Tiêu chuẩn iso 18828 2 2016

3.1.1 co tainer co cept ex lcit choic of a transp rt containe , such as bl st er p cks, lat ic b x es or smal p rt containe s 3.1.2 delvery co cept s rat eg ado t ed t o sup ly in ivid a

Industrial automation systems

Part 2:

S stème s d’a tomatisation industrie lle et inté ration — Procédur s

n rmalisée s p ur l’ing nierie de s système s de production —

Partie 2: Proce ss us de réér nc  p ur la pla if ation de la production 

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© ISO 2016, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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written permis ion Permis ion c n be req esed from either ISO at the ad r es below or ISO’s member bod y in the c u try of

the r eq eser

ISO c pyrig ht ofic

F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms, definitio s and ab r eviated terms 2

3.1 Te msan definitions 2

3.2 A bbreviated te ms 3

4 Referenc e mo el for pr oductio planning pr oc es 3

4.1 Summary of the pr oc s A 0(level 1) 5

4.2 Summary of the pr oc s A 2(level 2) 6

4.2.1 Summary of the pr oc s A 2.1 (level 3) 8

4.2.2 Summary of the pr oc s A 2.2 (level 3) 1

4.2.3 Summary of the pr oc s A 2.3 (level 3) 1

4.2.4 Summary of the pr oc s A 2.4 (level 3) 1

4.3 A ssociated plan ing functions 2

A nne x A (informative)Summary of the as ociated planning functio s 23

A nne x B (informative)Productio plannin dis iplnes 26

A nne x C (informative) Object-Pr oc es Diag ram 29

Biblog raphy 31

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lated to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www.iso.org/ iso/for word.html

The committ ee r sp nsible for this document is Te h ical C mmitt ee ISO/TC 1 4, Automatio sys tems

a d integratio ,Subcommitt ee SC4, Indus trial data

A l s of al p rt in theISO 1 8 8se ies can be fou d on the ISO websit e

This document desc ibes a r fe enc planning proc s w hich aims t o es a lsh a consist ent

un e s an ing of prod ction planning proc s es in the lfe ycle s ag e of prod ction pr paration

ad r s ing the phase in betwe n design an man facturing ( e Figur 1) The primary a plcation

domain of the r fe enc planning proc s is planning ofprod ction sy st ems, e.g “ make-t o-st ock” or

“as emble-t o-orde ” prod ction

Inves ig tions in the ar a of man facturing lucidly show an inc eased uti ization of digital planning

t ools t o mast er prod ct an proc s complexity an r sp n t o contin ous cos an time pr s ur

Prod ction planning t oda uses many dife ent IT-t ools These t ools ar mos ly s an alone solutions

that ar highly orient ed t owards spe if ic use cases The isolation of the IT-t ools hin e s sus aina le

sy st em consist ency The het erog eneity an incomp tibi ity ofthe IT sy st ems hampe s int erdisciplnary

planning ac os multiple phases A lack of clear s ructur s for each phase leads, for ex mple, t o

inefficient planning and r d n ant proc s es, multiple work, trans ormation faiur s, an incomplet e

information The comparison of plan ing r sult , as wel as information trans e betwe n dife ent

planning disciplnes, is difficult Despit e this a u danc of IT t ools, as wel as an o e flow of v rious

proc s desc iptions on al kind of spe ial z d prod ction domains in lt eratur , a lack of common

s an ards is pr sently o se v ble

NOTE 1 F or further re ding, se Biblio rap y

The r fe enc plan ing proc s introd c d within this document is i us rat ed in Figur 1 It is

embed ed betwe n the prod ct design proc s and the prod ction proc s This i lus ration depict

the seq ential phases of the prod ct lfe cycle, beginning with the conc pt phase, folowed b the

ev luation of the prod ct design u ti the s art of man facturing It s r s es the major imp rtanc of

a r fe enc proc s for prod ction plan ing as a lnk betwe n prod ct design and prod ction it elf A

detaied visualzation of the planning proc s es is given in An ex B

Figure 1 — Clas ificatio of the reference planning proces (qualtative depictio )

