Iec 60143 1 2015

21 5.6 AC voltage test b twe n terminals an container routine test.. 2 5.1 Lig tnin impulse voltage test b twe n terminals an container yp test... 3.9 dis harge de ic of a c pa itor dev

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CE 3 ,7 ,8 et CIS R d l EC

CONTENTS

FOREWORD 6

1 Sco e an o ject 8

2 Normative ref eren es 8

3 Terms an def i ition 9

4 Service con ition 15 4.1 Normal service con ition 15 4.2 Ambient air temp rature categories 15 4.3 Abnormal service con ition 16 4.4 Abnormal p wer s stem con ition 16 5 Qualty req irements an tests 16 5.1 Test req irements f or ca acitor u its 16 5.1.1 General 16 5.1.2 Test con ition 16 5.1.3 Voltage l mits as esta l s ed by overvoltage protector 17 5.1.4 Determination of protective level voltage U pl an U l m 18 5.2 Clas if i ation of tests 18 5.2.1 General 18 5.2.2 Routine tests 18 5.2.3 Typ tests 19 5.2.4 Sp cial test (agein test 19 5.3 Ca acitan e me s rement (routine test 19 5.3.1 Me s rin proced re 19 5.3.2 Ca acitan e toleran e 2

5.4 Ca acitor los me s rement (routine test 2

5.4.1 Me s rin proced re 2

5.4.2 L s req irements 21

5.4.3 L s es in external f uses 21

5.5 Voltage test b twe n terminals (routine test 21

5.6 AC voltage test b twe n terminals an container (routine test 21

5.7 Test on internal dis harge device (routine test 21 5.8 Se l n test (routine test 2

5.9 Thermal sta i ty test ( yp test 2

5.9.1 Me s rin proced re 2

5.9.2 Ca acitor los me s rement 2

5.10 AC voltage test b twe n terminals an container ( yp test 2

5.1 Lig tnin impulse voltage test b twe n terminals an container ( yp test 2

5.12 Cold d ty test ( yp test 2

5.13 Dis harge c r ent test ( yp test 2

6 In ulation level 26 6.1 In ulation voltages 26 6.1.1 Stan ard values 2

6.1.2 In ulation to e rth an b twe n phases 2

7.1 Cur ents 3

7.2 Tran ient overvoltages 38 7.3 Duty c cles 39 8 Saf ety req irements 39 8.1 Dis harge device 3

8.2 Container con ection 3

8.3 Protection of the en ironment 4

8.4 Other saf ety req irements 4

9 Markin s an in tru tion b ok 4

9.1 Markin s of the u it 4

9.1.1 Ratin plate 4

9.1.2 Warnin plate 41

9.2 Markin s of the b n 41

9.2.1 In tru tion s e t or ratin plate 41

9.2.2 Warnin plate 41

9.3 In tru tion b ok 41

10 Guide f or selection of ratin s, in tal ation an o eration 4

10.1 General 4

10.2 Re ctan e p r l ne, rated re ctan e p r b n an n mb r of mod les p r b n 4

10.2.1 Ca acitive re ctan e p r l ne 4

10.2.2 Numb r of series ca acitor b n s in a tran mis ion l ne 4

10.2.3 Numb r of mod les in a ca acitor b n 4

10.2.4 Future req irements f or series ca acitors 4

10.3 Cur ent ratin s f or the b n 4

10.3.1 General 44 10.3.2 Typical b n overlo d an swin c r ent ca a i ties 4

10.3.3 Analy is to determine the contin ou an emergen y overlo d c r ent ratin 4

10.3.4 Analy is to determine the swin c r ent ratin 46 10.4 Overvoltage protection req irements 4

10.5 Voltage l mitation d rin p wer s stem f aults 4

10.5.1 General 47 10.5.2 Voltage l mitation when the in u tan e b twe n the primary overvoltage protector an the ca acitors is not signif i ant 4

10.5.3 Voltage l mitation when the in u tan e b twe n the primary overvoltage protector an the ca acitors is sig if i ant 4

10.6 Protective an switc in devices 4

10.6.1 Ca acitor f usin 4

10.6.2 Other devices 4

10.6 3 Con ection diagrams 4

10.7 Choice of in ulation level 4

10.9.4 Relay protection of the p wer s stem 51

10.9.5 At en ation of car ier f req en y tran mis ion 5

10.9.6 Non-tran p sed tran mis ion l nes 5

10.9.7 Power s stem harmonic c r ents 5

10.9.8 TRV acros l ne circ it-bre kers 5

10.9.9 Delayed l ne c r ent zero cros in 5

10.9.10 Prolon ed secon ary arc c r ent 5

An ex A (normative) Test req irements an a pl cation g ide f or external f uses an u its to b external y f used 5

A.1 Overview 5

A.2 Purp se 5

A.3 Terms employed in An ex A 5

A.4 Perf orman e req irements 5

A.5 Tests 5

A.5.1 Tests on f uses 5

A.5.2 Typ tests on ca acitor container 5

A.6 Guide f or co rdination of f use protection 5

A.6.1 General 55 A.6.2 Protection seq en e 5

A.7 Choice of f uses 56 A.7.1 General 56 A.7.2 Non c r ent-l mitin f uses 5

A.7.3 Cur ent-l mitin f uses 5

A.8 Inf ormation ne ded by the u er of the f uses 5

An ex B (inf ormative) Economic evaluation of series ca acitor b n los es 5

An ex C (inf ormative) Ca acitor b n f usin an u it ar an ement 5

C.1 General 5

C.2 Internal y f used ca acitor b n 5

C.3 External y f used ca acitor b n 5

C.4 Fu eles ca acitor b n 5

An ex D (inf ormative) Examples of typical con ection diagrams f or large series ca acitor in tal ation f or tran mis ion l nes 61

An ex E (inf ormative) Precaution to b taken to avoid p l ution of the en ironment by p ly hlorinated biphen ls 6

Bibl ogra h 6

Fig re 1 – Typical nomen lature of a series ca acitor in tal ation 12 Fig re 2 – Clas if i ation of overvoltage protection 17 Fig re 3 – Time an ampltu e l mits f or an overvoltage p riod wavef orm 2

Fig re 4 – Air cle ran e vers s a.c p wer f req en y with tan voltage 3

Fig re 5 – Typical c r ent-time prof ile of an in erted ca acitor b n f ol owin the f ault an cle rin of p ral el l ne 45 Fig re C.1 – Typical con ection b twe n ca acitor u its in a segment or phase 5

Ta le 2 – Ambient air temp rature in thermal sta i ty test 22

Ta le 3 – Stan ard in ulation levels f or ran e I (1 kV < U

(re rod ced f rom IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6, Ta le A.2) 3

Ta le 9 – Cor elation b twe n stan ard switc in impulse with tan voltages an

minimum phase-to-phase air cle ran es 3

Ta le 10 – Typical b n overlo d an swin c r ent ca a i ties 4

INTERNATIONAL ÉLECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

Part 1: General

1 Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is a worldwid org niz tio for sta d rdiz tio c mprisin

al n tio al ele trote h ic l c mmite s (IEC Natio al Commite s) Th o je t of IEC is to promote

intern tio al c -o eratio o al q e tio s c n ernin sta d rdiz tio in th ele tric l a d ele tro ic field To

this e d a d in a ditio to oth r a tivitie , IEC p bls e Intern tio al Sta d rd , Te h ic l Sp cific tio s,

