Tiêu chuẩn iso 03070 2 2016

This p rt of ISO 3 7 conc rns machines ha ing mo ement of the column on the bed X-a is, ve tical mo ement of the spin le head on the column Y-a is, a ial mo ement of the ram Z-a is, a ia

Spindle heads

Refer to Figure 2 for examples of various head types, with related nomenclature provided in Table 2 The different headstock configurations include a headstock for boring and milling, a headstock with a facing head, and a headstock with a ram For detailed descriptions of elements 1 to 5, please consult Table 2.

Figure 2 ref English French Russian

1 boring spindle broche d’alésage расточный шпиндель

2 milling spindle broche de fraisage фрезерный шпиндель

3 facing head plateau à surfacer планшайба

4 headstock with facing head bélier avec plateau à surfacer шпиндельная бабка с планшайбой

5 ram coulant подвижный корпус шпинделя

This note indicates that, alongside the terms in the three ISO official languages, Table C.2 offers equivalent terms in Italian and Persian, published by the respective national bodies (UNI for Italy and ISIRI for Iran) for informational purposes Only the terms in the official ISO languages are recognized as official ISO terms.

Tables

In most cases, this type of machines is provided with both fixed tables and movable tables with linear and rotary movements.

The rotary movement of the table serves multiple essential functions, including precise angular positioning of the workpiece, enabling accurate setup for machining processes It also functions as a circular work feed during milling operations, allowing smooth and consistent material removal Additionally, the rotary motion facilitates circular cutting movements for turning operations, making it a versatile component in various machining tasks.

Measurement units

According to ISO 3070, all linear dimensions and deviations are specified in millimeters, ensuring clear and consistent measurements Angular dimensions are expressed in degrees, with angular deviations typically given as ratios; however, microradians or arcseconds may be used when greater precision is needed For accurate conversion of units related to angular deviations or tolerances, the standardized conversion expressions should be followed.

Testing sequence

The sequence of tests outlined in ISO 3070 does not specify a required order for practical testing To facilitate easier instrument mounting and gauging, tests can be performed in any sequence, providing flexibility in testing protocols.

It is nevertheless recalled that angular deviations affect straightness measurements; therefore, best practice would suggest to perform tests related to angular error motions prior to straightness measurements.

Tests to be performed

When testing a machine, it may not be necessary or feasible to perform all tests outlined in ISO 3070 For acceptance testing, users should collaborate with the supplier or manufacturer to select relevant tests focusing on specific components or machine properties ISO 230-1:2012, Annex A offers guidance on choosing primary and secondary axes and associated tests, which must be explicitly specified when placing an order Merely referencing ISO 3070 for acceptance testing without detailing the required tests or agreeing on costs is not legally binding for either party.

Measuring instruments

Measuring instruments indicated in the tests described in the following subclauses are examples only Other instruments capable of measuring the same quantities and having the same, or a smaller,

A "straightedge" can refer to various types of straightness reference tools, including granite, ceramic, steel, or cast iron straightedges, as well as one arm of a square, a generating line on a cylinder square, or a straight path on a reference cube It may also be a specially manufactured artifact designed to fit into T-slots or other reference systems, ensuring precise measurements and alignments in engineering and manufacturing processes.

When referring to a "square," it can denote various types of squareness reference artifacts, including granite, ceramic, steel, or cast iron squares, as well as cylinder squares and reference cubes Additionally, a "square" may also refer to specialized, dedicated artifacts designed for specific measuring or calibration purposes.

A "3D probe" consists of three displacement sensors housed in a dedicated nest, designed to accurately measure changes in the position of a precision sphere's center This advanced measurement tool is used to monitor the sphere's positional shifts when the nest and the sphere are moved together along a programmed tool path By capturing precise 3D displacement data, the 3D probe enhances measurement accuracy and process reliability in precision machining and calibration applications.

Software compensation

When built-in software facilities are available for compensating geometric, positioning, contouring, and thermal deviations, their use during testing should be agreed upon between the manufacturer or supplier and the user, considering the machine tool’s intended application It is essential to specify whether the machine is designed to operate with or without software compensation for geometric errors If software compensation is employed, this must be explicitly stated in the test report to ensure clarity and compliance with testing standards.

It shall be noted that when software compensation is used, some machine tool axes cannot be locked for test purposes.

Valuable information on numerical compensation of geometric errors can be gathered in ISO/TR 16907.

Minimum tolerance

Manufacturers and users can mutually agree on acceptable tolerance levels for measurements that differ from those specified in the standards It’s important to note that the minimum permissible tolerance is established at 0.005 mm This flexibility allows for practical adjustments while maintaining quality standards.

Straightness and angular deviations of linear axes

Checking of the straightness of the column movement (X-axis): a) in the vertical XY plane, E YX ; b) in the horizontal ZX plane, E ZX

Diagram for a) and b) for b) only

Tolerance for measuring length up to: Measured deviations

For measuring lengths over 20 000, the tolerance shall be agreed upon between manufacturer/supplier and user.

Optical methods and, for b) only, microscope and taut wire.

