Đáp án - Đọc Tiếng anh 6

There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century. The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade. The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint. How long has the expression “once in a blue moon" been around?

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ĐÁP ÁN MÔN ĐỌC TIẾNG ANH - 6 (EN40)

(Người soạn: phonghv002)

LUYỆN TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM 1

1 Read the text and choose the best answer

There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century

The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month Instead, it

is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March) It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade

The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because

of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today Another example occurred more than a century later When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint

How long has the expression “once in a blue moon" been around?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a For 200 years

b For around 50 years

c For more than 100 years (Đúng)

d For less than 100 years

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Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been

a popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River

in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side

of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take

a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet

Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area

A "steamer” in paragraph 2 is probably

Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped

by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected

to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it

You need to follow these steps:

•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document

•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate

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•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it

Choosing a topic

Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD)

There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs

As well as being cost effective, the method chosen must also be………

Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls

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under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area

According to the passage, why was Niagara Park created?

a To force Canada to open Queen Victoria Park

b To encourage tourists to visit Niagara Falls

c To show off the natural beauty of Niagara Falls

d To protect the area around Niagara Falls (Đúng)

The word “jurisdiction" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

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The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less intensely than men, says De Vany 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small game when they come across it They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit enormously from strength work, he says It increases their bone density and they get and stay leaner by building muscle mass 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their female ancestors].'

Of course, people vary De Vany acknowledges that our ancestors were adapted to a variety of terrains and climates Cordain points out that genetic differences between populations lead to different physical strengths East Africans, for example, seem to be better endurance runners, West Africans better sprinters But human genetic similarity greatly outweighs the variations And because our genes have changed so very little since Palaeolithic times, if you want to be a lean, mean, survival machine why not try exercising like a caveman?

Geographical features have played a role inhumanphysical development

a TRUE (Đúng)

b FALSE

c NOT GIVEN

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The passage implies that tourists prefer to

a see the falls from a great distance

b come to Niagara Falls for a winter vacation

c visit Niagara Falls during warmer weather (Đúng)

d take a ride over the falls

The word "flock” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

a come by plane

b come out of boredom

c come without knowing what they will see

d come in large numbers (Đúng)

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What is the major point that the author is making in this passage?

a A trip to the United States isn't complete without a visit to Niagara Falls

b Niagara Falls can be viewed from either the American side or the Canadian side

c It has been necessary to protect Niagara Falls from the many tourists who go there (Đúng)

d Niagara Falls has had an interesting history

The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less intensely than men, says De Vany 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small game when they come across it They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit enormously from strength work, he says It increases their bone density and they get and stay leaner by building muscle mass 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their female ancestors].'

Of course, people vary De Vany acknowledges that our ancestors were adapted to a variety of terrains and climates Cordain points out that genetic differences between populations lead to different physical strengths East Africans, for example, seem to be better endurance runners, West Africans better sprinters But human genetic similarity greatly outweighs the variations And because our genes have changed so very little since Palaeolithic times, if you want to be a lean, mean, survival machine why not try exercising like a caveman?

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The importance of genetic differences in deciding on an exercise programme is minimal

a FALSE

b NOT GIVEN

c TRUE (Đúng)

of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today Another example occurred more than a century later When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint

Which of the following might be the date of a “blue moon"?

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De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation

in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis,

basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders

Which type of exercise does De Vany practise on a regular basis?

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such

as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing

Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and thermoregulatory systems capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun, according to Loren Cordain of the Human Performance Laboratory at Colorado State University And given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye ago, we ignore its legacy at our peril Cordain and his colleagues point out that in today's developed societies, inactivity is associated with disease Contemporary hunter- gatherer societies rarely experience these modern killers, they say

This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in 'The primary objectives for any exercise and diet programme must be to counter hyper-insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin) and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his forthcoming book about evolutionary exercise Exercise and diet are linked For example, says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that

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Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies in terms of their…

a resistance to certain fatal illnesses (Đúng)

b ability to withstand high temperatures

c healthy mix of work and leisure activities

d refusal to change their way of life

Art De Vany is 62, but physical fitness tests three years ago showed he had the body of

a 32-year-old Although De Vany is sceptical of such assessments, he knows he's in good shape His former career as a professional baseball player may have something to do with

it, but he attributes his physical prowess to an, exercise regime inspired by the lifestyles of our Palaeolithic ancestors

