Tiêu chuẩn iso 12480 3 2016

© ISO 2016 Cranes — Safe use — Part 3 Tower cranes Appareils de levage à charge suspendue — Sécurité d’emploi — Partie 3 Grues à tour INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12480 3 Second edition 2016 08 15 Refer[.]

Cranes — Safe use —

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F reword vi

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitions 1

4 Manag ement of the lf ing o eration 2

4.1 Safety sys em wor k 2

4.2 Contr ol of the cr ane o eration 2

4.3 Contractual considerations 2

5 S lection, respo sibiities and minimum r eq irements of per sonnel 2

5.1 General 2

5.2 Duties of the pe son a p inted to contr ol the crane o eration ( he a p inted pe son) 2

5.3 Craneo erator 2

5.4 Slng er 3

5.5 Sig nale 3

5.6 Craneerector 3

5.7 Maintenanc pe son el 3

5.8 Inspe tion pe son el/crane inspe tor (or “r outine pe iodic inspe tion ”) 3

5.8.1 Duties 3

5.8.2 Minimum req irement 4

5.9 Craneco-or dinator 4

5.9.1 Duties 4

5.9.2 Minimum pr ovisions 4

5.1 Craneerection supe visor 4

5.1 1 Duties 4

5.1 2 Minimum pr ovisions 5

5.1 Othe particulars 5

6 S fety 5

6.1 General 5

6.2 Identification of pe son directing crane mo ement 5

6.3 Pe sonal safety eq ipment 5

6.4 Use of pe sonal safety eq ipment 5

6.5 A cc s 6

6.5.1 General 6

6.5.2 Bo r ding an lea ving the crane 6

6.5.3 Ins ruction of pe sonnel 6

6.5.4 J b an cou te jib ac es 6

6.5.5 C b safety 6

6.6 Fire ex ting uishe s 7

6.7 Documentation 7

6.8 Craneo erator’s aids 7

6.9 Othe safety pr ovisions 7

6.9.1 Lightning pr ote tion 7

6.9.2 Balas 8

6.9.3 A larms 8

6.9.4 Sig nb ards 8

7 S lection of towe c anes 8

8 Siting of cranes 9

8.1 General 9

8.2 Cranes an ing or sup ort conditions 9

8.2.1 General 9

8.2.2 Towe crane foun ations 9

9 Erecting, dismantlng and alteratio of height 10

9.1 Plan ing 1

9.2 Identification of comp nent 1

9.3 Ele trical sup ly .1

9.4 Pe son el 1

9.5 Contr ol 1

9.6 Inspe tion befor e er ection 1

9.7 Weathe 1

9.8 Man factur er’s erection, alteration of height an dismantling ins ructions 1

9.9 Towe crane clmbing 1

9.9.1 General 1

9.9.2 Plan ing theclmbing o eration 1

9.9.3 A ppointed pe son 1

9.9.4 Er ection supe visor 1

9.9.5 Re-commis ioning the cr ane up n completion of the clmbing o er ation 14

9.1 Comp nent an mate ials 14

9.1 1 Inter chang ea i ty of comp nent .14

9.1 2 Mater ials 14

10 Proc ed res and precautions 15

1 1 Craneo er ation 1

1 2 Wor king on cranes 1

1 2.1 General 1

1 2.2 Pe mit o wor k sys em 1

1 2.3 Pe iodic che ks 1

1 2.4 Reg ular inspe tions 1

1 2.5 C n ition monitoring 1

1 3 Rep rting of defe t and incidents 1

1 4 Lea ving the crane 1

1 5 Wor king at height 1

11 Operating c onditions 16

1 1 Rated ca acity 1

1 2 Oper ation an contr ol 1

1 3 Han lng of lo ds near pe sons 1

1 4 Multiple lfing 1

1 5 Spe ial d ties 1

1 5.1 General 1

1 5.2 Gr ab ing an mag net crane se vic 1

1 5.3 Demoltion an othe spe ial o er ations 1

1 6 Weathe con itions 1

1 6.1 General 1

1 6.2 Win 1

1 6.3 Visibi ty 1

1 6.4 Rain, snow or ic

1 1 6.5 Inspe tion folowing adve se weathe con itions 1

12 Slng ing and handlng of loads 17

13 Raising and lower ing of per ons 17

14 Tests, inspectio s and c ondition mo itor ing 18

14.1 General 1

14.2 A g e an uti zation 1

14.3 Pe son el safety 1

15 Sig naling systems 18

1 1 General 1

1 2 Radio commu ications .1

A nne x A (normative) Requir ements for provisio of wor king spac e l miter s and anti