Based on ISO 230-1:2012 standards, specifically sections 8.2.2.1 and 8.2.2.3 a), taut wire methods are not recommended due to wire sag affecting measurement accuracy Instead, the alignment telescope should be securely fixed on the work-holding table, aligned so that the optical beam is parallel to the X-axis movement of the column Any deviations from parallelism must be carefully considered during the measurement process to ensure precise results.

Securely mount the telescope target on the spindle if it can be locked, or attach it to the spindle head if locking is not possible Similarly, fix the microscope on the spindle if it can be locked; otherwise, attach it to the spindle head to ensure stability and precision during use.

For a) and b): Measurements shall be carried out on at least six positions along the travel, with equally spaced steps not

Checking of the angular deviation of the column movement (X-axis): a) in the XY plane, E CX (pitch); b) in the YZ plane, E AX (roll); c) in the ZX plane, E BX (yaw).

Tolerance Measured deviations for a), b) and c):

For measurements exceeding 4,000 units, the acceptable deviation is 0.06 per 1,000 The local tolerance is set at 0.02 per 1,000 for any measuring length of 500 units Suitable measuring instruments include precision levels, laser interferometers, or other optical methods for angular deviation measurement, depending on the specific application and required accuracy.

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 3.4.16 and 8.4

To ensure accurate measurements, the mirror or level must be placed on the ram For precise alignment, orient the E CX (pitch) along the X-axis using vertical optical instruments The E AX (roll) should be positioned along the Z-axis to maintain proper calibration Additionally, set the E BX (yaw) with the optical instruments aligned horizontally to achieve correct directional measurement Proper placement and alignment of these levels are essential for reliable performance in optical and measurement tasks.

When using levels, place a reference level on the fixed table and position the ram in the middle of the Z-axis travel range Conduct preliminary movements of the column with the reference level in different positions to verify if X-axis motion causes any angular displacement of the fixed table or rotary table beds If angular movement occurs, perform differential measurements of these deviations and document the findings accordingly.

For a), b) and c): Measurements shall be carried out on at least six positions along the travel, with equally spaced steps not exceeding 500.

Checking of the straightness of the ram movement (Z-axis): a) in the vertical YZ plane, EYZ; b) in the horizontal ZX-plane, E XZ

Tolerance for measuring lengths up to: Measured deviations a) b)

Local tolerance: 0,006 for any measuring length of 300.

For measuring lengths over 2 000, the tolerance shall be agreed upon between manufacturer/supplier and user.

Dial gauge and straightedge with gauge blocks or optical methods.

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 8.2.2.1 and 8.2.2.3

Set a straightedge on the table, parallel to the ram movement (Z-axis) for a) vertically and b) horizontally, or the lack of parallelism shall be considered in the measurement.

For accurate measurements, if the spindle can be locked, the dial gauge should be mounted directly on it When the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge must be positioned on the ram face Ensuring the stylus is perpendicular to the reference face of the straightedge is essential for precise readings.

Measurements shall be carried out on at least six positions along the travel, in both direction of motion, with equally spaced steps not exceeding 300.

Measurement location shall be reported.

The angular deviation of the ram movement along the Z-axis is assessed across three planes: in the vertical YZ plane, the pitch angle (E AZ) is measured; in the vertical XY plane, the roll angle (E CZ) is evaluated; and in the horizontal ZX plane, the yaw angle (E BZ) is determined This comprehensive analysis ensures precise alignment and optimal performance of the machinery.

Tolerance for measuring lengths up to: Measured deviations

1 000 1 500 2 000 a) for a), E AZ : 0,06/1 000 0,08/1 000 0,10/1 000 b) for b), E CZ and c), E BZ : 0,04/1 000 0,05/1 000 0,06/1 000 c)

Measuring instruments a) Precision level, laser interferometer or other optical angular deviation measuring instruments. b) Precision level. c) Laser interferometers or other optical angular deviation measuring instruments.

The measuring level should be positioned on the ram, with the mirror attached to the ram face Measurements include E AZ in the Z-axis direction, using optical instruments set vertically; E CZ in the X-axis direction; and E BZ with optical instruments aligned horizontally Proper placement ensures accurate calibration and precise measurement along all relevant axes.

When using levels, a reference level must be placed on the fixed or rotary table to verify that Z-axis movement does not induce angular shifts in any fixed components on the workpiece side If angular deviations are detected, differential measurements should be performed, and these findings must be documented to ensure precise alignment and machine accuracy.

For a), b) and c): Measurements shall be carried out on at least six positions along the travel, with equally spaced steps.

The G5 object involves checking the straightness of the spindle head movement along the Y-axis This includes verifying its accuracy in the vertical YZ plane parallel to the spindle axis (E ZY) and in the vertical XY plane perpendicular to the spindle axis (E XY), ensuring precise and reliable machine performance.

Tolerance for measuring lengths up to: Measured deviations a) b)

Microscope and taut wire or optical methods.

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 8.3, 8.2.2.2 or 8.2.2.3

The ram (Z-axis) shall be at mid travel with the spindle retracted.

The taut wire shall be tightened between the fixed table and another fixed part independent from the machine column.