What do you learn about Art De Vany in the paragraph?

a He believes he has inherited a strong body

b He frequently tests his health

c He works as a professional sports player

d He is older than he appears to be (Đúng)

in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders

Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise programmeshould include?

a intensity and duration

b order and chaos (Đúng)

c non-linear and dynamic

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d ascending weights and descending repetitions

The passage implies that tourists prefer to

a take a ride over the falls

b visit Niagara Falls during warmer weather (Đúng)

c see the falls from a great distance

d come to Niagara Falls for a winter vacation

He also argues that most people do not train the right muscles for that ultimately attractive - and adaptive - quality of symmetry 'Symmetry is a reliable evolutionary clue

to health,' he says 'Tumours and pathologies produce gross asymmetries, and our love of symmetry reflects the reproductive success of our ancestors, who were sensitive to these clues.' He strives for the X-look - a symmetrical balance of mass in the shoulder girdle, upper chest and back, the calves and lower quads, two of the four large muscles at the front

of the thighs This also makes men look taller, he adds, 'another reliable evolutionary clue that women use to find good genes'

The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less intensely than men, says De Vany 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small

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game when they come across it They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit enormously from strength work, he says It increases their bone density and they get and stay leaner by building muscle mass 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their female ancestors].'

Female exercise programmes should vary according to the shape of the individual

a TRUE

b FALSE

c NOT GIVEN (Đúng)

of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today Another example occurred more than a century later When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint

The word “hue" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

a color (đúng)

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b size

c shape

d date

CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information

at that time

Travel Documents

When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point

Special Diets

If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel

Accommodation

Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account

On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page

Entertainment

Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the

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discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel

Your air tickets……

a will be enclosed with other documents

b must be collected before leaving

c will be sent to your departure point

d may be held by your coach driver (Đúng)

20 Read the text and complete the sentence below

COURSE GUIDELINES

Assignments

A working model must be accompanied by………of some sort

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The expression “right up” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

a follow correct procedures

b turn to the right

c all the way up (Đúng)

d travel upstream

Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the

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Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area

According to the passage, which of the following best describes Niagara Falls?

a Although the Niagara River flows through the United States and Canada, the falls are only in the United States

b The Niagara River has two falls, one in Canada and one in the United States (Đúng)

c Niagara Falls consists of two rivers, one Canadian and the other American

d American Falls is considerably higher than Horseshoe Falls

23 Read the text and complete the sentence below

COURSE GUIDELINES

Assignments

Choosing a topic

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To avoid handing the assignment in late, it is suggested that students…………

a write the outline

b work plan backwards (Đúng)

c take advantage of IT

d ask for a help from the tutor

This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts

to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle

of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome

is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches of inertia

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such

Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle

of our Palaeolithic ancestors

a the predictable frequency of physical activity (Đúng)

b the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes

c the long distances between neighbours’ homes

d their size compared to that of modern man

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of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today Another example occurred more than a century later When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint

How many blue moons would there most likely be in a century?

at that time

Travel Documents

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Special Diets

Accommodation

Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account

Entertainment

Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel

If you want to sit at the front of the coach……

a avoid travelling at peak times

b arrive early on the departure date

c ask when you get on the coach

d book your seat well in advance (Đúng)

De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems

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What term does De Vany use to describe his approach to physicalexercise?

in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis,

basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders

Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful?

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Choosing a topic

Topics must be based on………

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are

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anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such

Our Palaeolithic ancestors were constantly active

to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it

There are………types of assignment to choose from

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and

10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources

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of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such

Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle

of our Palaeolithic ancestors?

a the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes

b the aggressive nature of their negotiations with others

c the difficulties involved in finding food (Đúng)

d their size compared to that of modem man

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LUYỆN TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM 2

1 Read the text and choose the most suitable heading

It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow By sealing the room and measuring the exact amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her that her metabolism was not the culprit It wasn't the answer she expected and probably not the one she wanted but she took the news philosophically

What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?

a A very uncommon complaint

b Lifestyle change required despite new findings

c Proof of the truth (Đúng)

d Hidden dangers

To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire It’s known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland I would call it simply the Fence

For most of its prodigious length, this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape that, unless a big rain has fallen, scarcely has rivers The eccentric route, prescribed mostly

by property lines, provides a sampler of outback topography: the Fence goes over; sand dunes, past salt lakes, up and down rock-strewn hills, through dense scrub and across barren plains

How does the author feel about the fence?

