ĐỌC TIẾNG ANH 6 EN40 033 Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure that the transition is made from th.
Trang 1ĐỌC - TIẾNG ANH 6 - EN40.033
1 Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure that the transition is made from theory to practice Despite the fact that rockets had been used sporadically for several hundred years, they remained a relatively minor artefact of civilisation until the twentieth century Prodigious efforts, accelerated during two world wars, were required before the technology of primitive rocketry could be translated into the reality of sophisticated astronauts It is strange that the rocket was generally ignored by writers of fiction to transport their heroes to mysterious realms beyond the Earth, even though it had been commonly used in fireworks displays in China since the thirteenth century The reason is that nobody associated the reaction principle with the idea of travelling through space to a neighbouring world.
The impact of the reaction principle
► How the reaction principle
The first use of steam
Writers’ theories of the reaction principle
2 Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door
to exploration of the universe.
► The impact of the reaction principle
Writers’ theories of the reaction principle
How the reaction principle
The first use of steam
Trang 23 In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph.A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young
in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if,
on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase
to several thousand An imblance of the sexes.
► Paragraph B
Paragraph D
Paragraph C
Paragraph A
Trang 34 In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph.A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young
in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if,
on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase
to several thousand Loss of ability to adapt.
► Paragraph C
Paragraph B
Paragraph A
Paragraph D
Trang 45 (**) In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph A, Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young
in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if,
on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing B, Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction C, Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts Without genetic variability
a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction D, Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase
to several thousand Natural disasters.
► Paragraph D
Paragraph A
Paragraph C
Paragraph B
Trang 56 In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young
in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species extinctions even if,
on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural selection acts Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase
to several thousand.The haphazard nature of reproduction.
► Paragraph A
Paragraph D
Paragraph C
Paragraph B
Trang 67 Read the text and choose the best answer De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should….
► exercise harder but for less time
learn more about how the human body reacts to exercise
give their muscles more time to recover from exercise
exercise less frequently
8 Read the text and choose the best answer De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should….
► exercise harder but for less time
exercise less frequently
give their muscles more time to recover from exercise
learn more about how the human body reacts to exercise
Trang 79 Read the text and choose the best answer These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as bees have made their way from South America to North America Killer bees are reputed to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhatinflated The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil
in 1955 The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim Killer bees tend to travel in largeclusteror swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate A “hybrid" in paragraph 2 is
an enemy
► a mixture
a predecessor
a relative
Trang 810 Read the text and choose the best answer.‘People still tell me, “Children don’t read nowadays”,’ says David Almond, the award-winning author of children’s books such as Skellig The truth is that they are skilled, creative readers When I do classroom visits, they ask me very sophisticated questions about use of language, story structure, chapters and dialogue.’ No one is denying that books are competing with other forms of entertainment for children’s attention but it seems as though children find a special kind of mental nourishment within the printed page.What is the main idea of this paragraph?
► the fact that children are able to identify and discuss the important elements offiction
Children will read many books by an author that they like
Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book
the undervaluing of children’s society
11 Read the text and choose the best answer.‘The dingo started out as a quiet observer,’ writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant Animal: The Dingo,
‘but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous on the continent.’ It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have increased a hundredfold Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an educated guess puts the population at more than a million.Eventually government officials and graziers agreed that one well- maintained fence, placed on the outer rim of sheep country and paid for by taxes levied on woolgrowers, should supplant the maze of private netting By
1960, three states joined their barriers to form a single dog fence.Dingoes have flourished as a result of the sheep industry.
► TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN
Trang 912 Read the text and choose the best answer.A few years ago, publishers lost confidence and wanted to make books more like television, the medium that frightened them most,’ says children’s book critic Julia Eccleshare ‘But books aren’t TV, and you will find that children always say that the good thing about books is that you can see them in your head Children are demanding readers,’ she says ‘If they don’t get it in two pages, they’ll drop it.’No more are children’s authors considered mere sentimentalists or failed adult writers 'Some feted adult writers would kill for the sales,’ says Almond, who sold 42,392 copies of Skellig in 1999 alone And advances seem to be growing too:
UK publishing outfit Orion recently negotiated a six-figure sum from US company Scholastic for The Seeing Stone, a children's novel by Kevin Crossley- Holland, the majority of which will go to the author.Which company has just invested heavily in an unpublished children’s book?