When the spindle can be locked, the microscope or alignment telescope target can be securely mounted directly on it for precise measurements However, if the spindle cannot be locked, it is recommended to position the microscope or target on the ram face to ensure accurate alignment Proper placement based on spindle lock capability is essential for maintaining measurement accuracy during equipment setup.

Measurement location shall be reported.

The angular deviations of the spindle head movement are checked in three key planes: in the vertical YZ plane parallel to the spindle axis (E AY), in the vertical XY plane perpendicular to the spindle axis (E CY), and in the horizontal ZX plane representing roll (E BY) Monitoring these deviations ensures precise alignment and optimal performance of the spindle system Proper assessment of these angular deviations is crucial for maintaining machining accuracy and preventing equipment wear Regular testing of the Y-axis spindle head movement in these planes helps detect misalignments and improve overall machine reliability.

Tolerance for measuring lengths up to: Measured deviations a) b) c)

For measuring lengths over 6 000, the tolerance shall be agreed upon between manufacturer/supplier and user.

For a) and b): Precision level or optical angular deviation measuring instruments.

For c): Surface plate, cylindrical square, level and dial gauge or taut wire and microscope or sweeping alignment laser.

For a), b) and c): Measurements shall be carried out on at least six positions along the travel, with equally spaced steps not exceeding 500.

To ensure accurate alignment, place a level on the spindle head along the Z-axis for measurement a) and along the X-axis for measurement b), positioning the reference level on the work holding table in the same direction as the measuring level It is essential to verify that Y-axis motion does not induce angular deviations in fixed components on the workpiece side by performing preliminary Y-axis movements with both levels, and conducting differential measurements if any angular movement is detected For measurement c), assess the E ZY straightness deviation of the Y-axis using an instrument mounted on a special arm offset horizontally by d from the spindle axis, employing methods such as a dial gauge on a cylindrical square, a microscope targeting a taut wire, or a laser-based optical XY plane Measurements are to be repeated on the opposite side of the spindle by rotating the special arm and moving the X-axis by approximately 2d to evaluate X-axis roll deviations For laser measurements, X-axis movement is unnecessary All readings should be recorded at consistent heights, and the algebraic difference between paired measurements should be calculated, with the maximum and minimum differences used to determine the angular deviation by dividing their difference by 2d.

NOTE For machine tools not compensated by software, Y-axis roll can also be measured performing two E XY measurements with a Z-axis offset.

Squareness and parallelism between linear axes

Checking of the squareness between the spindle head movement (Y-axis) and the column movement (X-axis), EC(0X)Y.

Square, straightedge, adjustable blocks and dial gauge.

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 10.3.2

To ensure accurate measurements, place a straightedge on the table aligned parallel to the X-axis (column movement) using adjustable blocks If any lack of parallelism is detected, account for it during measurement Afterwards, position a square against the straightedge to verify alignment and maintain measurement precision.

When measuring with a dial gauge, it is essential to consider whether the spindle can be locked If the spindle can be securely locked, the dial gauge should be mounted directly on it for accurate readings Conversely, if the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge must be positioned on the ram face to ensure measurement precision Proper placement of the dial gauge, based on spindle lockability, is crucial for reliable and precise measurements.

To accurately measure the square surface, apply the dial gauge’s stylus along the X-direction Position the Y-axis near one end of the square, then zero the dial gauge to ensure precise readings.

To assess squareness error accurately, move the Y-axis toward the opposite end of the square surface and record the reading The measured squareness error, EC(0X)Y, is calculated as the ratio of this reading to the traveled distance along the Y-axis.

Checking of the squareness between the spindle head movement (Y-axis) and the ram movement (Z-axis), EA(0Z)Y or EA(0Y)Z.

To ensure accurate measurements, position a straightedge on the table parallel to the ram movement (Z-axis) using adjustable blocks If perfect parallelism is not achievable, account for any misalignment during measurement Finally, place a square on the straightedge to verify proper alignment and ensure precise results.

When measuring with a dial gauge, it is essential to mount it correctly based on the spindle's locking capability If the spindle can be locked, the dial gauge should be mounted directly on the spindle for accurate readings However, if the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge must be placed on the ram face to ensure precise measurement Proper mounting position is crucial for achieving reliable measurement results.

To measure in the Z-direction, apply the stylus of the dial gauge to the square Position the Y-axis near one end of the square surface and set the dial gauge to zero for accurate measurement.

Move the Y-axis to measure close to the other end of the square surface and note the reading.

The measured squareness error, E A(0Z)Y , is the ratio between the reading and the travelled distance along the Y-axis.

To ensure accurate measurements, align the straightedge so that the vertical arm of a square placed on it is parallel to the spindle head movement along the Y-axis, or assess any lack of parallelism Use the dial gauge's stylus to measure along the straightedge in the Y-direction, retract the Z-axis, and reset the dial gauge to zero to obtain precise readings.

Move the Z-axis of the desired distance and note the reading.

The measured squareness error, EA(0Y)Z, is the ratio between the reading and the travelled distance along the Z-axis.

Checking of the squareness between the ram movement (Z-axis) and the column movement (X-axis),

Set a square on the table and align one side parallel to the column movement (X-axis) or the lack of parallelism shall be considered in the measurement.