Luggage

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We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach

Seat Allocation

Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach

at that time

Travel Documents

Special Diets

Accommodation

Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking

the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account

Entertainment

It may be necessary to pay extra for……

a additional luggage

b entertainment

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c boat tickets

d a bathroom (Đúng)

4 Read the text and choose the the most suitable heading

It has long been known that a part of the brain called the hypothalamus is responsible for regulating hunger, among other things But it wasn't until 1994 that Professor Jeffery Friedman from Rockerfeller University in the US sent science in a new direction by studying an obese mouse Prof Friedman found that unlike its thin brothers, the fat mouse did not produce a hitherto unknown hormone called leptin Manufactured by the fat cells, leptin acts as a messenger, sending signals to the hypothalamus to turn off the appetite Previously, the fat cells were thought to be responsible simply for storing fat Prof Friedman gave the fat mouse leptin and it lost 30% of its body weight in two weeks

a Lifestyle change required despite new findings

b A very uncommon complaint

c Nature or nurture

d Rodent research leads the way (Đúng)

Although the metabolism myth has been completely disproved, science has far from discounted our genes as responsible for making us whatever weight we are, fat or thin One

of the world's leading obesity researchers, geneticist Professor Stephen O'Rahilly, goes so far as to say we are on the threshold of a complete change in the way we view not only morbid obesity, but also everyday overweight Prof O'Rahilly's groundbreaking work in Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes 'These people are not weak- willed, slothful or lazy,' says Prof O'Rahilly, 'They have a medical condition due to a genetic defect and that causes them to be obese.'

b Hidden dangers

c New perspective on the horizon (Đúng)

d Lifestyle change required despite new findings

The aim of such research is not, however, to encourage the use of gas masks when unloading the washing Instead, it is to bring a sense of perspective to the debate about

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pollution According to Dr Corsi, disproportionate effort is wasted campaigning against certain forms of outdoor pollution, when there is as much or more cause for concern indoors, right under people’s noses

As a result of their experiments, Dr Corsi’s team found that ………

a dishwashers are very efficient machines

b indoor pollution rivals outdoor pollution (Đúng)

c gas masks are a useful protective device

d tap water is as polluted as bottled water

While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage,

it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbour not only caused serious damage to the harbour foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen

The Sydney Harbour oil spill was the result of a…

a ship refuelling in the harbour

b tanker pumping oil into the sea (Đúng)

c deliberate act of sabotage

d collision between two oil tankers

Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of the devastating effects of scale environmental pollution Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish policies of the already industrialised countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources

large-In the paragraph, the writer argues that pollution…

a results from poor relations between nations

b is caused by human self-interest (Đúng)

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c is at its worst in industrialised countries

d has increased since the eighties

Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target And there is damage to property too Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million

a year

But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike

The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up

an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate The technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in EPRI, which is funded by power companies,

is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up

EPRI receives financial support from

a power companies (Đúng)

b Japan

c the University of Florida

d the United States

Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts considerable medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a 'cure' for the common condition of being seriously overweight However, rather than take responsibility for their weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than half the Australian population (63% of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight The argument goes like this: it doesn't matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break

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down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic rate

b Hidden dangers

c Lifestyle change required despite new findings

d Shifting the blame (Đúng)

The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs The empire it preserves is that of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s

- some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’

Why did the author visit Australia?

a to study Australian farming methods

b because he wanted to learn more about the wool industry

c because he was interested in life around the fence (Đúng)

d to investigate how the fence was constructed

A stumbling block

However, there is still a big stumbling block The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer

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Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each

Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes

to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says

And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces

‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back

Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms

a TRUE (Đúng)

b NOT GIVEN

c FALSE

In Australia, the University of Sydney's Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic defects may be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to dictate weight and are responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of exercise we do and the amount of energy we need When you add up all these little variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed to putting on weight