Te h ic l Re orts, Pu lcly Av ia le Sp cific tio s (PAS) a d Guid s (h re fter refere to a “IEC

Pu lc tio (s)”) Th ir pre aratio is e tru te to te h ic l c mmite s; a y IEC Natio al Commite intere te

in th s bje t d alt with ma p rticip te in this pre aratory work Intern tio al g v rnme tal a d n

n-g v rnme tal org niz tio s laisin with th IEC als p rticip te in this pre aratio IEC c la orate clo ely

with th Intern tio al Org niz tio for Sta d rdiz tio (ISO) in a c rd n e with c n itio s d termin d b

a re me t b twe n th two org niz tio s

2) Th formal d cisio s or a re me ts of IEC o te h ic l maters e pre s, a n arly a p s ible, a

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fom al intere te IEC Natio al Commite s

3) IEC Pu lc tio s h v th form of re omme d tio s for intern tio al u e a d are a c pte b IEC Natio al

Commite s in th t s n e Whie al re s n ble eforts are ma e to e s re th t th te h ic l c nte t of IEC

Pu lc tio s is a c rate, IEC c n ot b h ld re p n ible for th wa in whic th y are u e or for a y

misinterpretatio b a y e d u er

4) In ord r to promote intern tio al u iformity, IEC Natio al Commite s u d rta e to a ply IEC Pu lc tio s

tra s are tly to th ma imum e te t p s ible in th ir n tio al a d re io al p blc tio s An div rg n e

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th later

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s rvic s c rie o t b in e e d nt c rtific tio b die

6) Al u ers s o ld e s re th t th y h v th late t e itio of this p blc tio

7) No la i ty s al ata h to IEC or its dire tors, emplo e s, s rv nts or a e ts in lu in in ivid al e p rts a d

memb rs of its te h ic l c mmite s a d IEC Natio al Commite s for a y p rs n l injury, pro erty d ma e or

oth r d ma e of a y n ture wh ts e er, wh th r dire t or in ire t, or for c sts (in lu in le al fe s) a d

e p n e arisin o t of th p blc tio , u e of, or rela c u o , this IEC Pu lc tio or a y oth r IEC

Pu lc tio s

8) Ate tio is drawn to th Normativ refere c s cite in this p blc tio Us of th refere c d p blc tio s is

in is e s ble for th c re t a plc tio of this p blc tio

9) Ate tio is drawn to th p s ibi ty th t s me of th eleme ts of this IEC Pu lc tio ma b th s bje t of

p te t rig ts IEC s al n t b h ld re p n ible for id ntifyin a y or al s c p te t rig ts

International Stan ard IEC 6 143-1 has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commite 3 :

Power ca acitors an their ap l cation

This f if th edition can els an re laces the f ourth edition, publ s ed in 2 0 This edition

con titutes a tec nical revision

The main c an e with resp ct to the previou edition is that the en uran e test has b en

re laced by an agein test b cau e voltage c cl n is alre d p rf ormed in the cold d ty test

The g ide section has b en exp n ed regardin lon l ne cor ection an altitu e cor ection

In ad ition the in ulation ta les an ref eren es to other stan ard have b en updated

The text of this stan ard is b sed on the f ol owin doc ments:

Ful inf ormation on the votin f or the a proval of this stan ard can b f ou d in the re ort on

votin in icated in the a ove ta le

This publ cation has b en draf ted in ac ordan e with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2

A l st of al p rts in the IEC 6 14 series, publ s ed u der the general title Series c p citors

for p wer s stems, can be f ou d on the IEC we site

The commite has decided that the contents of this publ cation wi remain u c an ed u ti

the sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site u der "ht p:/we store.iec.c " in the data

related to the sp cif i publ cation At this date, the publcation wi b

• recon rmed,

• with rawn,

• re laced by a revised edition, or

IMPORTANT – Th 'colour in ide' logo on the cov r pa e of this publ c tion in ic te

that it contains colours whic are con idere to be us f ul for th cor e t

understa ding of its conte ts Us rs s ould th ref ore print this doc me t using a

colour printer

SERIES CAPACITORS FOR POWER SYSTEMS –

Part 1: General

1 Sc pe and object

This p rt of IEC 6 14 a ples b th to ca acitor u its an ca acitor b n s inten ed to b

u ed con ected in series with an a.c transmis ion or distribution l ne or circ it f ormin p rt

of an a.c p wer s stem havin a f req en y of 15 Hz to 6 Hz

The primary f oc s of this stan ard is on tran mis ion a pl cation

The series ca acitor u its an b n s are u ual y inten ed f or hig -voltage p wer s stems

This stan ard is a pl ca le to the complete voltage ran e

This stan ard do s not a ply to ca acitors of the self -he l n metal zed dielectric typ

The f ol owin ca acitors, even if con ected in series with a circ it, are ex lu ed f rom this

stan ard:

– ca acitors f or in u tive he t-generatin plants (IEC 6 1 0-1);

– ca acitors f or motor a pl cation an the l ke (IEC 6 2 2 (al p rts) ;

– ca acitors to b u ed in p wer electronic circ its (IEC 610 1);

– ca acitors f or dis harge lamps (IEC 610 8 an IEC 610 9)

For stan ard typ s of ac es ories s c as in ulators, switc es, in trument tran f ormers,

external f uses, etc se the p rtinent IEC stan ard

NOT 1 Ad itio al re uireme ts for c p citors to b prote te b intern l fu e , a wel a th re uireme ts for

intern l fu e , are fo n in IEC 6 14 -3 Se als An e C

NOT 2 Ad itio al re uireme ts for c p citors to b prote te b e tern l fu e , a wel a th re uireme ts for

e tern l fu e , are fo n in An e A a d An e C

NOT 3 A s p rate sta d rd for s rie c p citor a c s orie (s ark-g p , v ristors, dis h rg re ctors, c re

t-lmitin d mpin re ctors, d mpin re istors, circ it-bre k rs, etc.), IEC 6 14 -2, h s b e re is d a d wa

c mplete in 2 12 A s p rate sta d rd for intern l fu e for s rie c p citors, IEC 6 14 -3 h s b e re is d a d

wa c mplete in 2 13

NOT 4 Some informatio re ardin fu ele s c p citor u its a d fu ele s c p citor b n s is fo n in An e C

The o ject of this stan ard is:

– to f ormulate u if orm rules regardin p rf orman e, testin an ratin ;

– to f ormulate sp cif i saf ety rules;

– to serve as a g ide f or in talation an o eration

2 Normative ref erences

The f ol owin doc ments, in whole or in p rt, are normatively ref eren ed in this doc ment

IEC 6 0 0 (al p rts), Intern tion l Electrotec nical Vo a ulary (avai a le at

www.electro edia.org)

IEC 6 0 0-1:2 10, Hig -v ltag test tec niqu s – P art 1: Ge eral d efinition a d test

re uireme ts

IEC 6 0 1-1:2 0 , In ulation c -ord inatio – P art 1: Definitio s, prin iples a d rules

IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6, In ulation c -ord inatio – P art 2: Ap lication g id e

IEC 6 14 -2:2 12, Serie c p citors for p wer s stems – P art 2: P rotectiv e uipme t for

s ries c p citor b n s

IEC 6 14 -3:19 8, Serie c p citors for p wer s stems – P art 3: I ntern l fu e

IEC 6 14 -4: 2 10 Serie c p citors for p wer s stems – P art 4: Th ristor c ntrolled s ries

c p citors

IEC 6 5 9:2 13, Hig -v ltag fu e for the ex tern l protection of s u t c p citors