► Orion
Skellig
Kevin Crossley-Holland
Almond
Trang 1013 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’
if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to
$100,000 each.Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.
► TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN
Trang 1114 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’
if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to
$100,000 each.Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its………
the trigger
interactive meteorology
money
► size
Trang 1215 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’
if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to
$100,000 each.Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.
to separate the sheep from the cattle
Trang 13to act as a boundary between properties
► to protect the Australian wool industry
17 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.Across the Palaeolithic age which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty
-of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and thermoregulatory systems capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun, according to Loren Cordain of the Human Performance Laboratory at Colorado State University And given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye ago, we ignore its legacy at our peril Cordain and his colleagues point out that
in today's developed societies, inactivity is associated with disease Contemporary hunter- gatherer societies rarely experience these modern killers, they say.This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in 'The primary objectives for any exercise and diet programme must be to counter hyper- insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin) and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his forthcoming book about evolutionary exercise Exercise and diet are linked For example, says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that of our ancestors But he feels that most modern exercise regimes are not hitting the mark.Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies in terms of their…
healthy mix of work and leisure activities
► resistance to certain fatal illnesses
ability to withstand high temperatures
refusal to change their way of life (Sai)
Trang 1418 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.Art De Vany is 62, but physical fitness tests three years ago showed he had the body of a 32-year-old Although De Vany is sceptical of such assessments, he knows he's in good shape His former career as a professional baseball player may have something
to do with it, but he attributes his physical prowess to an, exercise regime inspired by the lifestyles of our Palaeolithic ancestors.What do you learn about Art De Vany in the paragraph?
He believes he has inherited a strong body
► He is older than he appears to be
He works as a professional sports player
He frequently tests his health
19 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling It is enough to make you want to stay at home But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical ‘nasties’ are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.In the paragraph the writer suggests that…….
people should avoid working in cities
Americans spend too little time outdoors
► there are several ways to avoid city pollution
hazardous gases are concentrated in industrial suburbs
Trang 1520 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according
to plan ‘Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,’ says Bernstein ‘Occasionally,
it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn’t supposed to go.’And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? ‘What goes up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves
or their expensive equipment at risk With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could
be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm cloudsPower companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.
NOT GIVEN
TRUE
► FALSE
Trang 1621 Read the text and choose the best answer.Bees do not see red; thus, flowers that attract bees tend to be blue, yellow, purple, or other colors Many bee attractors also have nectar guides, which are spots near the center1 of each flower that reflect ultraviolet light, making it easier for the bees to find the nectar Bees are also attracted to flowers with a mintlike or sweet smell Snapdragons not only attract bees visually, they are adapted to appeal to certain bee species: snapdragons have a landing platform that, if the bee is the correct weight, opens—allowing access to the nectar and pollen.Pollinators play
a major role in agriculture While many staple crops such as rice, corn, canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent
on pollinator species for many fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed crops Over 30 percent of the world’s crops require the work of pollinator species Bees are the most common agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries; vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies (asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and hummingbirds (fuchsia).Bees rarely respond to scent.
► FALSE
NOT GIVEN
TRUE
Trang 1722 Read the text and choose the best answer.Bees do not see red; thus, flowers that attract bees tend to be blue, yellow, purple, or other colors Many bee attractors also have nectar guides, which are spots near the center1 of each flower that reflect ultraviolet light, making it easier for the bees to find the nectar Bees are also attracted to flowers with a mintlike or sweet smell Snapdragons not only attract bees visually, they are adapted to appeal to certain bee species: snapdragons have a landing platform that, if the bee is the correct weight, opens—allowing access to the nectar and pollen.Pollinators play
a major role in agriculture While many staple crops such as rice, corn, canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent
on pollinator species for many fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed crops Over 30 percent of the world’s crops require the work of pollinator species Bees are the most common agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries; vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies (asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and hummingbirds (fuchsia).Most grain crops are pollinated by insects.
