Bsi bs au 159g 2013

untitled BSI Standards Publication BS AU 159g 2013 Specification for repairs to tyres for motor vehicles used on the public highway Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright notice displa[.]

BSI Standards Publication

Specification for repairs to tyres for motor vehicles

used on the public highway

Publishing and copyright information

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued

© The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 75896 6

ICS 43.020; 83.160.10The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:

Committee reference AUE/3Draft for comment 13/30249071 DC

Publication history

First edition, 1973Second edition, November 1973Third edition August, 1981Fourth edition August ,1990Fifth edition December ,1997Sixth (present) edition, November 2013

Amendments issued since publication

4 Tyre inspection before and during repair 14

5 Repair and tyres suitable for repair 14

6 Tyre inspection after repair 14

Annex A (normative) Initial inspection 16

Annex B (normative) Minor repairs to radial ply tyres for cars, commercial andagricultural vehicles 18

Annex C (normative) Limits on or repairs for radial car tyres 19

Annex D (normative) Limits on major repairs for radial ply tyres for commercialvehicles 22

Annex E (normative) Limits on repairs for radial ply tyres for agriculturalvehicles 24

Annex F (normative) Minor repairs to diagonal ply tyres for cars, commercial andagricultural vehicles 25

Annex G (normative) Limits on repairs for diagonal ply car tyres 26

Annex H (normative) Limits on major repairs for diagonal ply tyres forcommercial vehicles 28

Annex I (normative) Limits on repairs for Diagonal ply tyres for agriculturalvehicles 29

Annex J (normative) Limits on minor repairs for motorcycle and scootertyres 30

Annex K (normative) Tyre repair preparation and building 31

Annex L (normative) Vulcanization 32

Annex M (normative) Repairs to inner tubes and inflation valves 33

Annex N (informative) Calculated values of repairable area of area T based on

nominal section width and percentage 36

List of figures

Figure 1 – Typical section of diagonal ply car tyre 5

Figure 2 – Typical section of radial ply car tyre 6

Figure 3 – Typical section of radial ply self supporting car tyre (SST) 7

Figure 4 – Typical section of diagonal ply commercial tyre 8

Figure 5 – Typical section of radial ply commercial vehicle tyre 9

Figure 6 – Typical section of diagonal ply agriculture tyre 10

Figure 7 – Typical Section of Radial Ply Agricultural Tyre 10

Figure B.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for penetration damagedtyres 19

Figure C.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for radial ply car tyres 21

Figure C.2 – Typical sidewall damage for radial ply car tyres 21

Figure D.1 – Repairable areas for radial commercial vehicle tyres 23

Figure D.2 – Non-repairable area of radial ply commercial vehicle tyres (A toB) 23

Figure D.3 – Typical Sidewall damage for radial ply commercial vehicle tyres 24

Figure E.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for penetration damagedtyres 24

Figure G.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for diagonal ply car tyres 27

Figure I.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for diagonal ply tyres 29

Figure J.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for motorcycle and scootertyres 31

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Figure M.1 – Typical area damage for inner tubes 34

Figure M.2 – Typical split damage for inner tubes 34

List of tables

Table 1 – Load-capacity index (LI) 11

Table 2 – Speed symbols 13

Table B.1 – Repairable area of T as a percentage of the nominal section width of

tyre 18

Table B.2 – Radial tyre injury limits: size of penetration damage (afterpreparation) 18

Table C.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 20

Table C.2 – Radial car tyre injury limits (measured at the base of injury afterpreparation) 20

Table D.1 – Commercial vehicle radial tyre injury limits (measured at base ofinjury after preparation) 22

Table E.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 24

Table E.2 – Agricultural vehicle radial tyre limits of repair (measured at base ofinjury after preparation) 25

Table F.1 – Repairable area of T in terms of percentage of nominal width of tyre

A)B) 25

Table F.2 – Diagonal ply tyre injury limits: size of penetration damage (afterpreparation) 26