To ensure accurate measurements with a dial gauge, it should be mounted on the spindle if the spindle can be locked In cases where the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge must be positioned on the ram face Proper placement is essential for precise readings during machining operations.

Position the dial gauge's stylus on the square to measure along the X-direction Set the Z-axis close to one end of the square surface and zero the dial gauge for accurate measurement.

To measure squareness error, move the Z-axis close to the opposite end of the square surface and record the reading The measured squareness error, EB(0X)Z, is calculated as the ratio between this reading and the distance traveled along the Z-axis.

Checking of the parallelism between the boring spindle axial movement (W-axis) and the ram movement (Z-axis), EA(0Z)W in the YZ plane.

For an extension of the spindle equal to the following:

6D: -0,06 (downwards). where D is the diameter of the boring spindle.

The extension of the spindle is limited to six times the spindle diameter and shall not exceed 900.

The tolerance is limited to spindle diameter of 150 When the spindle diameter is over 150, the tolerance shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer/supplier and the user.

Straightedge, adjustable blocks and dial gauge.

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 12.3.2.3 and 10.3.2

To measure spindle straightness, place a straightedge vertically on the table within a plane containing the spindle axis, ensuring it is parallel to the ram movement (Z-axis); any lack of parallelism should be considered during measurement Lock the spindle rotation and use a dial gauge stylus to contact the straightedge surface, then zero the dial gauge Extend the boring spindle (W-axis) to the required length and record the dial gauge reading The parallelism error, EA(0Z)W, is calculated as the ratio of the dial gauge reading to the travel distance along the W-axis.

Object G10b Checking of the parallelism between the boring spindle axial movement (W-axis) and the ram movement (Z-axis), EB(0Z)W, in the ZX plane.

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 12.3.2.3 and 10.3.2

Place a straightedge on the table horizontally and adjust it parallel to the ram movement (Z-axis) or the lack of parallelism shall be considered in the measurement.

To minimize the impact of W-axis roll on E B(0Z)W measurements, it is crucial to keep the measurement trajectory on the straightedge as close as possible to a horizontal plane aligned with the spindle axis Ensuring a level trajectory reduces measurement errors caused by axis roll, leading to more accurate results Maintaining proper alignment of the measurement path allows for consistent and reliable E B(0Z)W readings, optimizing measurement precision.

Lock the spindle rotation before measurement Use a dial gauge to touch the surface of the straightedge and zero it Extend the spindle to the specified length and record the dial gauge reading The parallelism error, EB(0Z)W, is calculated as the ratio of the dial gauge reading to the traveled distance along the W-axis, ensuring precise alignment and accuracy in machine tool calibration.

Fixed table independent of the machine

Checking of the flatness of the fixed table surface.

Tolerance for length of the longest side of the table up to: Measured deviation

For table lengths over 20 000, the tolerance shall be agreed upon between manufacturer/supplier and user.

Precision level or optical methods.

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 12.2.4 and 12.2.5

Measurements shall be carried out at a number of positions equally spaced with measuring distance, d, not exceeding 1/10 of the longest side of the table.

NOTE Flatness measurements can also be performed by measurements along diagonals (see

Checking of parallelism between the reference T-slot, or any other reference surface of the fixed table, and the column movement (X-axis).

For a measurement distance of:

Dial gauge and cross-square.

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 12.3.2.5.2

For accurate measurements, the dial gauge should be mounted on the spindle if it can be locked, ensuring stability during testing However, if the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge must be positioned on the ram face to obtain precise readings Proper placement of the dial gauge is essential for reliable measurement results in machining processes.

Measurements shall be carried out at a number of positions equally spaced at steps not exceeding 1/10 of the longest side of the table.

To ensure accurate measurements, traverse the X-axis from one position to the next without contact between the stylus and the reference surface At each measurement point, either lower the Y-axis to make contact with the reference surface using the dial gauge or insert the cross-square between the stylus and the table surface, maintaining proper measurement contact.

The parallelism error is the difference between the maximum and the minimum reading.

Checking of parallelism between the fixed table surface and the column movement (X-axis).

O ver a table length of: 0,54 (max 0,3)

Dial gauge and gauge block or optical method.

When the spindle can be locked, a dial gauge can be mounted directly on it for precise measurements However, if the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge should be positioned on the ram face to ensure accurate readings Proper placement of the dial gauge is essential for reliable machining measurements and optimal tool setup.

The ram shall be positioned at mid-travel.

Prior to the measurement, each measurement spot may be manually smoothed by an abrasive stone, in order to minimize small inaccuracy of the table surface.

To ensure accurate measurements along the X-axis, carefully traverse from one measurement point to the next without making contact between the stylus and the table surface At each position, insert a gauge block between the stylus and the table surface, then record the reading This method guarantees precise data collection for surface comparisons and dimensional accuracy.

Checking of parallelism between the surface of the fixed table and the ram movement (Z-axis).

0,07 over a measuring length of 1 000 Measuring instruments

For accurate measurements, the dial gauge should be mounted on the spindle if it can be locked; this ensures stability during testing In cases where the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge must be positioned on the ram face to maintain precision Proper placement of the dial gauge is essential for reliable results in machining and calibration processes.