IEC 6 8 1-1: 2 14 Sh nt ca acitors f or a.c p wer s stems havin a rated voltage ab ve

10 0V – Part 1: General

IEC 6 2 1-1:2 0 , H igh-v ltag switch e r a d c ntrolge r – P art 1: Commo s e ificatio s

IEEE Std 6 3:19 7, IEEE Re omme ded P ra tice for Seismic De ig of Su station

3 Terms and def initions

For the purp ses of this doc ment, the f ol owin terms an def i ition a ply

3.1

ambie t air temperature ( or c pa itors)

temp rature of air at the pro osed location of the ca acitor in tal ation

3.2

bypa s switc

device s c as a switc or circ it-bre ker u ed in p ral el with a series ca acitor an its

overvoltage protector to s u t l ne c r ent f or some sp cif ied time or contin ou ly

Note 1 to e try: This d vic s al als h v th c p bi ty of b p s in th c p citor d rin s e ifie p wer

s stem fa lt c n itio s Th o eratio of th d vic is initiate b th c p citor b n c ntrol remote c ntrol or b

a o erator Th d vic ma b mo nte o th platform or o th gro n n ar th platform Be id s b p s in

th c p citor, this d vic s al als h v th c p bi ty of in ertin th c p citor into a circ it c ryin a s e ifie

le el of c re t

3.3

c pa itor

active p wer dis ip ted in the ca acitor

Note 1 to e try: Al lo s-pro u in c mp n nts s o ld b in lu e For a u it, this in lu e lo s s fom th

diele tric, dis h rg d vic , intern l fu e (if a plc ble) a d intern l c n e tio s For th b n , this in lu e

lo s s fom th u its, e tern l fu e (if a plc ble) a db s ars Se An e B for a ditio al dis u sio

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:19 0, 4 6-0 -10]

3.7

cool ng air temperature

temp rature of co l n air me s red at the hot est p sition in the ca acitor as embly of a

segment, u der rated c r ent an ste d -state con ition , midway b twe n two u its

Note 1 to e try: If o ly o e u it is in olv d, it is th temp rature me s re at a p int a pro imately 0,1 m awa

fom th c p citor c ntain r a d at two-third of th h ig t fom its b s

L) %

is the total p sitive seq en e in u tive re ctan e of the tran mis ion l ne section on

whic the series ca acitor is a pl ed

3.9

dis harge de ic (of a c pa itor)

device con ected acros the terminals of the ca acitor or bui t into the ca acitor u it,

ca a le of red cin the resid al voltage acros the ca acitor ef f ectively to zero af ter the

ca acitor has b en dis on ected f rom the s p ly

Note 1 to e try: Furth r re uireme ts o th siz of th dis h rg d vic are fo n in8.1

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:19 0, 4 6-0 -15, modif ied (modif ied def i ition, ad ition of Note 1

to entry)]

3.10

e ternal f us (of a c pa itor)

f use con ected in series with a ca acitor u it or with a group of p ral el u its

3.1

3.12

high st volta e of a thre -pha e s stem

hig est r.m.s phase-to-phase voltage whic oc urs u der normal o eratin con ition at an

time an at an p int of the s stem

Note 1 to e try: It e clu e v lta e tra sie ts (s c a th s d e to s stem switc in ) a d temp rary v lta e

v riatio s d e to a n rmal s stem c n itio s (s c a d e to fa lts or s d e dis o n ctio of larg lo d )

3.13

high st volta e f or e uipme t

U

m

hig est r.m.s value of phase-to-phase voltage f or whic the eq ipment is desig ed in resp ct

of its in ulation as wel as other c aracteristic whic relate to this voltage in the relevant

eq ipment stan ard

Note 1 to e try: This v lta e is th ma imum v lu of th hig e t v lta e of th s stem for whic th e uipme t

or switc in impulse,

an l g tnin impulse) whic c aracterizes the in ulation of the ca acitor with regard to its

cap bi ty of with tan in the electric stres es b twe n terminals an e rth, b twe n phases

an b twe n terminals an metalwork (e.g platf orm) not at e rth p tential

maximum p ak of the p wer f req en y voltage oc ur in b twe n ca acitor u it terminals

immediately b f ore or d rin o eration of the overvoltage protector, divided by 2

terminal to b con ected to the p wer s stem

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:19 0, 4 6-0 -01, modif ied (modif ied def i ition)]

a plc tio s for prote tio p rp s s, th b p s switc ma b re uire to temp rariy o erate o a in ivid al

p a e b sis

Note 2 to e try: Fig re 1 s ows a ty ic l n me clature of a s rie c p citor in talatio

Ke

1 a s mbly of c p citor u its

2-7 main prote tiv e uipme t (Fig re 2 ) a d An e D)

9 is latin dis o n ctor

10 b p s dis o n ctor

1 e rth switc

NOT 1 A SC In talatio in lu e a SC Ba k plu 9, 10 a d 1

NOT 2 Mo t s rie c p citors are c nfig re with a sin le mo ule, u le s th re cta c a d c re t

re uireme ts re ult in a v lta e a ro s th b n th t is impra tic l for th s p ler to a hie e with o e mo ule

Normaly e c mo ule h s its own b p s switc , b t a c mmo b p s switc ma b u e for more th n o e

mo ule Se cla s 10.2.3 for a ditio al d tais

Figure 1 – Typic l nome clature of a s rie c pa itor instal ation

3.19

ov rvoltag prote tor (of a s rie c pa itor)

q ic -actin device (u ual y MOV or a self trig ered sp rk ga ) whic l mits the voltage

acros the ca acitor to a p rmis ible value when that value would otherwise b ex e ded as

a res lt of a circ it f ault or other a normal p wer s stem con ition

prote tiv le el

U

pl

mag itu e of the maximum p ak of the p wer f req en y voltage a p arin acros the

overvoltage protector d rin a p wer s stem f ault

Note 1 to e try: Th prote tiv le el ma b e pre s d in terms of th a tu l p a v lta e a ro s a s gme t or

in terms of th p r u it of th p a of th rate v lta e a ro s th c p citor (s e 5.1.4, 10.4 a d 10.5) This

v lta e a p ars eith r d rin c n u tio of th v ristor or imme iately b fore ig itio of th s ark g p

f req en y of the s stem in whic the ca acitor is inten ed to b u ed

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:19 0, 4 6-01-14, modif ied (modif ied def i ition)]

3.2

rate output (of a c pa itor)

Q

N

re ctive p wer derived f rom rated re ctan e an rated c r ent

Note 1 to e try: For th b n , th rate thre -p a e re ctiv p wer ratin in Mv r (Q

N) is d fin d b th

rate volta e (of the ba k)

p wer s stem phase-to-phase voltage f or whic the phase-to-grou d in ulation s stem is

re idual volta e (of a c pa itor)

voltage remainin b tween terminals of a ca acitor at a given time f ol owin dis on ection of

the s p ly

3.3

s gme t (of a s rie c pa itor)

sin le-phase as embly of groups of ca acitors whic has its own voltage-lmitin devices an

relay to protect the ca acitors f rom overvoltages an overlo d

SEE: Fig re 1

Note 1 to e try: Se me ts are n t n rmaly s p rate b is latin dis o n ctors More th n o e s gme t c n b

o th s me in ulate platform

3.31

s ries c pa itor ba k (or ba k)

thre -phase as embly of ca acitors with the as ociated protection an in ulated s p ort

stru ture

Note 1 to e try: Th b n ma in lu e o e or more mo ule (s e Fig re 1

3.3

s ries c pa itor instal ation

series ca acitor b n an its ac es ories in lu in the byp s an isolatin dis on ectors