► FALSE
TRUE
NOT GIVEN
Trang 1823 Read the text and choose the best answer.Bees do not see red; thus, flowers that attract bees tend to be blue, yellow, purple, or other colors Many bee attractors also have nectar guides, which are spots near the center1 of each flower that reflect ultraviolet light, making it easier for the bees to find the nectar Bees are also attracted to flowers with a mintlike or sweet smell Snapdragons not only attract bees visually, they are adapted to appeal to certain bee species: snapdragons have a landing platform that, if the bee is the correct weight, opens—allowing access to the nectar and pollen.Pollinators play
a major role in agriculture While many staple crops such as rice, corn, canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent
on pollinator species for many fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed crops Over 30 percent of the world’s crops require the work of pollinator species Bees are the most common agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries; vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies (asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and hummingbirds (fuchsia).Special markings on a flower help bees to locate the nectar.
► TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN
Trang 1924 Read the text and choose the best answer.Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper- like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks According to the passage, in what circumstances do hummingbirds build a second nest?
► If the eggs are destroyed early in the season
If the winter is unusually warm
If the chicks in the first nest hatch early
If there is an unusually large supply of food
Trang 2025 Read the text and choose the best answer.Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper- like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks According to the passage, which of the following is true of the male broad-tailed hummingbird?
► It is not involved in caring for the chicks
It finds food for the female and the chicks
It protects the nest while the female searches for food
It shares nesting duties equally with the female
Trang 2126 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper- like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks It can be inferred from the passage that the broad-tailed hummingbirds' eggs and chicks are most vulnerable to attacks by …….
Humans
Squirrels
Insects
► Birds
Trang 2227 Read the text and choose the best answer.Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper- like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks The word "clear"
in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to…
► exact
transparent
unobstructed
bright
Trang 2328 Read the text and choose the best answer.Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper- like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks The word
"counts" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to….
► matters
weighs
numbers
estimates
Trang 2429 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper- like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks The word "they"
in paragraph 2 refers to…….
females
territories
meadows
► male hummingbirds
Trang 2530 Read the text and choose the best answer.Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper- like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks What aspect of broad-tailed hummingbird behavior does the passage mainly discuss?
► Selection of nest sites
Mating habits
Caring for the young
Migration routes
Trang 2631 Read the text and choose the best answer.By 870, the Vikings were settling Iceland In 980, an Icelandic assembly found a man named Eric “the Red” Ericson guilty of murder and sent him into exile Eric the Red responded by sailing to a large island to the west, which he called “Greenland.” An Icelandic saga mentions that people would be attracted to go to Greenland if it had a favorable2 name Around 998, Eric the Red’s son, Leif “the Lucky” Ericson, and a small Viking fleet sailed west to North America There they established the first European settlement in the New World, called “Vinland.”Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France In 866, a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much of the country’s north and east They forced the English king to acknowledge their control of much of England under the so-called Danelaw To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland, and in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking fort The Vikings remained a major power in Ireland until the early eleventh century.When did Vikings establish a fort in Ireland?
► 841
866
980
998
Trang 2732 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.By 870, the Vikings were settling Iceland In 980, an Icelandic assembly found a man named Eric “the Red” Ericson guilty of murder and sent him into exile Eric the Red responded
by sailing to a large island to the west, which he called “Greenland.” An Icelandic saga mentions that people would be attracted to go to Greenland if it had a favorable2 name Around 998, Eric the Red’s son, Leif “the Lucky” Ericson, and a small Viking fleet sailed west to North America There they established the first European settlement in the New World, called
“Vinland.”Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France In 866, a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much of the country’s north and east They forced the English king
to acknowledge their control of much of England under the so-called Danelaw.
To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland, and in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking fort The Vikings remained a major power in Ireland until the early eleventh century.When was Eric the Red convicted of a crime?
in one’s diet.Some athletes use caffeine to…
► increase their endurance
Trang 28improve their reaction
maintain their alertness
34 Read the text and choose the best answer.Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need
to stay alert Research has shown that sleep- deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina—hence its addition to energy- boosting sports drinks.People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount
in one’s diet.Symptoms of caffeine withdrawal…….
► are usually short-lived
can become an ongoing problem
may last as long as a week
lasts 1 month
35 Read the text and choose the best answer.Children’s books are surprisingly relevant to contemporary life Provided they are handled with care, few topics are considered off-limits for children One senses that children’s writers relish the chance to discuss the whole area of topics and language But Anne Fine, author of many award- winning children’s books is concerned that the British literati still ignore children’s culture ‘It’s considered worthy but boring,’ she says.What is the main idea of this paragraph?