This test shall be carried out in at least three positions of the column (X-axis) along the bed (at 10 %,

50 % and 90 % of travel/table length).

To ensure accurate measurements, position the straightedge securely on the fixed table in a Z-axis direction parallel to the surface; then, traverse the ram across the measuring length and record the variations in readings Alternatively, precise table surface measurements can be obtained by directly using a dial gauge and gauge block without the straightedge.

Boring spindle

Checking of the boring spindle: a) run-out of the internal taper, spindle retracted:

1) close to the spindle gauge line;

2) at a distance of 300 from the spindle nose; b) run-out of the external diameter:

2) with the spindle extended 300; c) axial error, with the spindle retracted, E Z(C)

2) 0,02 0,03 0,04 for c) 0,01 0,015 0,02 where D is the diameter of the boring spindle.

For a) and b): dial gauge with test mandrel.

For c) dial gauge with flat-ended stylus and test sphere.

According to ISO 230-1:2012, section 12.5.2, the manufacturer or supplier must specify the magnitude and direction of the applied force, F When using preloaded bearings, no additional force needs to be applied, as the preload is already established Additionally, ISO 230-7:2015, section 5.4.4, emphasizes the importance of clearly defining the force parameters to ensure proper bearing performance and operational safety.

To ensure optimal machining accuracy, it is essential to check the parallelism between the spindle axis and the ram movement (Z-axis) This involves evaluating the alignment in the vertical YZ-plane through the measurement point EA(0Z)(C), and in the horizontal ZX-plane via the point EB(0Z)(C) Conducting these checks helps verify that the spindle rotation axis remains parallel to the ram movement, thereby maintaining precision during operations.

Test mandrel and dial gauge

Measurements are conducted by moving the Z-axis, utilizing the test mandrel mounted in the spindle nose for accuracy During this process, the boring spindle (W-axis) should be retracted to ensure precise measurement conditions.

To ensure accurate measurement, perform the measurement at the mean position of the spindle's run-out rotation, or alternatively, evaluate the average of measurements taken at two positions of the spindle rotation that are 180° apart.

The orientation of the parallelism deviation between the boring spindle axis and the Z-axis, in both planes, shall be noted.

Checking of squareness between the axis average line of the boring spindle axis and the column movement (X-axis), EB(0X)(C).

(1 000 is the distance between the two measuring points touched)

Dial gauge, special arm and straightedge.

The ram (Z-axis) shall be locked The spindle shall be retracted.

Set the straightedge horizontally on the fixed table and align it to the column movement (X-axis) or the lack of parallelism shall be considered in the measurement.

Set the dial gauge on the special arm mounted to the spindle Touch the surface of the straightedge with the dial gauge stylus and zero it.

Turn the boring spindle until the stylus touches the reference face of the straightedge again and note the reading.

The difference between the two readings divided by the distance between the two measuring points is the squareness error, E B(0X)(C)

The special arm shall be stiff enough so as to prevent any possible reading errors due to its opposite deflections in the two measurement positions.

The X-axis position and the Y-axis position of the test shall be recorded.

The value of the angle, α, being less than, equal to or greater than 90°, shall be noted.

Checking of squareness between the axis average line of the boring spindle axis and the spindle head movement (Y-axis), EA(0Y)(C).

(1 000 is the distance between the two measuring points touched)

Square, surface plate, adjustable blocks, dial gauge and special arm

Place a surface plate securely on the table, then position a cylindrical square onto the plate Adjust the surface plate until the cylindrical square is perfectly parallel to the spindle head movement along the Y-axis Use adjustable blocks to fine-tune the alignment, ensuring that any lack of parallelism is accurately measured for precise machining and quality control.

The spindle and the ram shall be retracted.

To accurately measure spindle alignment, set the dial gauge on the specially mounted arm attached to the spindle Position the dial gauge’s stylus against the square and zero the gauge Rotate the boring spindle until the stylus contacts the square again, then record the reading for precise alignment measurement.

The difference between the two readings divided by the distance between the two measuring points is the measured squareness error, E A(0Y)(C)

This test can be conducted without using the square by placing the dial gauge support on the table and touching a point on a specially fixed arm on the spindle with the stylus, which helps prevent deflection of the dial gauge arm and simplifies reading The spindle axis should then be rotated 180°, and the Y-axis moved to ensure the stylus contacts the same point on the arm However, this measurement may be affected by the EZY straightness error of the Y-axis, which should be considered for accurate results.

The special arm shall be stiff enough so as to prevent any possible reading errors due to its opposite deflections in the two measurement positions.

Milling spindle

Checking of the milling spindle nose: a) run-out of the external cylindrical centring surface; b) axial error, EZ(C); c) face run-out of the spindle nose (including axial error).

2) 0,01 0,015 0,02 for c) 0,02 0,03 0,04 where D is the diameter of the boring spindle.

Dial gauge [with flat-ended stylus for b)]

The manufacturer or supplier must specify both the magnitude and direction of the applied force, F, in accordance with ISO 230-1:2012, 12.5.2, and ISO 230-7:2015, 5.4.4 For preloaded bearings, no additional force application is necessary, ensuring proper installation and operation.