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:19 0, 4 6-01-0 , modif ied (ad ition of "in lu in the byp s an

isolatin con ectors")]

3.3

ste dy-state condition

thermal eq i brium atained by the ca acitor at con tant output an at con tant ambient air

temp rature

3.3

s b-s gme t

p rtion of a segment that in lu es a sin le-phase as embly of ca acitor u its an an

as ociated protective device, dis harge c r ent l mitin an dampin eq ipment, an selected

protection an control f un tion , but do s not have a dedicated by-p s switc

3.3

ta ge t of los a gle (of a c pa itor)

ta δ

ratio b twe n the eq ivalent series resistan e an the ca acitive re ctan e of a ca acitor at

sp cif ied sin soidal alternatin voltage an f req en y

Note 1 to e try: Ta g nt of lo s a gle c n als b e pre s d a th c p citor lo s s divid d b th re ctiv

p wer of th c p citor

3.3

v ristor coordinating c r e t

mag itu e of the maximum p ak of p wer f req en y varistor c r ent as ociated with the

protective level

4 Service conditions

4.1 Normal s rvic condition

Series ca acitor b n s s al b s ita le f or o eration at their sp cif ied c r ent, voltage, an

f req en y ratin s an sp cif ied f ault seq en es u der the f ol owin con ition :

a) The elevation do s not ex e d 1 0 0 m a ove se level

b) The in o r an outdo r ambient temp ratures are within the l mits sp cif ied by the

purc aser

c) The ice lo d do s not ex e d 19 mm (if a pl ca le)

d) Win velocities are no gre ter than 12 km/h

e) The horizontal seismic ac eleration (if a pl ca le) of the eq ipment do s not ex e d 0,2 g

an the vertical ac eleration do s not ex e d 0,16 g when a pl ed simultane u ly at the

b se of the s p ort in ulators For the purp ses of this req irement, the values of

ac eleration are static

NOT This is th “low s ismic q alfic tio le el” d fin d in IE E Std 6 3 Th s ismic a c leratio a d th

ma imum win d n t h v to b c n id re too c r simulta e u ly

f ) The s ow de th (if a pl ca le) do s not ex e d the heig t of the f ou dation f or the

platf orm s p ort in ulators (A typical maximum heig t is 1 m.)

g) The solar radiation do s not ex e d 1 0 0 W/m

2

4.2 Ambie t air temperature c te orie

Ca acitors are clas if ied in temp rature categories, e c category b in sp cif ied by one

n mb r f ol owed by one leter The n mb r re resents the lowest ambient air temp rature at

whic the ca acitor may o erate The let er re resents the upp r l mit of temp rature

variation ran e, havin the maximum value sp cif ied in Ta le 1

Table 1 – Let er s mbols for up er l mit of temperature ra ge

The temp rature categories cover a total temp rature ran e f rom – 0 °C to + 5 °C The

lowest ambient air temp rature at whic the ca acitor may b o erated s ould b c osen

f rom the f i e pref er ed values + °C, – °C, – 5 °C, – 0 °C an – 0 °C

c v rin th in talatio site.

4.3 Abnormal s rvic con itions

The a pl cation of series ca acitor b n s at other than the normal service con ition s al b

con idered as sp cial an s al b identif ied in the purc aser’s sp cif i ation Examples of

s c con ition are as f ol ows:

a) Service con ition other than those l sted in 4.1

b) Exp s re to ex es ively a rasive an con u tin du t

c) Exp s re to salt, damagin f umes, or va ors

d) Swarmin in ects

e) Floc in bird

f ) Con ition req irin over in ulation or extra le kage distance on in ulators

g) Seismic ac eleration at the “moderate or hig seismic q al f i ation levels” as def i ed in

IEEE Std 6 3

4.4 Abnormal power s stem con itions

Abnormal p wer s stem con ition in lu e:

a) Contin ou harmonic c r ents in the p wer s stem

b) The tran mis ion l ne on whic the series ca acitor b n is located do s not have phase

tran p sition so the re ctan es of e c phase of the l ne are not a proximately eq al

5 Qual ty requirements a d tests

5.1 Te t re uireme ts f or c pa itor units

5.1.1 Ge eral

This clau e gives the test req irements f or ca acitor u its

NOT Te t re uireme ts for oth r e uipme t are fo n in IEC 6 14 -2, IEC 6 14 -3, IEC 6 14 -4 a d An e A

of this sta d rd

Sup ortin in ulators, switc es, in trument tran f ormers, external f uses, etc s al b in

ac ordan e with the p rtinent IEC stan ard

5.1.2 Te t conditions

Unles otherwise sp cif ied f or a p rtic lar test or me s rement, the temp rature of the

ca acitor dielectric s al b in the ran e + °C to + 5 °C When a cor ection has to b

a pl ed, the ref eren e temp rature to b u ed is + 0 °C, unles otherwise agre d b twe n

the man f acturer an the purc aser It may b as umed that the dielectric temp rature of the

ca acitor u it is the same as the ambient air temp rature, provided that the ca acitor has

b en lef t in an non-energized state in a con tant ambient air temp rature f or an adeq ate

p riod

The a.c tests an me s rements s al b carried out at a freq en y of 5 Hz or 6 Hz ir resp ctive

of the rated f req en y of the ca acitor u les otherwise sp cif ied

5.1.3 Volta e l mits a e tabl s e by ov rvolta e prote tor

5.1.3.1 Ge eral

a) Purp se

The overvoltage protector is a q ic -actin device whic l mits the in tantane u voltage

acros the series ca acitor to a p rmis ible value when that value would otherwise b

ex e ded as a res lt of a p wer s stem f ault or other a normal network con ition

b) Clas if i ation

Thre common alternatives are l sted b low (se Fig re 2):

– sin le protective sp rk ga ( yp K1), se Fig re 2 )

– varistor (ga les ) ( yp M1), se Fig re 2 )

– varistor with byp s ga ( yp M2), se Fig re 2c)

NOT If th s ark v r v lta e of a o erv lta e prote tor is d p n e t o air d n ity, U

pl

is u d rsto d to

c re p n to th c n itio s re ultin in th hig e t s ark v r v lta e, i e to th hig e t air pre s re a d th

lowe t temp rature Als , th tolera c o s ark v r v lta e to b ta e into a c u t wh n d terminin U

pl

Durin arcin of the ga , the ca acitor is exp sed to one voltage p ak whose value s al not

pl The ca acitor is s bjected to a tran ient dis harge on e only at every o eration

of the ga

5.1.3.3 Type M ov rvolta e prote tor

The varistor is p rmanently con ected acros the ca acitor terminals When the b n is

o erated at normal lo d c r ent, a given but very low c r ent p s es throu h the varistor