Table G.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 27

Table G.2 – Diagonal ply car tyre injury limits (measured at base of injury afterpreparation) 27

Table H.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 28

Table H.2 – Diagonal ply commercial vehicle tyre injury limits (measured at base

of injury after preparation) 28

Table I.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 29

Table I.2 – Agricultural repair limits for diagonal ply tyres 29

Table J.1 – Motorcycle and scooter tyre injury limits (after preparation) 30

Table M.1 – Inner tube injury limits (after preparation) 33

Table N.1 – Calculated values for area T 36

Publishing information

This British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 November 2013 It

was prepared by Technical Committee AUE/3, Renovation of tyres for motor

vehicles A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained

on request to its secretary

Supersession

This British Standard supersedes BS AU 159f:1997, which is withdrawn

Information about this document

Repairs for limited run-flat tyres and temporary use spare tyres are not covered

by this British Standard Repairs to inner tubes are covered, but repairs forcommercial vehicle steel diagonal ply tyres are not, as this type of tyre isconsidered obsolete

The 1973 edition of this British Standard specified the use of an inner tube torepair very small penetrations in tubeless tyres This method is not specified inthe 1981, 1990, 1997 editions or the present edition

Good workshop practice for tyre repair is included in this British Standard, withemphasis on conditions during vulcanizing to ensure that carcasses are cured inthe relaxed shape

Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance with The BSI guide to

standardization – Section 2: Rules for the structure, drafting and presentation of

British Standards, subclause 11.3.1, which states, “Requirements should be

expressed using wording such as: ‘When tested as described in Annex A, theproduct shall ’” This means that only those products that are capable ofpassing the specified test will be deemed to conform to this standard

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

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1 Scope

This British Standard specifies requirements for the repair of diagonal ply andradial ply pneumatic tyres for motorcycles, scooters, cars, commercial andagricultural vehicles for use on the public highway It specifies inspectionprocedures, performance criteria, repair materials, and marking requirements,for both tubed and tubeless tyres

The repair of tubes and inflation valves is also covered

This British Standard is not applicable to:

a) tyres designed for use on pre-1933 vehicles, as their design and constructioncan be unique and outside the range of tyres in current use;

b) T-type temporary use spare tyres;

c) temporary seals, i.e externally inserted plugs, intended to allow the vehicle

to be driven for a limited period, until a permanent repair can be effected;d) use of liquid sealants introduced into tubed or tubeless tyres to aid the air

retention property (see Clause 9);

e) tyres containing sealant gel; andf) specialist repairs carried out by the original tyre manufacturer

2 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions apply

NOTE Figure 1 to Figure 7 supplement the definitions given in this clause.

2.1 Structure

pneumatic tyre of the diagonal ply type, with the carcass restricted by a beltcomprising two or more layers of inextensible cord material laid at alternateangles not greater than those of the carcass

NOTE For the purposes of this British Standard, a bias-belted tyre may be treated as

a diagonal ply tyre.

pneumatic tyre in which the ply cords extend to the bead and lie at alternateangles substantially less than 90° to the centreline of the tread

NOTE Also known as cross ply tyre.

NOTE The angle varies between manufacturers and applications.

pneumatic tyre in which the ply cords extend to the bead and lie atapproximately 90° to the centreline of the tread, the carcass stabilized by anessentially inextensible circumferential belt

pneumatic tyre in which the ply cords extend to the bead and lie atapproximately 90°to the centerline of the tread, the carcass stabilized by anessentially inextensible circumferential belt

NOTE Such tyres have a specially reinforced sidewall to enable them to perform when deflated Limited in-service conditions might apply when run deflated, refer to brand manufacturer.

