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Bsi bs en 13131 2000 (bs 2000 465 2001)

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Tiêu đề Methods of Test for Petroleum and Its Products
Trường học Institute of Petroleum
Chuyên ngành Petroleum Testing and Terminology
Thể loại British standard
Năm xuất bản 2000
Thành phố London
Định dạng
Số trang 12
Dung lượng 211,4 KB

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13131:2000 BS

2000-465:2001

The European Standard EN 13131:2000 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 75.080

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

Methods of test for

petroleum and its

products Ð

BS 2000-465:

Liquid petroleum

products Ð

Determination of nickel

and vanadium

content Ð

Atomic absorption

spectrometric method

(Identical with

IP 465/2001)

Trang 2

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the

direction of the Sector

Committee for Materials and

Chemicals, was published under

the authority of the Standards

Committee and comes into effect

on 15 August 2000

 Institute of Petroleum and

BSI 08-2000

BS EN 13131:2000

Amendments issued since publication

National foreword

This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13131:2000 It supersedes BS 2000-288:1993 which is withdrawn

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum testing and terminology, which has the responsibility to:

Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;

Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;

Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary

The Institute of Petroleum publishes and sells all parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be part of BS 2000, both in its annual publication ªStandard methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 partsº and individually.

Further information is available from:

The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR Tel: 020 7467 7100 Fax: 020 7255 1472.

Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued

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