► the undervaluing of children’s society
Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book
the impact of a particular fictional character on the sales of children’s books
Children will read many books by an author that they like
Trang 2936 Read the text and choose the best answer.CLASSIC TOURS - coach break informationLuggageWe ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach.Seat AllocationRequests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time.Travel DocumentsWhen you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them
to you at the relevant point.Special DietsIf you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.AccommodationMany of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.EntertainmentSome of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.If you want to sit at the front of the coach…….
► book your seat well in advance
ask when you get on the coach
arrive early on the departure date
avoid travelling at peak times
Trang 3037 Read the text and choose the best answer.CLASSIC TOURS - coach break informationLuggageWe ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach.Seat AllocationRequests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time.Travel DocumentsWhen you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them
to you at the relevant point.Special DietsIf you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.AccommodationMany of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.EntertainmentSome of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.Your air tickets……
► may be held by your coach driver
will be sent to your departure point
must be collected before leaving
will be enclosed with other documents
Trang 3138 Read the text and choose the best answer.CLASSIC TOURS - coach break informationLuggageWe ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach.Seat AllocationRequests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time.Travel DocumentsWhen you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them
to you at the relevant point.Special DietsIf you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.AccommodationMany of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of bookingthe supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.EntertainmentSome of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.Entertainment is available…….Entertainment is available……
► if there is the demand
for an additional cost
upon request
at all hotels
Trang 3239 Read the text and choose the best answer.CLASSIC TOURS - coach break informationLuggageWe ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach.Seat AllocationRequests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time.Travel DocumentsWhen you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them
to you at the relevant point.Special DietsIf you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.AccommodationMany of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of bookingthe supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.EntertainmentSome of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.If you need a special diet you should……If you need a special diet you shouldRead the text and choose the best answer.
► tell the coach company
inform the hotel when you arrive
pay extra with the booking
book tourist class
Trang 3340 Read the text and choose the best answer.CLASSIC TOURS - coach break informationLuggageWe ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach.Seat AllocationRequests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time.Travel DocumentsWhen you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them
to you at the relevant point.Special DietsIf you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.AccommodationMany of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of bookingthe supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.EntertainmentSome of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.It may be necessary to pay extra for……
► a bathroom
boat tickets
entertainment
additional luggage
Trang 3441 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.CLASSIC TOURS - coach break informationLuggageWe ask you to keep luggage down to one medium- sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach.Seat AllocationRequests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time.Travel DocumentsWhen you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them
to you at the relevant point.Special DietsIf you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.AccommodationMany of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of bookingthe supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.EntertainmentSome of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel.With every booking Classic Tours guarantee you will be able to……
use your own personal bathroom
see a film if you want to
request high quality meals
► take hand luggage on the coach
Trang 3542 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation
in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise programmeshould include?
► order and chaos
ascending weights and descending repetitions (Sai)
intensity and duration
non-linear and dynamic
43 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation
in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful?
walking
trekking
► aerobic exercise
hitting softballs
Trang 3644 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation
in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.Which type of exercise does De Vany practise on a regular basis?
of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems.This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter- gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods
of activity and long stretches of inertia.What term does De Vany use to describe his approach to physicalexercise?
ancient rhythm
health and fitness
growing efforts
► evolutionary fitness
Trang 3746 Read the text and choose the best answer.Determining the definite cause of dyslexia is a difficult task since studies of the morphology of the brain are generally conducted in an autopsy One hypothesis suggests that dyslexic children suffer from “strabismus,” the tendency of the eyes to focus on two different points When reading, for example, one eye focuses on the beginning
of the word and the other focuses on the end This theory could explain why dyslexics have difficulty reading Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards, often mistaking a b for a d or reading was instead of saw These reversals are normal for children under the age of six, but indicate a problem if they persist beyond the early elementary grades Neurological research points
to tiny flaws in the dyslexic brain called ectopias and microgyria These flaws alter the structure of the cortex, the area of the brain that is responsible for connecting visual and audio processing Genetic research, often in the form of twins studies, shows that dyslexia may be passed on in families.People with dyslexia often read in reverse.
of the word and the other focuses on the end This theory could explain why dyslexics have difficulty reading Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards, often mistaking a b for a d or reading was instead of saw These reversals are normal for children under the age of six, but indicate a problem if they persist beyond the early elementary grades Neurological research points
to tiny flaws in the dyslexic brain called ectopias and microgyria These flaws alter the structure of the cortex, the area of the brain that is responsible for connecting visual and audio processing Genetic research, often in the form of twins studies, shows that dyslexia may be passed on in families.There is a tendency for dyslexia between twins.