A nne x B (informative) Towe c ane clmbing o erations 24

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g overnmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lated to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc t o the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO ) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www.iso.org/ iso/for word.html

The commit e r sp nsible for this document is ISO /TC ISO /TC 9 , Cra es, Subcommit e SC 7,

Tower c a es

This se on edition canc ls an r plac s the firs edition (ISO 1 480-3:2 0 ), of w hich it cons itut es a

minor r vision Nota ly, “drive ” has be n r plac d b “o e at or” throughout the t ext

ISO 1 48 consis s of the folowing p rt , un e the g ene al title Cra es — S fe us e:

— Part 1: G ene al

— Part 3 : Towe c ra es

Cranes — Safe use —

Part 3:

This p rt of ISO 1 48 es a l shes r q ir d practic s for the safe use of t owe c anes It is int en ed t o

be used in conju ction with ISO 1 48 -1

Subje t co e ed inclu e safe sy st ems of work, manag ement, planning, sele tion, e e tion an

dismantl ng, spe ial b se, o e ation an maint enanc of c anes an the sele tion of o e at ors, sl ng ers

an signale s

It does not co e man aly (non-powe ed) o e at ed c anes, or c anes in w hich at leas oneof it motions

is man aly o e at ed

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es

ISO 43 6-1, Cra es — Voc ab lar y — Part 1: G ene al

ISO 43 6-3, Cra es — Voc ab lar y — Part 3: Towe c ra es

ISO 99 6-1, Cra es — Trainin o dri ve s — Part 1: G ene al

ISO 99 6-3, Cra es — Trainin o o e ators — Part 3 : Towe c ra es

ISO 99 7-1, Cra es — Ins pec tio s — Part 1: G ene al

ISO 99 7-3:2 0 , Cra es — Ins pec tio s — Part 3 : Towe c ra es

ISO 1 66 -3, Cra es — Ac c es s , g ards a d r s traints — Part 3 : Towe c ra es

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , Cra es — S fe use — Part 1: G ene al

ISO 1 48 , Cra es — Mo itorin fr c ra e des ig workin pe iod

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the t erms an definitions given in ISO 1 480-1, ISO 43 6-1,

ISO 43 6-3 an the folowing a ply

3.1

wor king space lmiter

devic to pr vent a fixed lo d lf ing at a chment and /or p rt of the c ane from entering a prohibited spa ce

Note 1t o entry: Working space limitation is ofen achieved by a combination of diferent limiter

4 Manag ement ofthe l fting operation

4.1 S fety system wor k

ISO 1 48 -1shal a ply

In ad ition, the folowing conside ations shal be taken int o ac ou t

On sit es w he e the e is mor than one t owe c ane, w hich ar not eq ip ed with anti-col ision devic s,

an the e is a p s ibi ty of col ision betwe n c anes, a pe son, designat ed as the c ane co-ordinat or ( e

5 9), an the c ane o e at or shal co rdinat e the seq enc of c ane mo ement t o pr vent col sions

Any cor esp n ing ins ructions from the c ane co-ordinat or t o the c ane o e at ors shal be via the

r spe tive signale s In such cir ums anc s the signale s shal o tain the a r ement of the c ane

co-ordinat or befor car ying out any o e ation

Whe e t owe c anes int er-ar , a ve tical dis anc shal be maintained t o pr vent col sions This

dis anc shal be eithe

a) a minimum clearanc of 3m, or

b) a minimum clearanc of 6 0 mm w hen taking int o ac ount the man factur r’ s defle tions, only

w hen ful detais ar a aia le from the man factur r

The p sitioning of the c ane an comp nent in the out-of-se vic con ition, as spe if ied b the

man factur r’s ins ructions, shal be such that no col sions can take plac [se 1 4 b)]

Cranes should, w he e pos ible, be sit ed such that col sion hazards ar el minat ed or minimised

4.2 Contr ol of the crane operation

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 4.2, shal a ply

4.3 Contractual c onsiderations

It is unl kely that t owe c anes wi l be used in “contract o e ation” ( i.e w he e an “emplo ing

org nisation” ent ers int o a contract with a “ use org nisation” that wi u de take the work on their