He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn't mean some other subtle change in the metabolism gene won't be found in overweight people He

is confident that science will, eventually, be able to 'cure' some forms of obesity but the only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is

a change of diet and an increase in exercise

b Lifestyle change required despite new findings (Đúng)

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c Hidden dangers

d New perspective on the horizon

The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia Howard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air

The Corsi research team hypothesised that…

a city water contains insufficient chlorine

b household appliances are poorly designed

c toxic chemicals can pass from air to water

d pollution is caused by dishwashers and baths (Đúng)

15 Read the text and choose the the most suitable heading

On the other side of the Atlantic, Prof O'Rahilly read about this research with great excitement For many months two blood samples had lain in the bottom of his freezer, taken from two extremely obese young cousins He hired a doctor to develop a test for leptin in human blood, which eventually resulted in the discovery that neither of the children's blood contained the hormone When one cousin was given leptin, she lost a stone

in weight and Prof O'Rahilly made medical history Here was the first proof that a genetic defect could cause obesity in humans But leptin deficiency turned out to be an extremely rare condition and there is a lot more research to be done before the 'magic' cure for obesity

c A very uncommon complaint (Đúng)

d New perspective on the horizon

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These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention

as bees have made their way from South America to North America Killer bees are reputed

to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated

The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955 The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees

These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate

The pronoun "They" in paragraph 3 refers to

a year

But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they

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will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike

According to the text, every year lightning…

a damages more than 100 American power companies

b kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world

c kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States

d does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms (Đúng)

A stumbling block

‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps

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preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back

The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its………

For most of its prodigious length, this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape that, unless a big rain has fallen, scarcely has rivers The eccentric route, prescribed mostly

by property lines, provides a sampler of outback topography: the Fence goes over; sand dunes, past salt lakes, up and down rock-strewn hills, through dense scrub and across barren plains

How does the author feel about the fence?

Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling It is enough to make you want to stay at home But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical ‘nasties’ are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target

In the paragraph the writer suggests that……

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a people should avoid working in cities

b hazardous gases are concentrated in industrial suburbs

c Americans spend too little time outdoors

d there are several ways to avoid city pollution (Đúng)

at that time

Travel Documents

Special Diets

Accommodation

Trang 36

Entertainment

With every booking Classic Tours guarantee you will be able to……

a use your own personal bathroom

b take hand luggage on the coach (Đúng)

c see a film if you want to

d request high quality meals

A stumbling block

‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back

Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system

Trang 37

a FALSE

b TRUE

c NOT GIVEN (Đúng)

a year

Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New Mexico…

a receive funds from the same source (Đúng)

b are in opposition to each other

c are using the same techniques

d are employed by commercial companies

A war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of Australia and the dingo, Australia’s wild dog To protect their livelihood, the farmers built

a wire fence, 3,307 miles of continuous wire mesh, reaching from the coast of South Australia all the way to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland, just short of the Pacific Ocean

Why was the fence built?

Trang 38

a to act as a boundary between properties

b to protect the Australian wool industry (Đúng)

c to stop the dingoes from being slaughtered by farmers

d to separate the sheep from the cattle

The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs The empire it preserves is that of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s

- some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’

On what point do the conservationists and politicians agree?

a The number of dogs needs to be reduced

b The fence poses a threat to the environment (Đúng)

c Wool exports are vital to the economy

d The fence acts as a useful frontier between states

While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage,

it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbour not only caused serious damage to the harbour foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen

The Sydney Harbour oil spill was the result of a…

a ship refuelling in the harbour

b tanker pumping oil into the sea (Đúng)

c collision between two oil tankers

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d deliberate act of sabotage

at that time

Travel Documents

Special Diets

Accommodation

Entertainment

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If you need a special diet you should……

If you need a special diet you should

Read the text and choose the best answer

a pay extra with the booking

b book tourist class

c tell the coach company (Đúng)

d inform the hotel when you arrive

a year

The main topic discussed in the text is……

a a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes (Đúng)

b the effect of lightning on power supplies in the and in

c the damage caused to US golf courses and golf playersbylightning strikes

d a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes

Tiêu đề	Đáp Án Môn Đọc Tiếng Anh - 6
Tác giả	Phonghv002
Thể loại	Answer Key

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