Tiêu chuẩn iso 20683 2 2016

© ISO 2016 Aircraft ground equipment — Design, testing and maintenance requirements for nose gear towbarless towing vehicle (TLTV) — Part 2 Regional aircraft Matériels au sol pour aéronefs — Exigences[.]

A ircraft g round equipment —

Part 2:

Matérie ls a sol p ur a ro efs — Exigenc s de co c ption,essais et

entr tien p ur tracteur sans b r e de traina a t (TLT ) —

Partie 2: Aéro efs ré ion u

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2016, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

A ll rig hts r eserved Unles otherw ise spe ified, nopar of this p blc tion ma y be r epr od c d or utilz d otherw ise in an form

or b an me ns, ele tr onic or me hanic l, inclu in p oto opying , or postin on the internet or an intranet , w ithout prior

written permis ion Permis ion c n be req esed from either ISO at the ad r es below or ISO’s member bod y in the c u try of

F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitions 2

4 Desig n requir ements 4

4.1 General 4

4.2 Towing lo ds 4

4.3 Pick-up an holding sys em 5

4.4 Ove s e ring pr ote tion 5

4.5 Tes ing o erations 5

4.5.1 Sn b ing an jer king 5

4.5.2 Vibrations 6

4.5.3 A ir craf braking 6

4.5.4 Stabi ty 6

4.6 Vehicle clas ification 6

4.7 Placar ding 6

5 Testing r equirements 7

5.1 General 7

5.2 Static lo d tests 7

5.3 Dynamic lo d tests 7

5.4 Operational tes s 8

5.5 A ircr af braking 8

6 Compute mo eling 9

6.1 General 9

6.2 Valdation 9

7 Maintenanc e 10

7.1 General 1

7.2 Maintenanc manual 1

7.3 Req ir ement 1

7.4 Calbration 1

7.5 Spe ial to ls 1

7.6 Training 1

7.7 Maintenanc records 1

8 Qual ty c ontrol 12

9 Trac eabi ity and ac c ountabiity 13

10 Modificatio s 14

11 Operating instr uctions 14

Biblog raphy 15

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lated to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www.iso.org/ iso/for word.html

The committ ee r sponsible for this document is ISO/TC 2 , Airc rat a d s pac e vehicles , Subcommitt ee

SC 9, Air c arg a d gro nd eq ipment

This se on edition canc ls an r plac s the firs edition of ISO 2 68 -2:2 04, which has be n

te h icaly r vised

A l s of al p rt in theISO 2 68 se iescan be foun on the ISO websit e

This document spe if ies design, t es ing, maint enanc and as ociat ed r q ir ment t o be a pled on

t owb rles air raf t owing vehicles t o be used on r gional civi transp rt air raf in orde t o ensur

their o e ation wi not r sult in damag e t o air raf nose lan ing g ears, their st ee ing syst ems or

as ociat ed air raf s ructur

Throughout this document, the minimum es ential c it eria ar identif ied b the use of the keyword

“ hal.” Othe r commen ed c it eria ar identif ied b the use of the keyword “ hould” an , w hie not

mandat ory, ar conside ed t o be of primary imp rtanc in pro iding safe an se vic a le t owbarles

tract ors Alt ernative solutions ma be ado t ed only aft er car ful conside ation, ext ensive t es ing an

thorough se vic ev luation ha e shown them t o be eq iv lent

A ircraft g round equipment — Desig n, testing and

Part 2:

This document is a plca le t o t owb rles air raf t owing vehicles (TLTVs) int erfacing with the nose

lan ing g ear of civi transp rt air raf with a ma imum ramp mas comprised between 1 0 0 an

5 0 0 kg (2 0 0 an 1 0 0 0 lb), commonly designat ed as “ regional air raf ” The r q ir ment for

main lne transp rt air raf with a highe ma imum ramp mas ar spe if ied in ISO 2 6 3-1 It is not

a plca le t o TLTVs w hich we e man factur d befor it dat e of publ cation

It pe ifies g ene al design r q ir ment , t es ing and ev luation r q ir ment , maint enanc , cal bration,

documentation, r cords, tracing an ac ounta i ty r q ir ment in orde t o ensur that the lo ds

in uc d b the t ow vehicle wi l not ex ce d the design lo ds of the nose g ear or it st ee ing sy st em, or

r d c the c rtif ied safe l fe lmit of the nose g ear, or in uc a s a i ty pro lem d ring air raf push

b ck an / r maint enanc t owing o e ations

This document spe if ies r q ir ment an proc d r s for t owb rles t ow vehicles (TLTVs) int en ed

for air raf pushb ck an g t e r location or maint enanc t owing only It is not int en ed t o alow for

disp t ch (o e ational) t owing ( e Clause 3) Dispat ch t owing imp sesgr at er lo ds on nose g ears an

air raf s ructur d e t o the combination of spe d an ad itional p s eng er, carg o, and fuel lo ds

This document does not a ply t o t ow barles t owing vehicles int erfacing with air raf main lan ing g ear

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

NOTE TLTV designe s should also take int o ac ount the r q ir ment of document r fe enc d in the

Biblo ra hy

ISO 6 66-1, Airc ra t gro nd eq ipment — B as ic r q ir ments — Part 1: G ene al des ig r q ir ments

ISO 6 66- 2, Airc ra t gro nd eq ipment — B as ic r q ir ments — Part 2 : S fet y r q ir ments

F ede al Aviation R egulations (FAR) 14 C R Part 2 , Air worthines s Sta dards: Tra s port c ateg ry

airpla es,p ra ra hs 2 5.3 1,L ads, a d 2 5.50 9 , Tow in lo ds

1)

Certific atio S ec ific atio s a d Acc epta le Mea s o Complianc e fr L rge Ae o la es CS- 2 5 , p ra ra hs

2 5.3 1,L ads,2 5.50 9 , Tow in lo ds, 2 5.745(d),Nos e -whe l s te rin , a d AMC 2 5.745(d)

2)

1) FA R Part 2 constitutes the U.S.A g overnment tr ansport air craf airworthines r eg ulations an can b o tained

fr om US Government Printing Ofice, Mail Stop S OP, Washing ton DC 2 40 -9 2 ,U.S.A

2) EASA CS 5 constitute the E r ope n g overnments tr ansport air cr af airworthines r eg ulations, an can b

o tained fr om E r ope n Aviation S fety A g ency: Otoplatz 1, D-5 6 9 Colog ne, German y - http:/ e sa.eur opa

eu/ ficial-p blication/

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the fol owing t erms and def initionsa ply

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www.ele tro edia.org

— ISO Onlnebrow sing plat orm: a aia le at ht p:/ www.iso.org o p

3.1

main l ne air raf

civi p s eng er an / r fr ight transport air raf with a ma imum ramp mas o e 5 0 0 k g (1 0 00 lb)

maximum ramp mas

ma imum ramp weight

MRW

ma imum mas alowa le for an air raf ty e w hen lea ing it p rking position eithe u de it own

p we or t owed, comprising ma imum s ructural take-of mas (MTOW) an ta ing fuel alowanc

3.4

push ack

mo ing a fuly lo ded air raf [up t o ma imum ramp mas (MRW)] from the p rking position t o the

ta iwa

Not e 1 t o entry: Movement inclu es pick-u , p shb ck with turn, a stop, a short p sh or tow t o align air raf an

nose whe ls, an rele se E gines may or may not b operating Air raf movement is similar to a conventional

p shb ck operation with a tow b r T pical spe d do s not ex ce d 1 km.h-1 (6 mp )

3.5

maintenance towing

mo ement of an air raf for maint enance /r mot e p rking purposes (e.g from the p rking p sition t o a

maint enanc hang r)

Not e 1 t o entry: T e air raf is ty ical y u lo ded with minimal fuel lo d (reference light gros weight, LGW),

with spe ds u t o 3 km.h-1(2 mp )

3.6

g te relocatio towing

mo ement of an air raf from one p rking p sition t o an adjac nt one or one in the same g ene al ar a