In the int er s s of safety the a p int ed pe son shal ar ang e the lf ing pro ramme such that no o e at or

has t o be in att en anc at the control s ation or actualy o e ating the c ane for an u r asona ly long

pe iod, taking int o ac ou t environmental con itions The o e at or shal ha e br aks from the working

activity in l ne with othe pe sonnel on the sit e

5.3 Crane operator

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 5.3.1an 5.3.2, shal a ply

When sele ting t owe c ane o e at ors, it shal be b rne in min that they ma be r q ir d t o clmb t o

conside a le height an t o spen long pe iods of time in isolation

ISO 99 6-1 an ISO 9 2 -3 spe ify the minimum training t o be given t o traine t owe c anes o e at ors

in orde t o develo the o e ational b sic ski l in driving an t o imp rt the r q isit e k ow ledg e for the

cor e t use of these ski ls

In ad ition, the c ane e e t ors should be

a) ful y conve sant with the a pro riat e se tions of the man factur r’ s ins ruction man al, an

b) fami iar with al aspe t of their pe sonal prot ective eq ipment an ca a le of using it cor e tly

5.7 Maintenanc e per onnel

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 5.7, shal a ply

In ad ition, the maint enanc pe son el shal be

a) ful y conve sant with the a pro riat e se tions of the man factur r’ s ins ruction man al,

b) fami iar with the “ pe mit t o work” sy st em w he e it is r q ir d b the safe sy st em of work ( e

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 1 2.2), an a le t o o e at e it cor e tly;

c) fami iar with al aspe t of their pe sonal prot ective eq ipment an ca a le of using it cor e tly

5.8 Inspection per onnel/crane inspector ( or “routine per iodic inspection ”)

5.8.1 Duties

The inspe tion pe son el/c ane inspe t or shal

a) ve ify that

— the documentation is a ai a le,

— the c ane is e e t ed ac ording t o man factur r’s ins ructions,

— the e is no defe t or det erioration on

— thest eel s ructur ,

— me hanisms (brakes), or

— thecontrol sy st em,

— al me hanisms (brakes) ar functioning pro e ly

— al l miting an in icating devic s ar functioning pro e ly, an

b) give a r p rt of the inspe tion t o the a p int ed pe son.

5.8.2 Minimum r equir ements

The inspe tion pe son el/c ane inspe t or shal be

a) compet ent for the ty e of inspe tion being car ied out,

b) a le t o work confidently an safely at height ,

c) conversant with the legislation r lative t o thec ane,

d) conversant with the use of a c ane, an

e) ca a le of ve ifying an r co nizing the imp rtanc of defe t

F or non-routine inspe tion (e.g f irs use inspe tion, inspe tion aft er major r pair or modif ication,

spe ial as es ment) an ex e t engine r is r q ir d S e ISO 9 2 -1, ISO 1 48

5.9 Crane c o-ordinator

5.9.1 Duties

The c ane co-ordinat or should co rdinat e the seq enc of o e ations of t owe c anes on sit es ha ing

mor than one c ane, t o pr vent he col sion of the c anes, component an / r lo ds

c) f it, with particular r g rd t o eyesight, hearing, r flexes an a i ty,

d) ex e ienc d for at leas f ive years in the use of t owe c anes,

e) trained in the t ech iq es of signal ing an with a g ood u de s an ing of han signals for c anes,

f) ca a le of giving pr ciseand clear ins ructions, (e.g ve b l, non-ve b l, a udio),

g) w he e au io eq ipment (e.g radio)is emplo ed, ca a le of o e ating such eq ipment, and

h) ca a le of prod cing a c ane co rdinat or’s plan [se 5.1 1 b)]

5.10 Crane erection supervisor

5.10.1 Duties

The c ane e e tion supe visor is the “e e t or in charg e” , asdetaied in ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 5.6.1

The c ane e e tion supe visor should have the r sponsibi ities of a c ane e e t or an in ad ition

a) be in control of al c ane e e t ors an of any ad itional c anag e an lf ing eq ipment w hich ma

be used in the e e tion/dismantl ng o e ation,

b) pro ide a means for ensuring that the o e ation is car ied out in ac ordanc with the c ane

co-ordinat or’s plan,

c) ensur that ad itional c anag e an eq ipment ar in ac ordanc with that spe ified an pro e ly

c rtified;

d) ve ify that al e e t ors ar eq ip ed with the ne es ary t ools an pe sonal prot ective eq ipment

The a p int ed pe son ( e 5.2) r tains o e al r sponsibi ity for the e e tion/dismantlng o e ation,

inclu ing the plan ing

If the c ane e e tion supe visor has t o lea e the sit e of the o e ation, even for a few min t es, he or she

should a p int anothe suita ly q al f ied membe of his/he t eam t o be in charg e d ring the pe iod

of a senc , in orde t o pr vent any ambiguity as t o the control of the o e ation However, the c ane

e e tion supe visor shal be pr sent d ring al c itical p rt of the o e ation

The c ane e e tion supe visor should att empt t o r main on sit e throughout the w hole of the

e e tion/dismantl ng o e ation

5.10.2 Minimum pr ovisio s

The c ane e e tion supe visor should ha e the same at ribut es as the c ane e e t or and in ad ition

a) ha e at leas f ive years’ ex e ienc in the e e tion an dismantl ng of t owe c anes or simiar

eq ipment, an be trained in the supe visor of such o e ations;

b) be in p s es ion of the man factur r’s ins ruction man al for the p rticular c ane an be fuly

conve sant with this man al,

c) be trained in the control of pe son el car ying out the d ties of e e ting an dismantlng t owe

c anes, an in ensuring that al pe sonsuse their pe sonal prot ective eq ipment cor e tly, an

d) be a le t o conf irm the suita i ity of the eq ipment used in the e e tion proc s

5.11 Other particular s

If the slng er or signale is r q ir d t o car y out a lf ing o e ation w hich is out ide the c ane

co-ordinat or’ s plan, the a p int ed pe son shal be ale t ed

Helmet with chin s ra s should be used w hen working at height

A safety harnes with d al lany rd should be used w he e a pro riat e

Pe sonnel working on t owe c anes should wear suita le fo twear for cl mbing s ructur s

It is r commen ed that ac es t o t owe c anes is prohibit ed t o pe son el w hose pr senc is not

es ential, w he eve p s ible

6.5.2 Boar ding and le vin the crane

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 6.5.2, shal a ply

The a p int ed pe son should ve ify that lad e s, r s platorms an othe means of ac es ar in

ac ordanc with man factur r’s ins ructions

The e e tion supe visor shal ve ify that ac es eq ipment is cor e tly ins aled pro r s ively as e e tion

proc eds, so that the e e tion t eam ha e the benefit of their use Particular att ention should be p id to

a) lad e joint b lt ,

b) guard rai s, p rticularly on r s platorms an inspe tion plat orms,

c) ac es from grou d t o the fo t of the lowes lad e or t o the chas is of the c ane,

d) ac es from levels of the cons ruction t o the c ane

Whe e the c ane ca level is in ex ces of 3 m from thegroun an the e is no ac es from a sup orting

bui ding, it is r commen ed t o ha e a c ane l f or an elev ting control s ation

6.5.3 Instr uction of per o nel

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 6.5.3, shal a ply

6.5.4 Jb and c ounter jib ac c es

A cc s t o an along jibs an cou t er jibs for inspe tion an se vicing shal bemade safe C twalks shal

be pro ided with han raisor safety l ne in ac ordanc with ISO 1 66 -3 Whe e lfel nes ar pro ided,

a suita le devic shal be used in conju ction with the harnes t o pe mit ful pas ag e along the jib

without detachment

NOT Per onal car ying cag es at ached t o the troley may provide suita le alternative safe ac es along the jib

6.5.5 Cab safety

The a p int ed pe son should ve ify that

a) vision p nels in the flo r of ca s or at the o e at or’s fe t ar maintained t o ensur that hey ar a le

t o withs an al or part of the o e at or’ s weight, ar guarded, for ex mple, b a mesh of adeq at e

s r ngth t o car y a pe son weight o e the ar a conc rned,

b) win ow panels in wal s of ca s ar maintained t o ensur that they prot ect a ains being k ocked

outwards t o pr vent pe sons fal ng through the a e tur , an

c) panoramic an simi ar ca s of w hich the t op p rt ma be o ened conform t o national r q ir ment

as a pro riat e

6.6 Fir e ex ting uisher s

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 6.6, shal a ply

Towe c anesshal be eq ip ed with a pro riat e ty es an q antities of fir extinguishe s, w hich shal

be easiy ac es ible t o the o e at or

The o e at or an any othe pe son el lkely t o be in the ca should be adeq at ely trained in the use of

such f ir extinguishe s

6.7 Documentation

F or rat ed ca acity chart , ins ruction man als an t es an ex mination c rtif icat es an r p rt