The distance A of the dial gauge c) from the spindle axis shall be as large as possible.

NOTE Test AR1 is a spindle test for evaluating error motions of the spindle axis of rotation.

The G20 object involves verifying the concentricity between the spindle's average axis line and the external cylindrical centering of tools or accessories on the ram, ensuring precise alignment Additionally, it includes checking the squareness between the support face of tools or accessories on the ram and the spindle's rotational axis, which is essential for accurate machining operations.

NOTE These checks are valid only if there is a circular locating surface on the ram.

(500 is the distance between the two measuring points touched)

Dial gauge and special arm

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012 a) ISO 230-1:2012, 12.3.4

Concentricity deviation is the half of the maximum difference of the readings. b) ISO 230-1:2012, 12.4.8

Rotary and movable table

Checking of straightness of the table slide movement (R’-axis): a) in the vertical YZ plane, E YR ; b) in the horizontal ZX plane, EXR.

Tolerance Measured deviations a) b) for a) and b) 0,02 for measuring lengths up to 1 000 Add 0,01 to the preceding tolerance for each 1 000 increase in length beyond 1 000 Maximum tolerance: 0,05 Measuring instruments

Straightedge, dial gauge and gauge blocks, or optical methods or taut wire and microscope for b). Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 8.2.2.1, 8.2.2.3 and 8.2.2.5

To ensure accurate measurements, position a straightedge vertically on the table for scenario a) and horizontally for scenario b), aligning it parallel to the R'-axis movement of the table slide Any lack of parallelism should be taken into account during the measurement process Proper alignment of the straightedge is essential for precise results.

For accurate measurements, the dial gauge should be mounted on the spindle when it can be locked If the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge must be mounted on the ram face to ensure precision The stylus should be positioned perpendicular to the reference face of the straightedge, maintaining proper alignment for reliable readings.

Traverse the table in the R’-axis direction and note the readings.

The angular deviation of the table slide movement (R’-axis) should be checked across three key planes to ensure precision: in the vertical YZ plane, assessing the EAR (pitch) deviation; in the vertical XY plane, evaluating the ECR (roll) deviation; and in the horizontal ZX plane, measuring the EBR (yaw) deviation Proper measurement of these angular deviations is essential for maintaining accurate table alignment and optimal machine performance Regular inspection of the R’-axis angular deviations helps prevent inaccuracies during machining operations Monitoring pitch, roll, and yaw deviations across these planes ensures precision in table slide movements, contributing to high-quality manufacturing output.

Tolerance Measured deviations a) b) c) for a), b) and c)

R > 4 000: 0,06/1 000 Local tolerance: 0,02/1 000 for any measuring length of 300

Measuring instruments a) Precision levels, laser interferometer or other optical angular deviation measuring instruments. b) Precision levels. c) Laser interferometer or other optical angular deviation measuring instruments.

To ensure accurate measurements, the instrument should be positioned correctly on the table: the EAR (pitch) should be aligned in the Z-axis direction with optical instruments set vertically, while the E CR (roll) must be aligned along the X-axis Additionally, the EBR (yaw) should be placed in the Z-axis direction when optical instruments are set horizontally, facilitating precise calibration and alignment.

The reference level should be positioned on the ram, ensuring it is centered within the travel range for accurate measurement When the R’-axis movement induces angular displacement in both the spindle head and the work-holding table, differential measurements of these angular movements must be performed This process must be documented clearly to maintain precision and compliance with calibration standards.

Checking of parallelism between the table slide movement (R’-axis) and the ram movement (Z-axis): a) in the vertical YZ-plane, E A(0Z)R ; b) in the horizontal ZX-plane, EB(0Z)R.

Tolerance Measured deviations a) b) a) and b) 0,03/500 Measuring instruments

Straightedge, dial gauge and adjustable blocks.

Set a straightedge on the table, vertical for a) and horizontal for b), parallel to the ram movement (Z-axis) or the lack of parallelism shall be considered in the measurement.

When using a dial gauge for measurement, it is recommended to mount the gauge directly on the spindle if the spindle can be securely locked If the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge should instead be positioned on the ram face to ensure accurate readings Proper placement of the dial gauge is essential for precise measurements in machining and quality control processes.

Apply the stylus of the dial gauge to the straightedge, measuring in the Y-direction for a) and in the X-direction for b) Retract the ram and zero the dial gauge.

To measure the parallelism error, move the R'-axis to the designated position and record the dial gauge reading The parallelism error, denoted as E A(0Z)R for case a) or E B(0Z)R for case b), is calculated as the ratio of the dial gauge reading to the traveled distance along the R'-axis This method provides an accurate assessment of the alignment accuracy in CNC machine calibration.

NOTE These tests can also be performed with single point measurements (synchronous movements of Z-axis and R’-axis)

Checking of squareness between) the table slide movement (R’-axis) and the spindle head movement (Y-axis), EA(0R)Y.

Position a straightedge on the table parallel to the table slide movement (R'-axis) using adjustable blocks to ensure alignment; note that any lack of parallelism may affect measurement accuracy Place a square on the straightedge to verify proper alignment, ensuring precise and reliable measurements.