► NOT GIVEN
TRUE
Trang 3848 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.Dyslexia is a type of learning disorder that can often be compensated for with therapy and motivational techniques Phonological training, which involves identifying and separating sound patterns, is the most common form of therapy used in the school system Depending on the severity of the disorder, dyslexic children are pulled from regular classroom activities in order to work one-on-one with a language specialist Studies have shown that activity in the right temporoparietal cortex tends to increase after sufficient phonological training Improvements in visual focus can sometimes be achieved when students are given an eye patch to wear while they learn to read Encouraging children to use many senses while reading also has proven benefits Some teachers find that having students listen
to a book on tape before reading the text can help with information processing
as well.Scientists are looking for a drug treatment for dyslexia.
► NOT GIVEN
TRUE
FALSE
49 Read the text and choose the best answer.Dyslexia, also referred to as
“specific reading disability,” predominantly affects a person’s ability to read and write Dyslexics have difficulty connecting visual symbols (i.e., letters) with their corresponding sounds Many people who suffer from dyslexia also have trouble with enunciation, organization, and short-term memory Dyslexia is the most common learning disability in children It is not related to intellectual ability, vision, or access to education Approximately 5-10 percent of school-age children in North America suffer from the condition, with each case varying in severity Children are generally diagnosed with dyslexia during the elementary school years when they are learning how to read and spell.Dyslexia is a disorder related to intelligence.
► FALSE
NOT GIVEN
TRUE
Trang 3950 (**) Read the text and choose the best answer.Dyslexia, also referred to as
“specific reading disability,” predominantly affects a person’s ability to read and write Dyslexics have difficulty connecting visual symbols (i.e., letters) with their corresponding sounds Many people who suffer from dyslexia also have trouble with enunciation, organization, and short-term memory Dyslexia is the most common learning disability in children It is not related to intellectual ability, vision, or access to education Approximately 5-10 percent of school-age children in North America suffer from the condition, with each case varying in severity Children are generally diagnosed with dyslexia during the elementary school years when they are learning how to read and spell.Dyslexia is usually diagnosed during a child’s first years of school.
“landing platform.” In contrast, many moths are active at night and thus are attracted to flowers that are pale or white, have a strong fragrance, but also have broad areas to land on Both butterflies and moths have long tongues and have coevolved with plants that have developed deep sources of nectar that are available only to certain species Hummingbirds are also attracted by color3 especially by bright reds, and flowers that attract these tiny birds also have strong stems and are designed for pollen to be brushed on the hummingbirds’ heads as they sip nectar.Certain flowers have evolved to be pollinated by hummingbirds.
► TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN
Trang 4052 Read the text and choose the best answer.Flowering plants have evolved a variety of methods for signaling2 their usefulness to pollinators or for otherwise making their work easier Butterflies are attracted to flowers that are open during the day, are bright—typically red, yellow, or orange— and have a
“landing platform.” In contrast, many moths are active at night and thus are attracted to flowers that are pale or white, have a strong fragrance, but also have broad areas to land on Both butterflies and moths have long tongues and have coevolved with plants that have developed deep sources of nectar that are available only to certain species Hummingbirds are also attracted by color3 especially by bright reds, and flowers that attract these tiny birds also have strong stems and are designed for pollen to be brushed on the hummingbirds’ heads as they sip nectar.If an attractive flower is very small, a butterfly will land on its leaves.
“landing platform.” In contrast, many moths are active at night and thus are attracted to flowers that are pale or white, have a strong fragrance, but also have broad areas to land on Both butterflies and moths have long tongues and have coevolved with plants that have developed deep sources of nectar that are available only to certain species Hummingbirds are also attracted by color3 especially by bright reds, and flowers that attract these tiny birds also have strong stems and are designed for pollen to be brushed on the hummingbirds’ heads as they sip nectar.Moths are attracted by both color and scent.
► TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN