification

These materials are mainly u ed in mag etic circ its of tran formers and rotatin mac ines

o eratin at f req en ies a ove 10 Hz

4.3.2.4 Cla s C2 – Ste ls with spe ifie me ha ic l propertie a d spe if ic total

los

These materials are not covered by an IEC publ cation

4.3.2.4.2 Chemic l comp sition

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron The main aloyin element is si con whose

content may b b twe n 2 % an 5 % Other al oyin elements, s c as aluminium,

man anese, may b ad ed to in re se stren th an improve mag etic pro erties The

material also contain u avoida le impurities, together with a low level of other elements

whic may arise f rom ad ition neces itated d rin the man facturin proces

Trang 17

In ad ition to the yield stren th, a more complete def i ition of these materials can b b sed

on the f ol owin c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

sp cific total los , mag etic p larization at variou values of

mag etic field stren th;

• electrical:

s rf ace in ulation an its resistan e, resistivity;

• mec anical:

ten i e stren th, elon ation, hard es , stac in factor;

f ul y proces ed, i.e final an e led;

• dimen ion :

These materials are general y u ed u der con ition of alternatin f l x f or the stres ed p rts

of mag etic circ its s c as rotors of hig -sp ed rotatin electric mac ines

4.3.2.5 Cla s C2 – 6,5 % si con ste ls

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron The main aloyin element is si con whose

content may b b twe n 6 % an 7 % Other aloyin elements may also b present The

material also contain u avoida le impurities, together with a low level of other elements

whic may arise f om ad ition neces itated d rin the man f acturin proces

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on the sp cif i total los whic is a f un tion of

thic nes , mag etic p larization value an test f eq en y Sp cif i total los is determined in

ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-10, u in s e red sp cimen con istin of half the strip taken

p ral el an half taken p rp n ic lar to the axis of rol n

These materials are normal y s p l ed in the f orm of cold- ol ed coi s or s e ts

In ad ition to the values of sp cif i total los , a more complete definition of these materials

• mag etic:

• electrical:

• mec anical:

stac in f actor, flatnes , ed e camb r;

f ul y proces ed, i.e final an e led;

• dimen ion :

Trang 18

As an information, partic lar f eatures of this material are:

• a ne rby zero mag etostriction of almost 1 x 10

-7

at 1 T an 4 0 Hz when me s red with

an o tical f ib r displacement meter

• the los es me s red ac ordin to IEC 6 4 4-10 for a material of 0,10 mm thic nes at 1 T

an 4 0 Hz is arou d 6 W/k an at 0,0 T an 2 kHz arou d 7 W/k

These materials are general y u ed in mag etic circ its of the electrical a p ratu o eratin

at feq en ies a ove 10 Hz, whic req ire low noise output an low core los at hig er

f req en y, s c as hig - req en y tran f ormers, re ctors an the motors u ed in p rta le

electrical a p ratu

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron containin u avoida le impurities The main

al oyin elements are carb n, whose content is lower than 0,4 %, an other elements

(namely c romium, nic el, man anese, molybden m an si con) whic may b neces ary to

develo the req ired pro erties

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on the yield stren th or 0,2 % pro f stres ,

whic are a fu ction of c emical comp sition an he t tre tment

These materials are u ual y s p l ed in the f orm of castin s in a f i al he t-tre ted con ition or

p rtial y mac ined to drawin s s p l ed by the u er

In ad ition to the values of yield stren th, a more complete definition of the material may b

either normal zed an temp red or q en hed an temp red

ISO stan ard Co rcivity is me s red in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-7, other mag etic

pro erties in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-4

Trang 19

The materials are u ed in the mag etic circ its of electrical a p ratu , where a certain

mec anical stren th is req ired, partic larly in p rts of otatin mac inery s c as rotors, p le

pieces, pres ure plates an mag et fames

4.4.1.2 Cla s D12 – Forge sol d ste l

The basic con tituent of these materials is iron The main al oyin elements are carb n whose

content may vary f rom 0,15 % to 0,5 % an other aloyin elements s c as nic el (up to

4 %), c romium (up to 1,8 %), molybden m (up to 0,5 %), vanadium (up to 0,12 %) an

man anese (up to 1,9 %), de en in on the mec anical pro erties req ired an the size of

the f orgin s The material also contain u avoida le impurities together with a low content of

other elements (Si, Al) whic may arise f rom ad ition neces itated d rin the man facturin

proces

The recommen ed s bclas if i ation is b sed on the yield stren th or 0,2 % pro f stres whic

are normal y a fu ction of c emical comp sition an he t tre tment

The materials are u ual y s p l ed in the form of f orgin s in a final y he t-tre ted an p rtial y

mac ined con ition to drawin s s p led by the user

In ad ition to the values of yield stren th, a more complete def i ition of these materials can

b b sed on the fol owin c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

• electrical:

resistivity;

• mec anical:

ten i e stren th, elon ation, imp ct pro erties, b n test, f e dom

f rom def ects;

either normalzed an temp red or q en hed an temp red;

• dimen ion :

ac ordin to drawin s s p l ed by the u er

ISO stan ard Mag etic pro erties are me s red in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-4

These materials are u ed in mag etic circ its of electrical a p ratu , p rtic larly in the

stres ed p rts of rotatin mac ines s c as s af ts f or rotatin mac ines, p le s o s, p le

b dies an p le en plates

Trang 20

The b sic con tituent of these materials is iron Al oyin elements may b carb n or others,

f or example si con The material also contain u avoida le impurities an a low level of other

elements whic may arise fom ad ition neces itated d rin the man facturin proces

The recommen ed s bclas if i ation is b sed on the 0,2 % pro f stres value

4.4.2.1.4 Av i able forms

The materials are normal y s p l ed in the form of coi s or s e t

In ad ition to the pro f stres values, a more complete def i ition of these materials can b

• mag etic:

f rom whic the relative p rme bi ty can b derived;

• electrical:

resistivity;

• mec anical:

ten i e stren th, elon ation, s race con ition, s ita i ty for

pu c in o eration , flatnes , ed e camb r;

hot- ol ed, hot- ol ed an temp r roled, cold- ol ed an final

an e led, cold- ol ed, an e led an temp r rol ed;

• dimen ion :

The values of nominal thic nes normal y recommen ed l e in the ran e f om 0,5 mm to

4,5 mm

Ran es of sp cified values of mec anical an mag etic pro erties are s own in the

These materials are general y u ed u der con ition of DC mag etization for the stres ed

p rts of the mag etic circ its of rotatin electrical mac ines, p rtic larly spiders, rims an

Trang 21

may also b present The material also contain u avoida le impurities, together with a low

level of other elements whic may arise f om ad ition neces itated d rin the man f acturin

proces , to improve mac ina i ty f or example s lph r, selenium or le d or to en an e

cor osion resistan e for example molybden m, titanium or nio ium As comp red to

con entional stainles ste ls, grades develo ed for mag etic a pl cation have more strin ent

c emical an proces in lmits to yield more con istent mag etic p rf orman e

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on c romium content an fa rication

c aracteristic Grades D31-01, D31-0 an D31-0 are inten ed f or a pl cation req irin

go d cold formin c aracteristic an welda i ty Grades D31-0 , D31-0 an D31-0 are

inten ed for a pl cation req irin improved mac ina i ty Grades D31-01 an D31-0 have

red ced c romium contents f or red ced aloy cost an hig er saturation p larization They

are, however, only s ita le for moderately cor osive en ironments Grades D31-0 an D31

-0 are inten ed for u e in more cor osive en ironments, whi e grades D31-0 an D31-0 are

inten ed for u e in the most cor osive en ironments thou h with some red ction in mag etic

p rorman e

The materials are normal y s p l ed as bi et, b r, rod, wire, s e t or strip

A more complete def i ition of these materials can b b sed on the f olowin c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

saturation mag etic p larization, maximum p rme bi ty, remanent

mag etic polarization, co rcivity;

• electrical:

resistivity;

• mec anical:

mac ina i ty, cold f orma i ty, welda i ty, hard es ;

• c emical:

cor osion resistan e

Althou h the c romium content influen es the mag etic p larization an electrical resistivity,

it do s not have a pronou ced ef fect on maximum p rme bi ty an co rcivity

These materials are u ed in mag etic cores an other p rts req irin a hig -p rme bi ty

stainles ste l havin low co rcive f orce an low resid al mag etism: mag etic solenoid

valves an automotive electromec anical devices s c as fuel injectors an anti-loc brakin

The b sic con tituents of these materials are iron an nic el whose content is in the ran e of

7 % to 8 % Al oyin elements s c as molybden m, co p r, man anese, c romium or

si con may b ad ed to in re se resistivity an improve mag etic pro erties The materials

also contain u avoida le impurities, together with a low level of other elements whic may

arise f om ad ition neces itated d rin the man facturin proces

Trang 22

The recommen ed s bclas if i ation is b sed on the co rcivity or the ampl tu e p rme bi ty

at a mag etic field stren th of 0,4 A/m an the s a e of the h steresis lo p: rou d, flat or

rectan ular

The materials are avai a le as hot- ol ed section an strip, forgin s, cold-drawn wire an

cold- ol ed s e ts, strip They are commonly s p l ed in the semi-proces ed state, but a

n mb r of materials, p rtic larly those with flat or rectan ular hy teresis lo p, are avaia le in

the final he t-tre ted state for example as toroidal strip wou d cores

A more complete def i ition of the material can b b sed on the fol owing c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

saturation mag etic p larization, co rcivity, maximum ampltu e

Mag etic me s rements are made in ac ordan e with either IEC 6 4 4-4 or IEC 6 4 4-6

ac ordin to prod ct f orm

The materials are u ed where hig p rme bi ty at low mag etic field stren th in combination

with hig remanent or saturation mag etic p larization is req ired

• Rou d h steresis

lo p:

me s rin in truments, c r ent tran f ormers, low-p wer

tran formers, relay p rts, tran du ers, protective grou d-f ault

circ it bre kers, rotor an stator lamination , mag etic s ieldin ;

mag etic ampl f iers, AC/DC con erters, satura le in u tors, pulse

tran former cores

4.5.2 Cla s E2 – Nic el conte t 5 % to 6 %

5 % to 6 % In some in tan es, p rt of the nic el may b re laced by co alt Ad itional y,

molybden m, co p r, man anese, c romium or si con may b present to in re se resistivity

an improve mag etic pro erties The materials also contain u avoida le impurities, together

with a low level of other elements whic may arise f om ad ition neces itated d rin the

Trang 23

A more complete definition of these materials can b b sed on the folowin c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

maximum ampl tu e p rme bi ty, saturation mag etic p larization,

remanent mag etic p larization, co rcivity;

• electrical:

resistivity;

Typical values f or mag etic pro erties in the ful y proces ed state are given in the

Mag etic me s rements are made in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 4-6

The materials are u ed where hig p rme bi ty at low mag etic field stren th is req ired

lo p:

protective grou d- ault circ it-bre kers, tran d cers, me s rin

tran formers;

• Flat h steresis lo p:

protective grou d-ault circ it-bre kers, pulse tran f ormers,

th ristor protective c oke

4 % to 51 % Al oyin elements s c as molybden m, man anese, co p r, c romium or

also contain u avoida le impurities, together with a low level of other elements whic may

arise f rom ad ition neces itated d rin the man facturin proces

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on the ampl tu e p rme bi ty at a mag etic

f ield stren th of 0,4 A/m or the s a e of the h steresis lo p: rou d (isotro ic), flat (mag etic

f ield an e led) or rectan ular (anisotro ic)

The isotro ic materials are avai a le as hot- ol ed section an strip, f orgin s, cold drawn wire

an cold- oled s e t an strip

The materials with f lat hy teresis lo p are avai a le as strip-wou d core

The anisotro ic materials are avaia le as cold- ol ed strip or tap

A more complete def i ition of these materials can b b sed on the f olowin c aracteristic :

Trang 24

saturation mag etic p larization, co rcivity, remanen e ratio;

• electrical:

resistivity;

• mec anical:

s ita i ty for pu c in or de p drawin o eration;

the materials req ire a he t tre tment to develo their ful mag etic

pro erties

Values f or mag etic pro erties in the ful y proces ed state are given in the cor esp n in

prod ct sp cification

Mag etic me s rements are made in ac ordan e with either IEC 6 40 -4 or IEC 6 4 4-6,

ac ordin to prod ct form

The materials are u ed where hig p rme bi ty at low mag etic field stren th in combination

with hig remanent or saturation mag etic p larization is req ired

• Rou d h steresis

lo p:

me s rin in truments, c r ent tran f ormers, low-p wer

tran formers, relay p rts, tran du ers, protective grou d-f ault

circ it-bre kers, rotor an stator lamination , mag etic s ieldin ,

mag etic ampl f iers, AC/DC con erters, satura le in u tors, pulse

tran former cores

3 % to 4 % Al oyin elements s c as molybden m, man anese, co p r, c romium or

also contain u avoida le impurities, together with a level of other elements whic may arise

f rom ad ition neces itated d rin the man f acturin proces

The recommen ed s bclas ification is b sed on the co rcivity or the ampl tu e p rme bi ty

at a mag etic f ield stren th of 1,6 A/m

The materials are avai a le as hot- ol ed section an strips, f orgin s, cold-drawn wire an

cold- ol ed s e t and strip It is commonly s p l ed in the semi-proces ed state, but a n mb r

of materials are avai a le in the f ul y proces ed state

A more complete definition of the material can be b sed on the folowin c aracteristic :

• mag etic:

co rcivity, mag etic p larization at variou values of mag etic f ield

stren th;

• electrical:

resistivity;

Tiêu đề	IEC 60404-1:2016 - Magnetic Materials – Part 1: Classification
Trường học	University of Geneva
Chuyên ngành	Electrical Engineering
Thể loại	Standards Document
Năm xuất bản	2016
Thành phố	Geneva

Định dạng
Số trang	48
Dung lượng	0,96 MB