When using a dial gauge, it can be mounted on the spindle if the spindle can be locked securely However, if the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge should be placed on the ram face to ensure accurate measurements Proper positioning of the dial gauge is essential for precise readings during machining or calibration processes.

To measure the square in the Z-direction, apply the dial gauge stylus to its surface Position the Y-axis near one end of the square and set the dial gauge to zero to ensure accurate readings Properly aligning the gauge optimizes measurement precision for quality control and machining accuracy.

Move the Y-axis to measure close to the other end of the square surface and note the reading.

The measured squareness error, EA(0Y)R, is the ratio between the reading and the travelled distance along the Y-axis.

Checking of squareness between the table slide movement (R’-axis) and the column movement (X-axis), EB(0X)R.

Set a square on the table and align one side parallel to the column movement (X-axis) or the lack of parallelism shall be considered in the measurement.

For accurate measurements, if the spindle can be locked, the dial gauge should be mounted directly on it However, if the spindle cannot be locked, the dial gauge must be positioned on the ram face to ensure precise readings Proper placement of the dial gauge is crucial for effective measurement during machining processes.

To accurately measure the square, apply the stylus of the dial gauge along the X-axis Position the R’-axis near one end of the square surface and zero the dial gauge to ensure precise readings.

To accurately assess squareness error, move the R'-axis closer to the other end of the square surface and record the measurement The measured squareness error, EB(0X)R, is determined by calculating the ratio between this reading and the distance traveled along the R'-axis This method provides a precise indication of the deviation from perfect squareness, essential for quality control and calibration Ensuring proper measurement of the EB(0X)R value helps maintain accuracy and consistency in precision machining and manufacturing processes.

Checking of parallelism error between the B’-axis of rotation of the table and the Y-axis motion: a) E A(0Y)B in the vertical YZ plane; b) E C(0Y)B in the vertical XY plane.

Cylinder square with flange base and dial gauge

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 3.6.4, 10.1.4, 10.1.4.3, or 10.1.4.4 as alternative

For accurate dial gauge measurements, mount the gauge on the spindle if it can be locked; otherwise, position it on the spindle head Ensure that the Z-axis is locked whenever possible to stabilize the setup, followed by locking the X-axis to prevent movement during measurement Properly locking these axes enhances precision and reliability in machining processes.

1) Fix a cylinder square with a flange base on the table and centre it approximately on the axis of rotation.

2) Fix the dial gauge with the stylus oriented in the Z-axis direction for a) and X-axis direction for b).

To measure the maximum reading, touch the cylinder square gently with the stylus near the cylinder's base and make small movements along the X-axis (a) and Z-axis (b) Ensure you zero the dial gauge before recording your measurements for accurate results.

Indexing or rotary tables

Checking of face run-out of the table surface in its rotating movement.

A, B, C and D measuring diameter measurement positions table corners

Tolerance for a measuring diameter, D, up to: Measured deviation

For measuring diameters, D, over 5 000, the tolerance shall be agreed upon between manufacturer/supplier and user.

Dial gauge and gauge block

Observations and references to ISO 230-1:2012, 12.5

To ensure accurate measurements, place a dial gauge at position 1 and position a gauge block near corner A of the table, then record the reading Next, remove the gauge block, rotate the table to B90, and measure again with the same gauge block near corner B Repeat this process for corners C and D by rotating the table to B180 and B270, respectively, ensuring precise calibration and quality control of the table’s alignment.

Repeat the test reversing the B’-axis rotation direction (from D to A) Record the difference between the maximum and minimum readings.

Repeat the same process, placing the dial gauge in the successive positions of 2, 3 and 4 or at least in position 2.

Use the greatest of the recorded differences as the value of face run-out.

Lock the table each time before taking measurements, if applicable.

Checking of run-out of the centring hole of the table in its rotating movement.

For accurate measurement, a dial gauge should be mounted on the spindle if it can be locked, ensuring stability and precision If the spindle cannot be locked, it's best to attach the dial gauge directly to the ram face to obtain reliable readings Proper mounting based on spindle lock capability is essential for precise machining and measurement tasks.

Set the stylus of the dial gauge in the same plane with the axis of the centring hole and as near as possible to the table surface.

Rotate the table and record the difference between the maximum and the minimum reading.

Ensure the accuracy of the table's angular positions at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° to guarantee precise operation For a rotary indexable table with four fixed positions spaced 90° apart, verification of these angles is essential for maintaining machining precision Additionally, for rotary indexable tables with any number of fixed positions, regular accuracy checks at each specified angle are crucial to ensure reliable performance and accuracy across all positions.

Square and dial gauge or optical methods

Set a square on the table with one edge parallel to the column movement (X-axis).

Index the table four times in one direction (90°, 180°, 270°and 360°) and check in every position the parallelism (slope) between column movement and the corresponding edge of the square.

Index the table four times in opposite direction (270°, 180°, 90° and 0°) and check again the parallelism (slope) in every position The maximum difference of the eight readings is the measured deviation.

NOTE Tests for checking of accuracy and repeatability of angular positioning of rotary table by numerical control (B’-axis), E BB are specified in P6.