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2.1.5 temporary use spare tyre

tyre intended only for temporary use, under restricted driving conditions, (e.g

at high speeds or over a long distance) and of different type to those fitted fornormal driving conditions

temporary use spare tyre designed for use in one position only at a time, withinflation pressures higher than those for standard or reinforced tyres

combination of a tyre’s load index and speed symbol

NOTE See Table 1 and Table 2.

intermediate ply between carcass and tread (diagonal ply tyres only)

NOTE See also 2.3.13 protective breaker.

structural part of a tyre, not including the tread and outermost rubber of thesidewalls, which, when inflated, bears the load on the tyre

material (in the bead area) used to protect the carcass against rim chafing

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layer of rubber, from bead toe to bead toe, on the inside of the carcass

NOTE In tubeless tyres the inner-lining has air-retaining properties.

part of a tyre between the tread and the bead

specially designed sidewalls allowing limited tyre performance whilst in adeflated state

shaped moulded unit combining a patch with a stem protruding from the centre

of the bonding face, used for the dual purpose of sealing and filling apenetration in a tyre

tyre or tube repair unit able to vulcanize to the inside of a tyre or outside of atube, with the object of sealing a penetration, and, if necessary, providingreinforcement

NOTE See 2.4.2 to 2.4.6

patch containing material, in addition to rubber, often in the form of cords orcables of textile or non-textile material, that impart additional strength whilemaintaining ability to flex compatibly in normal service when vulcanized onto atyre carcass/inner liner

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2.4.5 reinforced cross ply patch

type of reinforced patch in which the cords are oriented to align approximatelywith the ply cords in a diagonal ply tyre

type of reinforced patch in which the cords are oriented to align approximatelywith the ply cords in a radial ply tyre

patch containing no restricting or reinforcing cords, used for tube repairs andminor penetration repairs in tyres

repair requiring a reinforced patch

NOTE Major repairs are fully defined in Annex C, Annex D, Annex F and Annex G.

repair requiring one of the following:

a) rubber only repairb) combination plug patchc) reinforced patch with penetration filler material

macromolecular material with the following properties:

a) rapid return to the original shape, at room temperature, after substantialdistortion under weak stress; and

b) resistance to permanent deformation by heat and moderate pressure

chemical transformation of rubber from the plastic to elastic state, by:

a) heat and pressure for a given period; orb) natural process at room temperature [minimum 15 °C (59 °F)] over anextended period, with or without pressure

NOTE Also known as curing.

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Figure 1 Typical section of diagonal ply car tyre

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Figure 2 Typical section of radial ply car tyre

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Figure 3 Typical section of radial ply self supporting car tyre (SST)

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Figure 4 Typical section of diagonal ply commercial tyre

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Figure 5 Typical section of radial ply commercial vehicle tyre

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Figure 6 Typical section of diagonal ply agriculture tyre

Figure 7 Typical Section of Radial Ply Agricultural Tyre

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Table 2 Speed symbols

Speed symbol

3 Tyre performance

Tyres repaired in accordance with this British Standard shall be able to operate

at their original speeds, loads and inflation pressures (service description)

NOTE Limits of repairable damage to car tyres, commercial vehicle tyres, motorcycle tyres, scooter tyres, agricultural tyres, tubes, and valves, so that the tyres retain their original speed capabilities or performance, are given in Annex A to Annex M.

4 Tyre inspection before and during repair

4.1 Tyres shall be removed from the associated wheel and thoroughly inspected

internally and externally, to determine suitability for repairing, in accordancewith the inspection requirements and damage limits in Annex A to Annex H asapplicable

4.2 After injury preparation and before application of a patch or new rubber,

tyres shall be thoroughly re-examined to determine continued suitability forrepair

4.3 Any existing repair shall be closely inspected, and, if the condition is found

to be unsatisfactory, removed and the damage assessed, in accordance withAnnex B to Annex H as applicable

5 Repair and tyres suitable for repair

5.1 Damage assessed as detrimental to performance, and within the damage

injury limits given in Annex A to Annex H, shall be repaired in accordance withAnnex J, Annex K, and Annex B to Annex H as applicable

5.2 Tyres damaged as described in Annex A and/or outside the injury damage

limits of Annex C to Annex H shall be rejected as unsuitable for repair

6 Tyre inspection after repair

On repair, all tyres shall be thoroughly inspected to establish that they areoperating as they are intended, and to check that:

a) repairs (including previous repairs) are free from defects and distortions thatmight reduce performance capabilities;

b) damage that could affect service life has been repaired; andc) major (reinforced) repairs have been marked in accordance with Clause 7.