In the case of a f ault external to the l ne con erned, the series ca acitor b comes

automatical y rein erted when the f ault is dis on ected Even d rin s c a f ault the series

ca acitor exerts a certain comp n atin ef f ect For this reason, in man cases, the U

pl

c osen with Typ M can b lower than with Typ K overvoltage protectors On the other

han , in the event of a s ort-circ it at the comp n ated l ne itself , the circ it-bre kers at the

en s of the l ne wi b o ened

The varistor s al b desig ed to with tan the thermal stres es oc ur in d rin the

overlo d con ition an d rin the s stem swin ac ordin to 10.3, an those of the

maximum lne f ault c r ent

In the event of prolon ed d ration of an external f ault, e.g d e to malf un tion of the l ne

protection, the varistor may b come thermal y overlo ded Also s ort-circ its at the

comp n ated l ne may imply s c hig c r ents that it is not economical to dimen ion the

varistor ac ordin ly In order to protect the varistor in s c cases, it may b byp s ed by a

switc or a f orced, trig ered sp rk-ga

5.1.4 Determination of prote tiv le el volta e U

protector an its protective level voltage U

pl(se 5.1.3)

The l mitin voltage U

lm(kV r.m.s.) f or the ca acitor u it is related to the protective level

voltage of the actual phase or segment U

pl(kV p ak) ac ordin to eq ation (1)

)2(

Further clarif i ation are given in 10.4 an 10.5

5.2 Cla sif ic tion of te ts

Tests on eq ipment that con titute the ca acitor b n are desig ated as routine tests, typ

tests an sp cial tests Ad itional tests are typical y p rf ormed af ter the b n is in tal ed

These tests are dis u sed in IEC 6 14 -2

5.2.2 Routin te ts

a) Ca acitan e me s rement (se 5.3)

e) Test on internal dis harge device (se 5.7)

f ) Se l n test (se 5.8)

g) Dis harge test of internal f uses (se 3.1.2 of IEC 6 14 -3)

The test seq en e is not neces ari y that in icated a ove

The routine tests s al b car ied out by the man f acturer on every ca acitor u it b f ore

del very

5.2.3 Type te ts

a) Thermal sta i ty test (se 5.9)

b) AC voltage test b twe n terminals an container (se 5.10)

c) Lig tnin impulse voltage test b twe n terminals an container (se 5.1 )

d) Cold d ty test (se 5.12)

e) Dis harge c r ent test (se 5.13)

The typ tests are car ied out in order to en ure that the ca acitor u it compl es with the

contractual c aracteristic an with the o erational req irements as sp cif ied in this

stan ard

It is not es ential that al typ tests are car ied out on the same ca acitor u it

The a ove l st of typ tests do s not in icate an test seq en e

Unles otherwise sp cif ied, every cap citor sample to whic a typ test wi b a pl ed s al

have f irst with to d satisf actori y the a pl cation of al the routine tests

When a typ test has previou ly b en s c es f ul y p rf ormed on eq ipment of simiar desig

at stres or d ty levels that are eq al to or gre ter than that req ired f or the sp cif i

a pl cation, then the man f acturer do s not have to re e t the test if a writ en re ort

des ribin the previou test is provided The man f acturer s al also provide an explanation

of how the previou test satis es the req irements f or the sp cif i a pl cation

New typ tests s al b p rf ormed f or a sp cif i project, only if the eq ipment desig is new

or if a critical man f acturin proces is new, or if it is to b a pl ed at a hig er stres or d ty

level than previou ly tested desig s or if sp cif i al y contracted by the purc aser

5.2.4 Spe ial test (a eing te t)

The sp cial test con ists of an agein test whic is to b made ac ordin to 4 of IEC

TS 6 8 1-2:2 14

The agein test s al b car ied out only af ter a contractual agre ment b twe n the

man f acturer an purc aser

5.3 Capa ita c me s reme t (routine te t)

The ac urac of the me s rin method s al b s c that the toleran es ac ordin to 5.3.2

can b resp cted The re e ta i ty of the me s rin method s al b s c that a pu ctured

element or an o erated internal f use can b detected

The f i al ca acitan e me s rement s al b car ied out af ter the voltage test (se 5.5)

In order to reve l an c an e in ca acitan e, e.g d e to pu cture of an element, or f ai ure of

an internal f use, a prel minary ca acitan e me s rement s al b made b f ore the other

voltage routine tests This prel minary me s rement s al b p rf ormed with a voltage not

hig er than 0,15 U

N

The man f acturer s al , on agre ment, provide c rves or ta les s owin :

– the ca acitan e in ste d -state con ition at rated output as a f un tion of ambient air

temp rature within the temp rature category;

– the ca acitan e as a f un tion of the dielectric temperature within the temp rature

category

5.3.2 Capa ita c tolera c

The toleran es ref er to ca acitan e values me s red at 0,9 to 1,1 times the rated voltage

u der the con ition of 5.3.1

The ca acitan e at ref eren e temp rature (se 5.1.2) s al not dif f er f rom the rated

ca acitan e by more than:

– ± ,5 % f or u its;

– ± ,0 % f or b n s with a rated output les than 3 Mvar;

– ± ,0 % f or b n s with a rated output of 3 Mvar or more

Furthermore, the ca acitan e s al not dif f er by more than:

– 3,0 % b twe n an two phases or segments within the same mod le with a b n rated

output les than 3 Mvar;

– 1,0 % b twe n an two phases or segments within the same mod le with a b n rated

output of 3 Mvar or more

Closer toleran es may b req ired f or ca acitors in more critical a pl cation

The man f acturer s al organize the as embly of the ca acitor u its

5.4 Capa itor los me s rement (routine te t)

5.4.1 Me s ring proc dure

The ca acitor los es (or tan δ) s al b me s red at 0,9 to 1,1 times rated voltage u in a

method that ex lu es er ors d e to harmonic

The me s rin eq ipment s ould b cal brated ac ordin to IEC 6 9 6 or to another method

that wi give the same or an improved ac urac

The tan ent of los an le of impreg ated low-los dielectric decre ses con idera ly d rin

the f irst hours of initial energization This decre se is not cor elated to the tan δ variation with

thermal sta i ty test b f ore or, alternatively, u its may b con itioned ac ordin to

man f acturers’ practice

5.4.2 Los re uireme ts

The ca acitor los es ref er to values me s red u der the con ition of 5.4.1

The req irements regarding ca acitor los es may b agre d up n b twe n the man f acturer

an purc aser

Further inf ormation regardin ca acitor los es are given in An ex B

The man f acturer s ould, by agre ment, provide c rves or ta les s owin the sta i zed

ca acitor los es (or tan δ) u der ste d -state con ition at rated output as a f un tion of

ambient air temp rature within the temp rature category

5.4.3 Los e in e ternal fus s

L s es in external f uses s al b calc lated u in the nominal a.c resistan e (sp cif ied by

the f use man f acturer at 2 °C) times the s uare of rated ca acitor c r ent

5.5 Volta e te t betwe n terminals (routine te t)

The cap citor u its s al b s bjected to a d.c test at 1,7 U

lm(1,2 × 2 × U

lm) f or

overvoltage protectors Typ K an M The test voltage value s al not b les than 4,3 U

N

The d ration of the test s al b 10 s

Durin the test, neither pu cture nor f las over s al oc ur

If the ca acitors are to b retested, a voltage of 7 % of U

t

is recommen ed f or the re-test

5.6 AC volta e te t betwe n terminals a d container (routine te t)

Ca acitor u its havin b th terminals in ulated f rom the container s al b s bjected f or 10 s

to an a.c voltage test a pl ed b twe n the terminals (joined together) an the container The

value of the test voltage s al b c osen ac ordin to 6.1.3.2

Durin the test, neither pu cture nor f las over s al oc ur

The test s al b p rf ormed even if one of the terminals in service is inten ed to b

con ected to the container

Units havin one terminal p rmanently con ected to the container s al not b s bjected to

this test

5.7 Te t on intern l dis harge de ic (routin te t)

The resistan e of the internal dis harge device, if an , s al b c ec ed by a me s rement