8 Checking accuracy and repeatability of positioning by numerical control

These tests are applied only to horizontal boring and milling machines, numerically controlled for linear and rotary positioning axes.

In performing the tests, reference should be made to ISO 230-2, especially for the environmental conditions, warming up of the machine, measuring methods, evaluation and interpretation of the

Tolerance Measured length Measured deviation

Bi-directional positioning accuracy of X-axis a EXX,A 0,014 0,020 0,022

Unidirectional positioning repeatability of X-axis a EXX, R↑ ;EXX, R↓ 0,007 0,009 0,011

Bi-directional positioning repeatability of X-axis EXX,R 0,011 0,014 0,017

Mean reversal value of X-axis EXX,Bmean 0,005 0,006 0,008

Bi-directional systematic positioning error of X-axis a EXX,E 0,008 0,011 0,013

Mean bi-directional positioning error of X-axis a EXX,M 0,003 0,005 0,006

Axes exceeding 2 000 One or more segments of 2 000 with five runs upwards and downwards each.

For axes up to 4,000 mm, a full measurement over a single 2,000 mm segment is recommended to ensure accuracy For axes exceeding 4,000 mm and up to 8,000 mm, it is advised to divide the measurement into two equal 2,000 mm segments Test segments should be evenly spaced along the entire axis length, with any remaining length distributed equally at the beginning, middle, and end of the measurement process to maintain precision and consistency.

Bidirectional systematic positioning error of X-axis a EXX,E 0,016 + 0,006 for each additional 1 000 Mean bi-directional positioning error of X-axis a EXX,M 0,008 + 0,003 for each additional 1 000 a May provide a basis for machine acceptance.

Laser measurement equipment or linear scale

Observations and references to ISO 230-2:2014, Clause 3, 5.3.2 and 5.3.3

The linear scale or the beam of laser measurement equipment shall be set parallel to the travelling axis.

Positioning feed speed shall be agreed between manufacturer/supplier and user.

The position of the starting point of measurement shall be stated.

Number and position of 2 000 test segment(s) shall be stated in the test report.

Object P2 Checking of accuracy and repeatability of positioning of the spindle head movement (Y-axis) by numerical control, EYY.

Bi-directional positioning accuracy of Y-axis a EYY,A 0,014 0,020 0,022

Unidirectional positioning repeatability of Y-axis a EYY,R↑; EYY,R↓ 0,007 0,009 0,011

Bi-directional positioning repeatability of Y-axis E YY , R 0,011 0,014 0,017

Mean reversal value of Y-axis EYY,Bmean 0,005 0,006 0,008

Bi-directional systematic positioning error of Y-axis a EYY,E 0,008 0,011 0,013

Mean bi-directional positioning error of Y-axis a EYY,M 0,003 0,005 0,006

Axes exceeding 2 000 One or more segments of 2 000 with five runs upwards and downwards each.

For axes up to 4,000 mm, it is recommended to perform a single full measurement over a 2,000 mm segment For axes between 4,000 mm and 8,000 mm, two 2,000 mm segments should be measured This pattern continues for longer axes, ensuring that test segments are equally spaced along the entire length Any excess length should be evenly distributed at the beginning, middle, and end of the test segments to ensure accurate and consistent measurement results.

Bidirectional systematic positioning error of

Y-axis a EYY,E 0,016 + 0,006 for each additional 1 000 Mean bi-directional positioning error of Y-axis a EYY,M 0,008 + 0,003 for each additional 1 000 a May provide a basis for machine acceptance.

The linear scale or the beam of the laser measurement equipment shall be set parallel to the travelling axis.

Object P3 Checking of accuracy and repeatability of positioning of the ram movement (Z-axis) by numerical control, EZZ.

≤500 ≤1 000 ≤2 000 Bi-directional positioning accuracy of Z-axis a EZZ,A 0,014 0,020 0,022

Unidirectional positioning repeatability of Z-axis a E ZZ ,R↑;E ZZ ,R↓ 0,007 0,009 0,011

Bi-directional positioning repeatability of Z-axis EZZ,R 0,011 0,014 0,017

Mean reversal value of Z-axis EZZ,Bmean 0,005 0,006 0,008

Bi-directional systematic positioning error of Z-axis a EZZ,E 0,008 0,011 0,013

Mean bi-directional positioning error of Z-axis a E ZZ , M 0,003 0,005 0,006 a May provide a basis for machine acceptance.

The linear scale or the beam of the laser measurement equipment shall be set parallel to the travelling axis.

Positioning feed speed shall be agreed between manufacturer/supplier and user.

The position of the starting point of measurement shall be stated.

Number and position of 2 000 test segment(s) shall be stated in the test report.

Object P4 Checking of accuracy and repeatability of positioning of the sliding boring spindle movement (W-axis) by numerical control, EZW.

Tiêu đề	Machine tools — Test conditions for testing the accuracy of boring and milling machines with horizontal spindle
Chuyên ngành	Machine Tools
Thể loại	Tiêu chuẩn
Năm xuất bản	2016
Thành phố	Geneva

Định dạng
Số trang	60
Dung lượng	2,06 MB