To achieve the g oal of a consist ent planning an harmonization of the multiple proc s es, the

develo ment of a r fe enc proc s for prod ction planning is envisioned Planning proc s es within

the man facturing phase wi l be analy sed and me g ed t o o timiz the eff iciency an transp r ncy

of each proc s activity The eb org nizational, t ech olo ical/t ech ical an conc ptual bar ie s ar

identified an with a pro riat e measur s minimiz d or t otal y elminat ed

In orde t o int egrat e IT sy st ems ac os the multiple phases of prod ct develo ment, the proc s es used

in prod ction plan ing ne d t o be formalz d an s an ardiz d

F or use spe if ic a plca i ty, the desc iption of the model wi be r al z d b the use of dife ent

levels of detai The r fe enc planning proc s , as shown in Figur 1, comprises the t otalty of

proc s es within the prod ction plan ing Figur 2 depict the r fe enc planning proc s viewed

as an embed ed proc s taking input information from earle phases of the prod ct l fe cycle (e.g as

pro ided in ISO 1 3 3- 242) an r leasing information such as work sched les t o folow-up proc s es

(e.g as desc ibed in ISO 1 3 3- 23 ) A g ene al o e view an a detaied ex lanation of al proc s es

within the r fe enc planning proc s is given in Clause 4

Figure 2 — Integratio s enario of the reference planning proces considering ISO 1 303

Ap lcatio A ctivity Mo ules (AAM)

NOTE 2 For further demar ation an pos ible inte ration t o other stan ards considering in ustrial data, e.g

prod ct data (se ISO 1 3 3-1), component data (se ISO 1 5 4-1), prod ction data (se ISO 1 5 1-1) an

life-cycle data (se ISO 1 9 6-1),se Biblio rap y

Industrial automation systems and integ ration —

Part 2:

This document desc ibes a r fe enc plan ing proc s for seamles prod ction plan ing

NOTE In this conte t, “ e mles ” me ns the consideration of multiple plan ing aspects (relevant plan ing

dis iplines) within the prod ct life cycle, as ilustrat ed in Figure 1 an Figure B.1

The sco e of the discus ed r fe enc proc s focus es on the plan ing of prod ction sy st ems such as

make-t o-st ock or as emble-t o-orde prod ction The analy sis of the proc s activities has be n l mit ed

t o those within the prod ction plan ing The fol owing aspe t ar within the sco e of thisdocument:

— g ene al o e view of the r fe enc planning proc s ;

— basic principles of the proc s model;

— desc iption of each level identified within the r fe enc planning proc s for prod ction planning;

— s ructur of activities an r lations within each plan ing disciplne;

— depen encies of int erdiscipl nary activities

The folowing it ems ar out ide the sco e ofthis document:

— mat erial r q ir ment plan ing man facturing r sour e plan ing;

— prod ction orde control;

— prod ction proc s ;

— early s ag e prod ct design;

— orde manag ement, invent ory manag ement, pur hasing, transp rtation, war housing;

— prod ction faci ities plan ing/ man facturing faci ities plan ing (phy sical plant an eq ipment),

inclu ing any kin of r sour e that is not dir ctly r lat ed t o the man facturing proc s ;

— v lue chain ( inb u d lo is ics, o e ations manag ement, out bou d lo is ics, marketing an sales);

— r sour e visual zation;

— proc s simulation

2 Normati ve r eferences

The e ar no normative r fe enc s in this document

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purp ses of this document , the t erms an definitions given in ISO 1 5 1 -1 an the folowing a ply

3.1.1

co tainer co cept

ex lcit choic of a transp rt containe , such as bl st er p cks, lat ic b x es or smal p rt containe s