Not e 1 t o entry: T e air raf is ty ical y u lo ded with minimal fuel lo d [reference light gros weight (LGW) ,

with spe ds int ermediate b tween p shb ck an maintenance towing

3.7

dispatch towing

o eratio al towing

t owing a r ven e air raf [lo ded with pas eng ers, fuel, an carg o up t o ma imum ramp mas (MRW)],

from the t erminal g t e /r mot e p rking ar a, t o a location near the active ru wa , or conve sely,

p s ibly co e ing seve al kiometr s with spe ds up t o or o e 3 km.h-1 (2 mph), with seve al s art ,

st ops an turns

Not e 1t o entry: R eplaces ty ical ta ing operations prior to take-of or aft er lan ing

Note 2 to entry: In the def initions of the t owing modes, the freq ency of operation has not b en inclu ed T is

should not b interpreted t o me n that no limitations are present For limitations on the freq ency of p shb ck

an maint enance operations, refer t o the ap ropriate airframe man facturer’ sdocumentation or consult directly

with the airframe man facturer

r fe enc air raf mas for combined t es ing of the vehicle an air raf, def ined as the man factur r’s

o e ating empty mas of the air raf ty e conc rned, plus fuel r maining in the tanks on lan ing (1 %

t o 2 % of t otal tan s ca acity)

3.1

he v gros weight

HGW

r fe enc air raf mas for combined t es ing of the vehicle an air raf, def ined as the man factur r’s

o e ating empty mas of the air raf conc rned, plus at leas 5 % of the ma imum t otal fuel tan s

ca acity on the ty e, or it eq iv lent in mas (p y lo d ma be ac ou t ed if pr sent, pro iding air raf

b lanc con ition r mains within l mit )

3.12

maximum lmits

l mit (for an af tractive for e, t orsional or angular) es a lshed b the airframe man factur r as

not-t o-ex ce d v lues int en ed t o pr clu e pos ibledamag e t o nose lan ing g ear or s ructur

Note 1 to entry: Ma imum limits are esta lished by airframe man facturer’ s documentation an may b diferent

for t owb rles or tow b r towing operations Al air raf lo d limits are limit lo ds as def ined in FAR /EASA CS

para rap 2 3 1(a)

3.13

o eratio al l mits

l mit (for an af tractive for e, t orsional or angular) w hich ar set at a les e v lue than the ma imum

l mit es a lshed b the airframe man factur r

3.1

air raf famiy

grouping of air raf ty es or subty es, def ined b their man factur r, for w hich the same ma imum

l mit ma be a pled

Note 1 t o entry: A family usualy encompas es al sub-ty es of a given ty e, but may also inclu e other ty es

Testing for one (usualy the lightest) model of the family results in towb rles t owing ap roval for the whole

family S e airframe man facturer t owb rles towing evaluation documentation

3.1

TLTV set ing

grouping of air raf ty es or sub-ty es, def ined b the TLTV man factur r, for w hich a single

o e ational l mit set ing is used

Note 1 to entry: A single T TV set ing usualy encompas es air raf ty es or sub-ty es, which may b prod ced

by diferent airframe man facturer , in a same def ined MRW rang

ex ce denc of ma imum t orsional lo d or angular lmit w he e p t ential damag e t o the nose lan ing

g ear s ructur or st ee ing sy st em could take plac

Not e 1 t o entry: These limits are def ined in the ap ropriate airframe man facturer’ s documentation Tor ional

lo d limits ty ical y oc ur af er ex ce ding angular limits, but may oc ur b fore the angular limit is re ched (e.g

nose g ear hydraulic syst em by as failure)

4.1.2 A irfr ame man facturers should pr ovide information for each air craf type which alows TLTV

man factur ers or air lines to self-tes or ev luate the towbar les tow vehicles themselves Refe to the

airframe man factur er’s documentation for ev luation r eq ir ements an detaied testing pr oc d res

that ma y be difer ent rom or ad itional to thosecontained in this document

4.1.3 TLTV man factur ers should pr ep r e an pr ovide cus ome s or r eg ulatory ag encies, as req ired,

with a c rtificate of complanc or eq iv lent documentation, as evidenc that suc es ful testing an

ev luation of a spe ific tow vehicle/ ir craf type combination has be n completed in ac ordanc w ith

this document an / r the a plca le airframe man factur er’s documentation This c rtificate shal

alow the use of the vehicle on spe ificaly desig nated air craf model types T e c rtificate should be

establshed u de an a pr opriate q alty contr ol prog ram me ting the r equir ement of ISO 9 01 or