5.8 Se l ng te t (routine te t)

The u it (in non-p inted state) s al b exp sed to a test that wi ef f ectively detect an le k

of the container an bu hin (s) The test proced re is lef t to the man f acturer, who s al

des rib the test method con erned

If no proced re is stated by the man f acturer the f ol owin test proced re s al a ply:

Non-energized ca acitor u its s al b he ted throu hout so that, f or at le st 2 h, al p rts

re c a temp rature not les than 2 °C a ove the maximum value in Ta le 1 No le kage

s al oc ur It is recommen ed that a s ita le le kage in icator s ould b u ed

5.9 Thermal stabi ity te t ( ype te t)

5.9.1 Me s ring proc dure

The ca acitor u it s bjected to the test s al b placed betwe n two b r ier u its with the

same ratin an energized at the same voltage as the test ca acitor The b r ier u its s al

have almost the same container dimen ion as the u it u der test Alternatively, two d mmy

ca acitors b th containin resistors may b u ed as b r ier u its Dis ip tion in the resistors

s al b adju ted to s c a value that the case temp ratures of the d mmy ca acitors are

eq al to or hig er than those of the test ca acitor The temp rature of the u its s al b

me s red at "eq al" sp ts whic s al not b exp sed to direct he t radiation f rom another

u it The se aration b twe n the u its s al b eq al to or les than the normal sp cin The

as embly s al b placed in sti air, in a he ted en los re, in the most u f avoura le thermal

p sition ac ordin to the man f acturer's in tru tion f or mou tin on site

The ambient air temp rature s al b maintained at the a pro riate value s own in Ta le 2

( oleran e ± °C) It s al b c ec ed by me n of a thermometer havin a thermal time

con tant of a proximately 1 h This thermometer s al b s ielded so that it is exp sed to the

minimum p s ible thermal radiation f rom the energized sample an the energized b r ier

u its

Table 2 – Ambie t air temperature

in thermal stabi ity te t

The test ca acitor s al b s bjected to an a.c voltage of s bstantial y sin soidal f orm f or a

p riod of at le st 4 h The mag itu e of the voltage s al b ke t con tant throu hout the

test Its value s al b derived f rom the me s red ca acitan e (se 5.3.1) to give a

calc lated output of the ca acitor eq al to 1,4 times the rated output The test value 1,4

Bef ore an af ter the test, the ca acitan e s al b me s red (se 5.3.1) within the

temp rature ran e ac ordin to 5.1.2 an the two me s rements s al b cor ected to the

same dielectric temp rature

The dif f eren e b twe n the two me s rements s al b les than that whic would

cor esp n to a pu cture of an element or whic would initiate o eration of an internal f use

When interpretin the res lts of the me s rements, the f ol owin f actors s al b taken into

ac ou t:

– the re e ta i ty of the me s rements;

– the f act that internal c an e in dielectric may cau e a smal c an e of ca acitan e,

without pu cture of an element or o eration of an internal f use havin oc ur ed When

c ec in whether the temp rature con ition are satisf actory, voltage f l ctuation,

f req en y an ambient air temp rature d rin the test s ould b taken into ac ou t For

this re son, it is ad isa le to plot these p rameters an the temp rature rise of the

container as a f un tion of time

Units inten ed f or 6 Hz in tal ation may b tested with 5 Hz an vice versa, provided that

the sp cif ied output is a pl ed For u its rated b low 5 Hz, the test con ition s ould b

agre d b twe n the manuf acturer an purc aser

5.9.2 Capa itor loss me s reme t

The ca acitor los es (or tan δ) s al b me s red at the en of the thermal sta i ty test The

me s rin voltage s al b that of the thermal sta i ty test Otherwise s bclau e 5.4.1

a pl es

The value of tan δ me s red s al not ex e d the value declared by the man f acturer or the

value agre d up n b twe n the man f acturer an purc aser

5.10 AC volta e te t betwe n terminals a d container ( ype te t)

Ca acitor u its havin b th terminals in ulated f rom the container s al b s bjected to a test

voltage a pl ed f or 1 min b twe n the terminals joined together an the container The value

of the test voltage s al b c osen ac ordin to 6.1.3.2

Units havin one terminal p rmanently con ected to the container s al also b s bjected to

a 1 min a.c voltage test b twe n the terminals to c ec the adeq ac of the in ulation to

container The test voltage is pro ortional to the rated voltage an is calc lated ac ordin to

6.1.3.3 Whenever the voltage of this test ex e d the dielectric test req irement, the test

u it's dielectric comp sition may b modif ied, f or example by in re sin the n mb r of

elements in series, to avoid dielectric f ai ure However, the in ulation to container s al not

b c an ed Alternatively, this test may b completed, u in a simi ar u it with two isolated

terminals havin the same in ulation to the container

The test is dry f or u its to b u ed in o rs For u its to b u ed outdo rs, it is p rf ormed in

artif i ial rain (IEC 6 0 0-1) The p sition of the bu hin s when s bjected to a test in artif i ial

rain s al cor esp n to their p sition in service

Durin the test, neither pu cture nor f las over s al oc ur

5.1 Lig tning impuls volta e te t betwe n terminals a d container ( ype te t)

This test is a pl ca le only to u its havin al terminals in ulated f rom the container, an with

the containers con ected to e rth (grou d)

The lghtnin impulse test s al b made in ac ordan e with IEC 6 0 0-1 but with a

wavef orm of 1,2/5 µs to 5/5 µs havin a crest value cor esp n in to the in ulation level of

the u it ac ordin to 6.1.1

Fif te n impulses of p sitive p larity f ol owed by 15 impulses of negative p larity s al b

a pl ed b twe n bu hin s joined together an the container Af ter the c an e of p larity, it is

p rmis ible to a ply some impulses of lower ampl tu e b f ore the a pl cation of the test

impulses

The ca acitor is con idered to have p s ed the test if

– no internal pu cture has oc ur ed,

– not more than two external f las overs oc ur ed at e c p larity,

– the waves a e has reve led no ir eg larities or no sig if i ant deviation f rom recordin s at

red ced test voltage

5.12 Cold duty te t ( ype te t)

The o jective of this test is to demon trate that the ca acitors of the b n can with tan an

overvoltage at the protective level f ol owed by an overc r ent con ition with the ca acitors

initial y at the lowest ambient temp rature

The voltages a pled d rin this test s al b at p wer f req en y and the wavef orm

s bstantial y sin soidal The test circ it s al b s ita ly damp d to red ce tran ients that

ex e d the pres rib d p wer f req en y voltages

The cold d ty test may b p rf ormed on either a stan ard u it or on a sp cial u it havin the

c aracteristic des rib d in IEC 6 8 1-1, s b-clau es 16.5.2 an 16.5.3

To pre are f or the test, the test u it s al b placed in a ref rigerator an the u it co led u ti

the dielectric temp rature is eq al to or lower than the lowest temp rature of the temp rature