3.1.2

delvery co cept

s rat eg ado t ed t o sup ly in ivid al part , mod les or f inished prod ct t o the as embly an

man facturing r sour es

pro uction proces manag ement

planning proc s d ring the prod ction phase

Not e 1 to entry: Af er the start of prod ction, the prod ction proces mana ement is involved if proces or

prod ct chang s (req ests) oc ur which le d t o a new plan ing it eration It do s not inclu e the operation

plan ing, plan ing of materials an resour es or the plan ing an control of prod ction

3.1.5

o erating reso r es

mo a le an immo a le r sour es that contribut e t o prod ction

3.1.6

planning s enario

combination of c rtain planning v riant from al planning discipl nes

3.1 7

proces chain

seq enc of proc s activities

3.1.8

pro uct design proces

proc s of design of a prod ct from the idea for a prod ct through t o the las engine ring bi l of

mat erials (EBOM)

3.1 9

pro uct structure

s ructur pro iding a fu ctional clas ification of al it ems, p rt , comp nent , sub-as embles an

as embl es of a prod ct

Not e 1 to entry: The hierar hical“as-designed” prod ct structure which is def ined d ring prod ct design alows

the c e tion of an engine ring bil of materials (E OM)

3.1.1

reference planning proces

wor k sy stem

sy st em used t o fulf il a work task an desc ibed b the seven sy st em t erms (work task, work pro r s ,

h man, r sour e an eq ipment, input, output, environmental influenc s)

3.2 Abbreviated ter ms

BOM bi l of mat erials

EBOM engine ring bi l of mat erials (BOMfrom the design pe spe tive)

MBOM man facturing bi of mat erials (BOM from the prod ction pe spe tive)

SADT s ructur d analy sis an design t ech iq e

SOP s art of prod ction

4 Referenc e model for production planning proc es

To pro ide information for dife ent use groups an use cases, the r fe enc proc s model for

prod ction plan ing is b sed on a multi-level s ructur The proc s is detaied b pro r s ive s ag es

in a t op down a pro ch The degr e of a s raction de r ases b dri lng down the levels The n mbe

of a ai a le levels depen s on theproc s es an the conne t ed sub proc s es He e, the main proc s es

ar broken down int o seve al sublevels To r ach an a pro riat e degr e of a s raction, espe ial y for the

main planning fu ctions, five levels ar def ined These levels ar i lus rat ed in Figur 3 The notation

of the element within the proc s r pr sent their r spe tive model level in orde t o r ach a bett er

orientation w hie g oing through the desc iption of each proc s Ex cept for the ro t proc s A0at model

level 0, each proc s r fe s t o the model level ac ording t o the n mbe of n me ic digit in the notation

(e.g the proc s A2.2.1contains thr e n me ic digit an belongs t o the model level 3)

NOTE 1 Sy ta an semantic are used ac ording to the fu ctional model ing langua e ANSI/IE E 1 2 1

NOTE 2 A fu ctional model des rib s the fu ctions (e.g activities, actions, proces es, operations) of a syst em

(e.g prod ct design, prod ction plan ing, prod ction) an their relationships T e fu ctional model represents

what is done rather than how it is done T e content of the model represents al pos ible fu ctions of a system

For compan specif ic implementation not every fu ction ne ds t o b ap lied F nctional models such as activity

models are freq ently used in normative cont ext (se Biblio rap y)

Figure 3— Structure of the reference planning proces mo el

The conside ation an control ofthe complexity ar es ential for the develo ment of the r fe enc

planning proc s The model ing makes use of combining r cur ent functions an cons raint int o

a gr g t ed mod les As a r sult, clear s ructur d planning proc s es consis ing of input an output

data, control me hanism and methodical sup ort ha e be n modeled The eb b th, functions at the

int erfac ofthe r fe enc plan ing proc s an consoldations within the planning discipl nes ar

combined at the ro t level This a gr g tion leads t o a significant inc ease of clarity of desc iption an

ena les a prioritiz d view for the use at the given cor disciplne The desc iption of the detaied model

levels folows the same t op down a pro ch Firs the level with the highes degr e of a s raction wi l

be desc ibed (r fe r d t o as level 0), folowing a desc iption of the level consis ing of themain fu ction

of the r fe enc plan ing proc s In r fe enc t o this b sis eve y pos ible charact eris ic planning

element wi be conse utively desc ibed To ensur a consist ent desc iption of the dife ent model levels

the detaied desc iption of the levels contains the folowing s ructur :

