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13131:2000 BS
2000-465:2001
The European Standard EN 13131:2000 has the status of a
British Standard
ICS 75.080
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
Methods of test for
petroleum and its
products Ð
BS 2000-465:
Liquid petroleum
products Ð
Determination of nickel
and vanadium
content Ð
Atomic absorption
spectrometric method
(Identical with
IP 465/2001)
Trang 2This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Sector
Committee for Materials and
Chemicals, was published under
the authority of the Standards
Committee and comes into effect
on 15 August 2000
Institute of Petroleum and
BSI 08-2000
BS EN 13131:2000
Amendments issued since publication
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13131:2000 It supersedes BS 2000-288:1993 which is withdrawn
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum testing and terminology, which has the responsibility to:
Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;
Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary
The Institute of Petroleum publishes and sells all parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be part of BS 2000, both in its annual publication ªStandard methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 partsº and individually.
Further information is available from:
The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR Tel: 020 7467 7100 Fax: 020 7255 1472.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued
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