N)

s al b a pl ed without an voltage inter uption f or a p riod of 5 to 10 c cles Af ter this the

overvoltage of U

EL

is maintained again without an voltage inter uption (Fig re 3) f or an

interval of 1,5 min to 2 min Then another eq al overvoltage seq en e s al b a pl ed, an

so on u ti 5 p wer f req en y overvoltage p riod of 1,1 U

or the voltage cor esp n in to the maximum

3 min overlo d con ition f ol owin s stem disturb n es (se Clau e 7 an 10.3.1)

whic ever is hig er

internal f use When interpretin the res lts of the me s rements, the f actors stated in 5.9.1

d p n o th te t circ it p rameters a d s o ld b a s ort a p s ible

Fig re 3 – Time a d ampl tu e l mits f or a ov rvolta e period wa ef orm

5.13 Dis harg c r e t te t ( ype te t)

This test in lu es dis harges with two dif f erent sets of p rameters The f irst test is inten ed

to demon trate that the u its can with tan the stres es that may oc ur d rin the rare

in tan e of a f las over that byp s es the dampin circ it The secon test is inten ed to

demon trate that the u its can with tan the dis harge c r ent as ociated with o eration of

the ga or clos re of the byp s switc

NOT Th dis h rg fe u n y s o ld a pro imate th t of th a plc tio

For the f irst test, the ca acitor u it s al b c arged to a d.c voltage of 2U

lm

an then

dis harged on e throu h a circ it havin an imp dan e as low as p s ible The dis harge

circ it may b implemented with a smal f use wire or a s orting switc

For the secon test, the same u it s al then b c arged to a d.c voltage of 1,6 U

lm(1,1 ×

lm) an dis harged throu h a circ it whic satis es the f ol owin con ition :

– the p ak value of the dis harge c r ent s al b not les than 1 0 % of that res ltin f rom

con u tion of the ga or the clos re of the byp s switc ;

b no sig if i ant c an e of ca acitan e at these me s rements an , in an case, it s al b

les than the c an e cor esp n in to the pu cture of an element or to the o eration of an

internal f use When interpretin the res lts of the me s rements, the f actors stated in 5.9.1

s al b taken into ac ou t

6 Insulation le el

6.1 Ins lation volta e

6.1.1 Sta dard v lu s

The in ulation with tan voltages of the ca acitor u its an of the ca acitor in tal ation s al

b c osen f rom the stan ard values pres rib d in IEC 6 0 1-1 an IEC 6 0 1-2

The stan ardized values of the hig est voltage f or eq ipment are divided into two ran es:

a) Ra g I: Ab ve 1 kV to 2 5 kV in lu ed This ran e covers b th tran mis ion an

distribution s stems The dif f erent o erational asp cts, theref ore, s al b taken into

ac ou t in the selection of the rated in ulation level of the eq ipment

b) Ra g I : Ab ve 2 5 kV This ran e covers mainly tran mis ion s stems The

as ociation of stan ard with tan voltages with the hig est voltage f or eq ipment has

b en stan ardized to b nef it f rom the exp rien e gained f rom the o eration of s stems

desig ed ac ordin to IEC stan ard an to en an e stan ardization

Stan ard with tan voltages are as ociated with the hig est voltage f or eq ipment ac ordin

to Ta le 3 f or ran e I an Ta le 4 f or ran e I

The purc aser s al sp cif y whic of the alternative test voltages s al b a pl ed

NOT In North Americ oth r v lu s of U

m

a d of rate with ta d v lta e are in u e Ta le 5 c ntain s c

v lu s whic , h we er, d n t c n titute IECsta d rd in ulatio le els

6.1.2 Ins lation to e rth a d betwe n pha e

The test voltages s al b selected amon the stan ard values in ac ordan e with 6.1.1

For in tal ation at altitu es ex e din 1 0 0 m, an in re sed in ulation may b req ired

NOT Th in ulatio le el to e rth a ple n t o ly to th platform in ulators, b t als to oth r s rie c p citor

e uipme t b twe n p a e a d e rth s c a gro n mo nte b p s switc , c mmu ic tio in ulator,

dis o n ctors etc

6.1.3 Ins lation le els f or in ulators a d e uipme t on th platf orm

6.1.3.1 Ge eral re uireme ts

The in ulation levels f or in ulators an series ca acitor eq ipment mou ted on the

s p ortin platf orm are in ref eren e to the platf orm

For in tal ation at altitu es ex e din 1 0 0 m, hig er in ulation levels may b req ired

The in ulation level of the in ulators an eq ipment on the platf orm s al b selected b sed

on the protective level esta l s ed by the overvoltage protector u in eq ation (2) b low The

,1

pl

pfiU

is the p ak voltage mag itu e of the protective level

The req ired p wer f req en y with tan voltage is derived f rom the protective level A

stan ard in ulation level is then selected f rom Ta le 3 or ta le 5 by comp rin the s ort time

p wer f req en y with tan voltage stated in the ta le with the req ired value The f irst

column in the ta les (hig est voltage f or eq ipment s al not b u ed to select a stan ard

in ulation level

6.1.3.2 Capa itor units

Ca acitor u its mou ted on in ulated platf orms, or otherwise in ulated f rom e rth, s al

with tan the p wer f req en y voltage b twe n terminals an container ac ordin to

eq ation (3) or (4) The hig er value ac ordin to eq ation (3) or (4) s al a ply

is the rated voltage of the ca acitor u it;

s is the total n mb r of ca acitor u its in series of the actual segment;

n is the n mb r of ca acitor u its in series relative to the metal rac to whic the

containers are con ected (e.g if six u its are series con ected in one rac with the

centre p int con ected to the rac , n = 3)

Ca acitor u its havin their containers con ected to e rth s al with tan f ul in ulation

ac ordin to 6.1.1 b twe n terminals an container

NOT Th e u tio s for U

ipfn)

a o e refer to th in ulatio b twe n termin ls a d c ntain r of th c p citor

u it Th e u tio s d n t a ply to th te t v lta e of th c p citor diele tric, for whic th e u tio s in Cla s 5

a ply

6.1.3.3 Capa itor ra k

An inter rac in ulation, e.g s p ort in ulators b twe n rac s, s al with tan the p wer

f req en y withstan voltage ac ordin to eq ation (3) an (4) The hig er value ac ordin

to eq ation (3) or (4) s al a ply In this case n cor esp n s to the n mb r of u its whic

sp n acros the in ulation in q estion

6.1.3.4 Sup ort in ulators a d oth r e uipme t on the platf orm

The in ulation levels f or eq ipment mou ted on the platf orm s al b selected ac ordin to

the proced re outlned in 6.1.3.1 an by a plyin eq ation (2) an (3), if not otherwise stated

b) Eq ipment in ulators

In general, the p wer f req en y in ulation level of the eq ipment on the platf orm s al b

esta l s ed by eq ation (3) an by a plyin the proced re des rib d f or bu in ulators,

with some ex e tion

c) Byp s switc

The in ulation level acros the inter upter of the byp s switc s al b b sed on the

relation hips def i ed a ove

d) Varistor

The en los re of the varistor s al have a p wer f req en y wet with tan voltage b sed

on the a ove eq ation It is not req ired that the sp cif i level selected b a stan ard

value f rom Ta le 3

The in ulators u ed in the byp s ga s al b b sed on the relation hips def i ed a ove,

takin into ac ou t the p rtion of the segment voltage to whic the byp s ga is

exp sed Intermediate as embl es can exp rien e hig tran ients d rin the normal

bre k own proces an s al b desig ed f or these con ition In ad ition, the with tan

level of the p wer ga an an trig er circ it s al b co rdinated to with tan al s stem

disturb n es without breakin u der p wer s stem con ition f or whic they are

ina pro riate

f ) Dis harge c r ent l mitin an dampin eq ipment

The in ulators u ed to s p ort the dis harge c r ent l mitin circ it f rom the platf orm s al

b b sed on the relation hips def i ed a ove, takin into ac ou t the p rtion of the

segment voltage to whic these in ulators are exp sed

The in ulation level acros the dis harge c r ent l mitin circ it s al b selected b sed

on in tantane u voltage a p arin acros the circ it when the byp s ga sp rk over

or the byp s switc closes The p wer f req en y with tan of the req ired in ulation

clas s al b at le st 1,2/ 2 times this in tantane u voltage The LIWL (l g tnin

impulse with tan level) (BIL) (b sic l g tnin impulse in ulation level) of the circ it is

then selected f rom the ta les However it mu t b recog ized that the voltage that

a p ars acros the circ it when the byp s ga con u ts or the byp s switc closes is

of a mu h hig er f req en y than 5 Hz or 6 Hz an that the d ration is very brie At