— the gra hical a s ract of the detaied proc s activities using s ructur d analy sis an design

t ech iq e ( SADT)notation;

— the t extual desc iption of the proc s activities;

— the ad itional ex lanation of spe ific model detai s

4.1 Summar y ofthe proc es A 0 (level 1)

Figure 4 — Structure of the reference planning proces at model level 1

R elating t o the a s raction of the r fe enc plan ing proc s , the s arting point for the model ng of

the r fe enc plan ing proc s ar the cons raint de ived from the prod ction planning Beside

these cons raint seve al control fact ors imp ct the prod ction plan ing As pr viously shown in

Figur 2, the cons raint from highe levels ar separat ed int o dife ent q antities an ar pro ided

for the r fe enc plan ing proc s The prod ct s ructur (EBOM), information a out the raw p rt

an seve al plan ing r q ir ment ar firs level input de ived from the prod ction plan ing The

control functions ar r pr sent ed b the framework con itions Methodical sup ort is pro ided for

eve y proc s Al information an proc s es combined cons itut e the output of the r fe enc planning

proc s r pr sent ed b the work sched le Eve y it eration of the r fe enc plan ing proc s leadst o an

updat ed ve sion of the work sched le an in the en t o the las r leased work sched le These it erations

ar also r pr sent ed in the detai ed s ructur of the r fe enc plan ing proc s as shown in Figur 4

Due t o the t op down a pro ch of themodel the complexity of the conside ed proc s activities inc eases

for eve y level To han le this complexity, the r fe enc proc s for prod ction plan ing is divided int o

thr e main fu ctions, desc ibed b the folowing:

— cons raint within the prod ct l fe cycle;

— cor planning discipl nes;

— as ociat ed planning fu ctions

The cons raint within the prod ct l fe cycle pro ide information for dife ent planning discipl nes an

as ociat ed planning fu ctionsthrough seve al levelsof the model The cons raint o e at e asa control

fu ction for othe proc s es d ring the prod ct l fe cycle The cons raint afe t eve y element in eve y

level of the model (t op down a pro ch) Through the desc ibed s ructur the chang es caused b the

de ision making fu ction can be pr cisely a pled The cons raint pro ide plan ing r q ir ment as

input information for the cor plan ing discipl nes, as wel as control input for the as ociat ed planning

fu ctions A dditional information ne ded in the detaied model levels that ar not g ene at ed b the

r maining plan ing disciplnesis pro ided b othe r q ir ment

The cor plan ing disciplnes r pr sent the conside ed plan ing fu ction d ring prod ction plan ing

They r c ive the prod ction information as controled b the cons raint an g ene at e the planning

data output for the s art of prod ction The cor disciplnes can contain v rious plan ing functions In

the prod ction plan ing f ield it is p s iblet o dis inguish betwe n seve al ty es of plan ing disciplnes

The mos imp rtant, fu damental plan ing disciplnes ar identified an detaied in the s ructur of

the r fe enc proc s ( e 4.2)

The cor disciplnes s rongly int eract with the as ociat ed plan ing fu ctions and their cons raint

from highe level The cons raint pro ide the ext ernal input an control paramet ers The int ernal

consol dation of the output from the r maining plan ing fu ctions is pe formed within the as ociat ed

planning fu ctions ( e A3 in Figur 4) The as ociat ed planning fu ctions ar a le t o r al z

o e ations l ke the combination of the develo ed plan ing conc pt d ring the dife ent st eps of

the prod ction plan ing or the r q es for a manag ement de ision Anothe es ential aspe t, w hich

is p rt of the as ociat ed plan ing function, is the prod ction proc s manag ement The Prod ction

proc s manag ement ru s p ralel t o prod ction If any chang es t o the plan ing r q ir ment or othe

cons raint ar ne es ary, the prod ction proc s manag ement is ca a le of trigg ering the it eration of

the pr lminary planning st eps t o w hich the chang es a ply t o

4.2 Summary of the pr oc es A 2 (level 2)

Figure 5 — Structure of the reference planning proces at model level 1

When desc ibing the prod ction plan ing it is sensible t o r s rict these t o the mos imp rtant,

fu damental plan ing disciplnes that can be fou d in many man facturing companies As shown in