eq iv lent pe tinent in ustry s an ar d

4.1.4 Towbar les towing vehicles shal, eithe b intrinsic desig n or thr oug h a pr opriate lo d lmiting

devic s, ensur e that the folow ing max imum lmits ar e not exc eded

4.2 Tow ing loads

4.2.1 T e push an pul towing forces ind c d b the TLTV onto the air cr af’s nose lan ing g ear as a

result of eithe ac elerating or braking shal be ve ified as pe Clauses 5 an / r 6 her eafe , and shal not

at any time exc ed the max imum v lues spe ified b the air craf man factur er

4.2.2 Depen ing on the rang e of air craf types the TLTV is comp tible with, pr eset ow ing lo d v lues

ma y be used for a n mbe of air craf types or sub-types in a g iven MRW rang e In this case, each TLTV

setting shal comply with the ma imum lmit spe ified b the man factur er( )of the desig nated aircr af

types, sub-types, or famiy(s) thereof as defined b the air craf man factur ers, and each TLTV seting

shal be subje ted to a sep rate ve ification

4.3 Pick-up and holding system

4.3.1 T e TLTV’s nose lan ing g ear pick-up/r elease devic should o er ate in a smo th an continuous

man e Abrupt or osci lating lo ds d ring the pick-up r elease seq enc should not oc ur It should be

desig ned to minimiz the lo ds d ring the pick-up r elease seq enc The drag lo ds in uc d d ring

pick-up r eleaseshould fal wel below the “peak” lo ds ex pe ienc d d ring a typical o eration

4.3.2 T e max imum lo ds in uc d b pick-up an r elease seq enc s shal be measur ed eithe on an

air craf or on a fix tur e repr esentative of the nose g ear g eometry T e ve tical lo d on the nose g ear or

fix tur e shal be eq al to the ve tical lo d used for fatig ue justification (r efe to the a propriate airframe

man factur er’s documentation) The max imum lf (height a o e the g r ou d) of the nose g ear shal not

exc ed the v lues g iven in the airframe man factur er’s documentation if such v lues ar e pr ovided

4.4 Over ste r ing pr otection

4.4.1 T e ma imum ang ular or torsional lo d lmit stated b the air craf’s manufactur er in the event

of o e s e ring shal not at any time be exc eded S e aircraf manufactur er’s TLTV as es ment c ite ia

document

4.4.2 T is ma y be achieved eithe b o e s e r pr ote tion buit into the TLTV, or b an o e s e r

ale ting sys em being pr ovided

4.4.3 Ove s e r pr ote tion ma y be achieved eithe b intrinsic desig n pr eclu ing the pos ibi ty of

eithe lmit being reached or exc eded, or b a fai-safe o e s e r prote tion sys em ensuring they shal

not be exc eded Ove s e r ale ting shal consis in an a pr opriate fai-safe warning sys em instaled on

the TLTV, pr oviding the drive w ith u mis aka le in ication that one of the max imum lmits was r eached

EASA CS r q ir ment :

F or air raf r gist er d or o e at ed u de EASA CS- 25 para ra h 2 745(d) an as ociat ed

AMC2 745(d), r q ir s the TLTV man factur rs t o pro ide a De laration ofC mpl anc (4.1.3)of their

unit’s o e st ee prot ection or o e st ee ale ting sy st em( ) with thepr sent Int ernational Standard an

the c it eria publ shed b the man factur r of each air raf ty e for w hich it isint en ed, an the air raf

man factur rs t o ls in their a pro riat e documentation the TLTV models that wer spe ificaly

ac ept ed for each air raf ty e b sed on this De laration of C mpl anc

4.4.4 No testing of the TLTV o e s e r pr ote tion or ale ting sys ems shal be pe formed on an

in-se vic air craft , in orde to pr eclu e any p s ible damag e to the NLG structur e or s e ring sys em Such

testing should be ac omplshed with a suitable g r ou d tes ing devic r epresentative of the spe ific

air craf model for which the TLTV is inten ed, or thr oug h a pr opriate n me ic simulation demons r ation

4.5 Testing operations

4.5.1 Snubbing and jer king

Sn b ing an je king efe t or mo ement should be a oided d ring t es ing