5 Hz or 6 Hz, the mag itu e of imp dan e of the circ it is u ual y very smal , makin it

virtual y imp s ible to p rf orm a p wer f req en y voltage with tan test at the selected

level On the other han , the circ it can b e si y tested with an impulse As a res lt, the

primary f oc s of the in ulation acros the circ it is its LIWL (BIL)

g) Cur ent tran f ormers an o tical c r ent tran d cers

The in ulation level of the c r ent tran f ormers an the o tical c r ent tran d cers s al

b b sed on the relation hips def i ed a ove

Table 3 – Sta dard ins lation le els f or ra ge I (1 kV < U

kV

(.m.s v lu )

Stan ard rated sh rt

duratio p wer- requ nc

10b

Table 4 – Sta d rd ins lation le els for ra g I (U

Th s v lu s a ply a for p a e-to-e rth a d p a e-to-p a e in ulatio a wel for lo gitu in l in ulatio

th y a ply a th sta d rd r ate lg tnin imp ls c mp n nt of th c mbin d sta d rd rate with ta d

v lta e, whie th p a v lu of th p wer re u n y c mp n nt of o p site p larity is 0,7 × U

Table 5 – Typic l in ulation lev ls f or platf orm- o-grou d in ulators (1 of 2)

(in ulation levels b sed on IEEE Stan ard C6 8 1-2 10)

Table 5 (2 of 2)

6.2 Cre pa e dista c

The recommen ation given in Ta le 1 of IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6 s al a ply The purc aser s al

specif y whic one of the p lution levels, or sp cif i cre p ge distan e, s al b a pl ca le

In Ta le 6, sp cif i cre p ge distan es are given f or the dif f erent p l ution levels ac ordin

to Ta le 1 of IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6 (For more detai ed des ription of the p l ution levels, se

IEC 6 0 1-2.) The cre p ge distan e is calc lated by multiplyin the general nominal

specif i cre p ge distan e in the f ourth column with the rated voltage acros the in ulation in

q estion The values in Ta le 6, column 4 are general y a pl ca le f or an voltage, i.e

phase-phase, phase-e rth or an voltages within a phase segment

If the 30 min overlo d c r ent (I

0) ex e d 1,3 pu, the cre p ge distan es s al b

in re sed l ne rly in pro ortion to (I

0/1,3 pu)

Table 6 – Spe if ic cre pa e dista c s

P lutio

level

E ample of en iro ments

(urther detais in IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6, Table 1)

In u trie n t pro u in p rtic larly p lutin smo e

Hig d n ity of h u e a d/or in u trie b t

s bje te to fe u nt win s a d/or rainfal

Th g n ral n min l s e ific cre p g dista c s in Ta le 6, Column 4, are o tain d fom v lu s in IEC 6 0 1

2:19 6, Ta le 1, multiple b 3 Th v lu s in IEC 6 0 1 2:19 6 (Column 3) are b s d o th hig e t

v lta e for e uipme t (s e 3.13) b t s o ld b a ple o p a e-gro n in ulatio s Wh n a plyin a y of th s

n min l s e ific cre p g dista c s o p a e-p a e in ulatio s, th v lu s s al b multiple b 3 A more

g n ral a pro c is to a ply th v lu s in Column 4 to th v lta e a ro s a y in ulatio p th within th b n

6.3 Air cle ra c s

Recommen ation f or selection of air cle ran e distan e are f ou d in IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6,

An ex A Minimum cle ran es have b en determined f or dif f erent electrode conf i uration

The minimum cle ran es sp cif ied are determined with a con ervative a pro c , takin into

ac ou t practical exp rien e, economy, an size of practical eq ipment in the ran e b low

1 m cle ran e These cle ran es are inten ed solely to ad res in ulation co rdination

req irements Saf ety req irements may res lt in s bstantial y larger cle ran es

Ta le 7, taken f rom IEC 6 0 1-2, s al b u ed f or phase-to-phase an phase-to-e rth

in ulation f or whic l g tnin impulse with tan voltage is def i ed

Ta le 8 an Ta le 9, taken f rom IEC 6 0 1-2, s al b u ed f or phase-to-e rth an ph

ase-to-phase in ulation f or whic switc in impulse with tan voltage is def i ed

For selection of pro er air cle ran e acros in ulation p th where only an a.c voltage

with tan req irement a pl es, e.g f or platf orm-mou ted eq ipment, the recommen ation in

An ex G of IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6 s al b u ed Minimum air cle ran e vers s a.c p wer

f req en y with tan voltage, ac ordin to Fig re 4, s al a ply if no other more detai ed

req irements are sp cif ied

Appl c tion e ample: Calc lation of in ulation level, cre p ge distan e an air cle ran e

A series ca acitor (SC) is rated X

C

C

= 1 5 0 A The 3 min overlo d c r ent

is 1,3 pu The SC is protected by a ZnO varistor with a protective level eq al to 2,2 pu The

p l ution level is level I medium, ac ordin to Ta le 6 Calc late the in ulation level, the

cre p ge distan e an the air cle ran e f or the s p ort in ulator of the hig -voltage bu b r

,1

pl

pfi

U

Ac ordin to Ta le 3, the in ulation level f or the hig -voltage bu b r in ulator is selected

as 18 kV r.m.s f or p wer f req en y with tan voltage an as 4 0 kV p ak f or l g tnin

impulse with tan voltage

Ac ordin to Fig re 4, the f ol owin is val d:

The air cle ran e cor esp n in to 17 ,3 kV r.m.s is 5 0 mm

Table 7 – Cor elation betwe n sta dard l g tning impuls withsta d volta e

NOT Th sta d rd lg tnin imp ls is a plc ble p a e-to-p a e a d p a e-to-e rth

For p a e-to-e rth, th minimum cle ra c for c n u torstru ture a d ro -stru ture is a plc ble

For p a e-to-p a e, th minimum cle ra c for ro -stru ture is a plc ble

Table 8 – Cor elation betwe n sta dard switc in impuls withsta d volta e

a d minimum pha e- o-e rth air cle ra c s

(re rod ced f rom IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6, Ta le A.2)

Stan ard switchin

(re rod ced f rom IEC 6 0 1-2:19 6, Ta le A.3)

Stan ard switchin impuls withstan -v ltage

Figure 4 – Air cle ra c v rs s a.c power f re ue c withsta d volta e

7 Overloads, overvoltages and duty cycles

7.1 Cur e ts

The series ca acitor b n s al b ca a le of with tan in the rated contin ou c r ent,

s stem swin c r ents, emergen y lo din , p wer s stem f aults an , in some a pl cation ,

harmonic c r ents Some of these con ition are i u trated in 10.3 These q antities are

6 0

8 0

1 0 0 1