For repairs vulcanized with heat, inspection shall be carried out within 30 min ofvulcanization

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7 Marking

7.1 Tyres with major repairs shall be marked internally, by means other than hot

branding, adjacent to or on each repair, permanently and legibly, with thenumber and date of this British Standard, i.e BS AU 159g:20131), and with therepairer’s name or identification mark The minimum height of the charactersshall be 4 mm

7.2 Commercial and agricultural vehicle tyres with major sidewall repairs shall be

marked, radially in line with each repair at a point just above the area covered

by the rim flange, permanently and legibly, with the number and date of thisBritish Standard, i.e BS AU 159g:20131),and with the repairer’s name oridentification mark The minimum height of the characters shall be not less than

4 mm

NOTE 1 Marking may be effected by hot branding or a pre-printed label.

NOTE 2 Minor repairs do not require marking.

c) compatibility of solutions cements and repair compounds;

d) damage limits for repair patches with reference to injury and tyretypes/sizes;

e) the ability of the materials to conform to Clause 3;

f) the suitability of materials for the service intended; andg) requirements on ambient temperature during repair

NOTE It is recommended that repair material application is carried out at an ambient minimum temperature of 15 °C.

9 Sealants

Liquid sealant introduced into inner tubes or tubeless tyres to aid air retentionproperties shall not be considered to be a permanent repair

NOTE 1 This excludes any gel that forms part of the original construction.

NOTE 2 Damaged tyres should be removed from the associated wheel and thoroughly inspected because a penetrating object could damage the inside of the carcass, or excessive deflection could cause dislocation of the carcass cords.

10 Tube and inflation valves

Tubes and inflation valves repaired in accordance with this British Standard shallretain their original performance capabilities (service description)

1) Marking BS AU 159g:2013 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’s declaration of conformity, i.e a claim

by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimant’s responsibility Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity.

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Annex A

(normative)

Initial inspection

Before preparation, tyres shall be examined to establish suitability for repair

Tyres exhibiting any of the conditions described in A.2 to A.8 shall be rejected as

unsuitable for repair

tyres

Non-repairable conditions applicable to all sizes and types of tyres shall be asfollows:

a) extensive rubber cracking extending through to the carcass;

b) carcass penetration or damage that, after preparation, is outside the injurylimits in Annex C to Annex H;

c) previous repairs to damage outside the injury limits in Annex C to Annex H;d) carcass break-up;

e) appreciable oil or chemical attack;

f) injuries too close together for separate repairs, and beyond the limits fortreatment as a single (larger) repair;

g) damaged or broken bead core;

h) substantial deterioration of the inner liner; andi) damage caused by service in an underinflated condition

A.3 Non-repairable conditions applicable to car tyre carcass (in addition to A.2)

Non-repairable conditions applicable to car tyre carcass (in addition to those

listed in A.2) shall be as follows:

a) bead damage other than rubber or chafer damage;

b) exposed cords due to tread wear or sidewall scuffing;

c) non-repairable tread or sidewall rubber separation from the carcass

A.4 Non-repairable conditions applicable to car radial ply tyre carcass (in addition to A.2 and A.3)

Car radial ply tyre carcasses with visible separation in the belt (or any of the

damage listed in A.2 and A.3) shall be rejected as unsuitable for repair.

diagonal ply textile tyres (in addition to A.2)

Non-repairable conditions applicable to commercial vehicle diagonal ply textile

tyres (in addition to those listed in A.2) shall be as follows:

a) carcass ply separations outside the limits of a major repair;

b) bead damage, other than rubber or chafer damage, as follows:

1) not more than three damaged areas per bead;

2) no damaged area more than 25 mm long;

3) no two damaged areas less than 300 mm apart;

4) no damage penetrating more than 25% of the carcass plies;

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