Figur 5, these discipl nes ar :

— man facturing plan ing;

— as embly planning;

— lo is ics planning;

— layout planning

Each disciplne wi l be s ructur d b the degr e of maturity of the planning The eb the man facturing,

as embly, lo is ics an layout planning wi l be broken down int o thr esub hases:

Manufacturing planning (A2.1) comprises al the measur s taken in orde t o design a man facturing

sy st em, as wel as the sele tion of the ne es ary man facturing r sour es an proc s es When

pe forming man facturing planning, it is p rticularly imp rtant t o take ac ount depen encies with the

r maining plan ing disciplnessuch as as embly, lo is ics an layout plan ing

As embly planning (A2.2) defines the st eps inv lved in the as embly of v rious in ivid al part t o

c eat e an en prod ct an det ermines the ne es ary eq ipment (e.g lf ing c anes, ro ot arms) This

planning activity, w hich also inclu es the draf design of the as embly sy st ems, is fr q ently pe formed

b the dep rtment w hich is r sp nsible for work pr paration

The aim of logistic planning (A2.3) is t o ensur that the raw mat erials an semi-f inished prod ct ,

as embl es, subas embles or fast ening element such as sc ew s ar a ai a le at the right plac at the

right time and in the cor e t, e onomical y o timiz d q antities

As the las of the four focused plan ing discipl nes, lay ut planning (A2.4 ) ensur s that o e ating

r sour es ar locat ed o timal y in the prod ction ar a (e.g the proc s es in an as embly l ne or

in an as embly c l can run as efficiently as p s ible) To pe form this task, it is ve y imp rtant that

the k ow ledg e an ex e ienc de ived from the othe plan ing discipl nes is a ai a le d ring layout

planning

NOTE F or more detailed information a out the core plan ing dis iplines,se An e B

4.2.1 Summary of the proc es A 2.1 (level 3)

Figure 6 — Structure of the manufacturing planning at mo el level 3

On this level ( hown in Figur 6) the depen ency betwe n the as embly an the man facturing

planning is shown The output from the as embly plan ing is l n ed with the rough plan ing d ring

man facturing plan ing This con e tion pro ides the p s ibi ty for int eraction between the two

planning discipl nes During the prod ction plan ing, each planning discipl ne can pro r s at dife ent

times an scales

The prod ction data input for the man facturing plan ing, pro ided b the cons raint from highe

level, ar used in the conc pt plan ing phase (A2.1.1) W ith the as is anc of the highe level cons raint

the f irs conc pt data for the man facturing planning is c eat ed These ar es ential y input t o g ene at e

the man facturing conc pt (A2.1.2) The lnking input for the rough man facturing plan ing ar the

ne es ary information ne ded t o co rdinat e the dife ent plan ing disciplnes W ith the as is anc

of the int erdisciplnary consoldation ( e 4.3) the r q est ed information is pro ided for the detaied

man facturing plan ing (A2.1.3) This is the las phase of the man facturing plan ing and the proc s

w he e the es ential man facturing information such as the man facturing times, r sour es an cos s

is detaied

4.2.1.1 Summar y of the pr oc es A 2.1.1 (level 4)

Figure 7 — Structure of the co cept planning during manufacturing planning at model level 4

The main task of conc pt plan ing d ring man facturing plan ing (as shown in Figur 7) is t o cole t

the ne es ary information pro ided b pr lminary plan ing activities an pr par it in a useful

an consoldat ed form t o c eat e f irs man facturing planning conc pt Dife ent paramet ers, e.g

framework con itions, s rat egic de isions or contin ous impro ement of prod ction environment,

afe t man facturing plan ing at his early s ag e d ring the prod ct l fe cycle (PL )

The man facturing plan ing develo s conc ptual designs an defines information a out the

prod ct s ructur , raw p rt , planned n mbe of pie es, shif models an r sour es (A2.1.1.1) Aft er

the pr parat ory work has be n complet ed, the man facturing plan ing can be pe formed a ains

dife ent sc narios To do this, the mat erial is alocat ed in a firs st ep an an ext en ed E OM inclu ing

information a out pur hased p rt is c eat ed The mat erial v lumes an alocations ar as ociat ed

t o the man facturing proc s activity r g rding the ne es ary r sour es w hich ar pro ided b the

cons raint from highe level An ev luation of the cont ent an time r q ir d for the v rious working

o e ations is b sed on comp risons, the shif model and ex e t k ow ledg e This makes it p s ible t o

es imat e r q ir ment in t erms of emplo e s, machines an work s ations as a fu ction of the plan ed

n mbe of pie es (A2.1.1.2) S ve al man facturing plan ing conc pt wi l be develo ed an comp r d

without any gr at inves ment in t erms of time an cos on the b sis of thisplanning s ag e, w hich contains

only a ve y low level of detai (A2.1.1.3) Es imat ed r lative man facturing cos s ar c eat ed b making

use of the es imat ed man facturing time pe prod ct an an ext en ed man facturing o e ation l s

This l s contains ad itional information b sed on comparisons an es imations with othe proje t

(A2.1.1.4 ) The develo ed man facturing conc pt ma dife for ex mple in t erms of used seq enc s

an / r inno ative t ech olo ies A man facturing cos ranking w hich ranks the dife ent conc pt using

their r lative cos s buids the b sis for cho sing the pr fe r d man facturing plan (A2.1.1.5)

S veral man facturing conc pt , the man facturing proc s gra h, a man facturing cos ran ing an

the es imat ed man facturing time for each prod ct r pr sent the final r sult of conc pt plan ing It is

c eat ed b this phase an han ed o e t o the rough plan ing phase of man facturing planning

4.2.1.2 Summary of the proc es A 2.1.2 (level 4)

Figure 8 — Structure of the rough planning during manufacturing planning at model level 4

The rough planning as shown in Figur 8 takes seve al man facturing plan ing conc pt an works

out the detaist o c eat e man facturing conc pt r ady t o be f inal z d d ring detaied planning A t this

s ag e of man facturing planning, simiar t o the conc pt plan ing, dife ent plan ing r q ir ment

oc ur These planning r q ir ment , e.g procur ment an p rt man facturing s rat egies, pro isioning

sc narios, t og ethe with q alty r q ir ment an q al ty as uranc o lg tions, ha e an imp ct on the

planning activities

W ithin the f irs proc s activities, seve al plan ing conc pt ar adjust ed t o new r q ir ment

(A2.1.2.1) Although it is p s ible, that this adjus ment wi not be ne es ary Depen ing on the planning

tasks, e.g a new an ad itional prod ct de iv t e, the man facturing planning conc pt ne d t o be

adjust ed During the rough planning the man facturing proc s st eps with the cor esp nding work

cont ent ar detaied As key plan ing information the man facturing time an cos ar spe if ied

Based on the given es imations from the rough planning the man facturing proc s time is det ermined,

ve ified an subseq ently used in work sched les (A2.1.2.2) A t this point the man facturing proc s

time has r ached a level of detai that a calculation of t ech olo y r lat ed ca acity r q ir ment

is p s ible (A2.1.2.3) The b sis for this is the man facturing proc s time, the man facturing

ar g ene at ed (A2.1.2.5) In some cases for ins anc chang es of prod ct or prod ction r q ir ment

furthe develo ment of man facturing conc pt can be ne es ary (A2.1.2.6) The imp ct of those

chang es afe t dife ent plan ing discipl nes as wel as proc s activities along the PL , e.g conc pt

an man facturing A chang e r q es trigg er d b the rough planning wi l lead t o a de ision from the

highe levels folowing a chang e orde (modif ication)

NOTE F or more detailed information a out he interdis iplinary consolidation of plan ing information, se

An e A

4.2.1.3 Summar y of the pr oc es A 2.1.3 (level 4)

Figure 9 — Structure of the detaied planning during manufacturing planning at model level 4

During detaied plan ing the o e al proc s es ar def ined in gr at er detai an broken down int o

proc s activities as shown in Figur 9 The mos imp rtant aspe t of this o e ation is det ermining

the ve if ia le nominal proc s times in the man facturing workflow s A t proc s activity level, this is

p s ible b means of IT as ist ed proc s simulations that r sult in a mor pr cise identif ication of the

time v lues an that can pro ide the u de lying data for the f inal man facturing plan

Due t o the desc iption of the in ivid al proc s es, this plan ing phase also makes it p s ible t o detai

in ivid al o e ating r sour es an eq ipment and g ene at es the spe if ied man facturing times

(A2.1.3.1 t o A2.1.3.3) This plan ing comprises the clear alocation of machines, faci ities an eq ipment

t o the def ined proc s es A man facturing planning man facturing bi of mat erials (MBOM) input is

develo ed, consis ing of the aut omation information, the detai ed lnking conc pt, the man facturing

times an r sour es W ithin this MBOM input, the g ene at ed output of the detaied man facturing

planning is combined an han ed o e t o the as ociat ed plan ing functions (A2.1.3.4 ) If al MBOM

input from the cor planning disciplnes ar consol dat ed, the work sched le can be g ene at ed On

the b sis of the g ene at ed data and the f irs man facturing cos calculation, it is p s ible t o develo

detaied pr lminary calculations of the for cas prod ction cos s (A2.1.3.5) In p rticular, these

calculations take ac ou t of the individ al a aia i ty of the planned man facturing r sour es,

maint enanc int erv ls an r p ir times, as wel as the setup and idle times of machine y an eq ipment

The uti zation an ada ta i ity of man facturing r sour es t o fluctuations in ca acity ma oc ur in

dife ent unit v lume sc narios or sc narios inv lving chang es t o the prod ct mix These also ne d t o

be taken int o ac ou t d ring detai ed man facturing plan ing Man facturing plans, o e ating an

t es ing ins ructions or othe document that ar r lev nt for man facturing, ne d t o be conside ed It

is furthe ela orat ed t o the level of sy st em controle s, the c eation of aut omation information such as

comput eriz d n me ical control (CNC) pro rammes an t ool set ings (A2.1.3.6) Finaly the detaied

planning def ines the man facturing work ins ructions w hich ar main input for the r lease of the work

sched les (A2.1.3.7) The digital ve if ication of e g onomic design c it eria is also p s ible in the f ield

of man facturing plan ing, for ins anc t o ensur that the con uct of maint enanc or r p ir work is

p s ibleor t o make sur that man facturing sy st emsp se no risk t o h man o e at ors (A2.1.3.8)

Spe if ied man facturing times, cos s, r sour es, a detaied lnking conc pt an an e g onomic v ldation

ar the f inal r sult of the detaied planning d ring man facturing planning Ne es ary information

wi be pro ided for the as ociat ed plan ing fu ction t o g ene at e an MBOM an t o r lease the f irs work

sched le

4.2.2 Summary of the proc es A 2.2(level 3)

Figure 1 — Structure of the as embly planning at model level 3

Ideal as embly plan ing r q ir s v rious ty es of information Displa ing this high volume of

information can lead t o confusion In orde t o ke p the focus on the proc s activity, only the main

int erfac s between as embly plan ing an design as wel as prod ction ar conside ed, as shown in

proc s es pro ides the p s ibi ty of int eraction betwe n them Both the man facturing planning an

the as embly plan ing ne d the out come de iving from the highe levels W ith the as is anc of the

as ociat ed plan ing fu ctions ( e 4.3) the r q est ed information is pro ided for the detaied as embly

planning (A2.2.3) This is the las phase of the as embly planning an the proc s in w hich the es ential

as embly information is detaied Information w hich is ne ded t o fulfil the cons raint from highe level

(e.g the cos s an the e g onomic v l dation)is combined with the information from the man facturing

planning

Contin ously used data such as the as embly times an the detaied ln ing conc pt ar pro ided b

as embly plan ing for the r maining cor discipl nes Consoldat ed information (e.g the MBOM input)

w hich wi l be used within the as ociat ed plan ing functions is also g ene at ed

4.2.2.1 Summar y of the pr oc es A 2.2.1 (level 4)

Figure 1 — Structure of the co cept planning during as embly planning at mo el level 4

Analo t o the man facturing disciplne the conc pt planning d ring as embly plan ing (as shown in

Figur 1 ) ne ds conne tions betwe n the planning functions t o cole t the ne es ary information

pro ided b pr lminary plan ing activities an pr p r it in a useful and consoldat ed form t o c eat e

firs as embly planning conc pt

On the one han , the input v ria les for as embly plan ing consis of information from the design

department An ex mple is the data consol dat ed within an EBOM (A2.2.1.1) On the othe han , the

framework data for the mast er prod ction sched le ne d t o be taken int o ac ou t d ring the conc pt

planning phase (A2.2.1.2) Ex mples ar the plan ed n mbe of pie es, the shif model an the

r sour es an t ech olo ies a aia le in the comp ny During conc pt plan ing, the work cont ent for

prod ction is also subdivided int o disc et e, self-contained proc s activity This subdivision pe mit

the subseq ent use of methods such as the pr c denc gra h method an simiar a pro ches The

EBOM (or the r lev nt BOM) is subdivided int o meaningful u it in the f irs st ep In the se on st ep

rough proc s st eps ar def ined Initial y they oft en take the form of a ls (as embly o e ation ls )

By combining the planned n mbe of pie es with the shif models the es imat ed as embly time pe

prod ct ma be calculat ed Aft er thisst ep is complet ed, the f irs , rough pr c denc gra h is develo ed

The as embly o e ation ls an es imat ed as embly time pe prod ct ar used for this st ep (A2.2.1.3)

The firs rough lne conc pt , w hich alr ady contain a rough v lue for the n mbe of work s ations an

employees ar r q ir d Their develo ment r pr sent the fourth proc s activity of as embly planning

in the conc pt planning phase (A2.2.1.4 ) The next st ep ist o g ene at e a cos es imat e (A2.2.1.5) F or this,

it is ne es ary t o take ac ount of the v rious pr viously develo ed conc pt , the es imat ed as embly

time pe prod ct an the ext en ed as embly o e ation l s This contains ad itional information b sed

on comp risons an es imations with othe proje t The fact that the cos es imation is a fix ed p rt

of the conc pt planning phase enhanc s the u de s an ing of cos r lat ed aspe t for the planne an

pe mit theong oing monit oring of as embly cos s The cos ing o e ation makes the fr q ently o aq e

cos s ructur of the prod ct clear t o the planne , an thefirs r lative cos es imat e can be pe formed

on the b sis of pas v lues The final st ep of the conc pt planning consis s of de iding between the

several as embly plan ing conc pt (A2.2.1.6) The pr viously prod c d cos ran ing pro ides a g ood

b sis w hen making this de ision

S veral as embly conc pt , the pr c denc gra h, as embly cos ranking an the es imat ed as embly

time for each prod ct r pr sent the final r sult of conc pt plan ing It is c eat ed b this phase an

han ed o e t o therough planning phase of as embly plan ing

4.2.2.2 Summary of the proc es A 2.2.2 (level 4)

Figure 12 — Structure of the ro gh planning during as embly planning at model level 4