ISO 1 48 -1shal a ply

The plan or method detai s for the e e tion of t owe c anes should be r tained throughout the d ration

of a c ane’ s se vic on any one contract, t og ethe with calculations an plans for the t ower c ane b se

NOTE It may b neces ary t o refer t o these in the event of a chang of construction in the cour e of the

contract req iring alterations t o b made to the c ane

6.8 Crane operator’s aids

Towe c anes should be pro ided with the fol owing as a plca le:

a) rat ed ca acity lmit er;

b) lo d radius in icat or;

c) motion lmiting devic s;

d) o e lo d cut-out devic s;

e) level in icat or;

f) anemomet er;

g) working sp c l mit ers

Working spac l mit ers ma be a pled t o a single t owe c ane w he e the e is an ar a w hich it shal

not o e sai d ring o e ation, or o e w hich it shal not car y lo ds The principal use of working

sp c lmit ers, howeve , is w he e the e ar two or mor c anes w hich ma int erfe e with each othe ’ s

fr edom of mo ement Such devic s shal lmit the slew, the trol ey motion, or the tra el motion of the

c ane t o pr vent col ision, between the s ructur of one c ane an the ro e or lo d of anothe c ane

( e Annex A)

NOTE It may b considered prefera le t o have these devices eq ip ed t o warn or give information to the

operat or,rather than interfere with the operation of the c ane

Whe e trai ng ca les ar used for communication betwe n one c ane an anothe , conside ation shal

be given t o the means r q ir d t o prot ect them adeq at ely a ains int erfe enc or ac idental damag e

6.9 Other safety provisions

6.9.1 Lightning protectio

Towe c anes should be efe tively earthed

6.9.2 Balast

When b se or counte weight conc et e b l as ne ds to be pro ided, it is important that the b las

shal eithe :

a) ha e be n cons ruct ed in ac ordanc with the c ane man factur r’s design an spe ification; or

b) be of a design w hich has be n a pro ed b the c ane man factur r or compet ent engine r, an

efe tively se ur d t o pr vent ac idental displac ment or r mo al

Only b las blocks ha ing markings showing their cor e t weight shal be used

Sinc the count erweight b l as is at height an the blocks ha e a t en ency t o rub t og ethe d ring c ane

o e ation, pr cautions shal be taken t o pr vent conc et e from fal ng

6.9.3 A lar ms

Rai mou t ed t owe c anes should be fitt ed with an au ible tra el alarm, activ t ed w hen the c ane

s art t o tra el

6.9.4 Sig nboar ds

Signb ards, de orations, outl ne l ght , et c can imp se ad itional lo ding on the c ane and shal not be

fitt ed u les a pro ed b the c ane man factur r

Ele trical sup les t o such eq ipment shal be r s rict ed t o 5 V ma W iring shal be prot ect ed a ains

damag e an shal not c eat e a hazard t o pe son el

7 Selection oftower cranes

S le tion of a t owe c ane should be conside ed b taking the folowing int o ac ou t:

a) ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , Cla use 7 ;

b) pr v i ng win spe ds, w hich can r s rict the use of t owe c anes in c rtain locations an ma

r q ir l miting t ower height or jib length;

c) princip l featur sof the common ty es of t owe c ane, as desc ibed in ISO 43 6-3

W ith a horizontal troley jib, a suita le alowanc ne ds t o be made for defle tion w hen calculating the

clearanc betwe n adjac nt c anes ( e 4.1)

W ith a luffing jib, d e t o the v rying out-of-se vic con itions, p rticular car shal be taken t o o se ve

the man factur r’ s ins ructions

Conside ation shal also be given t o the dismantlng of the c ane onc the s ructur is complet ed,

espe ialy for clmbing c anes

A mo ie towe c ane is p rticular ly suita le w hen conside a le inter-site mo i ty is r q ir d Extra car

shal be taken in ensuring that outriggers, ja cks, etc ar adeq ately sup orted for their imp sed lo ds

Some ve y smal ca acity t owe c anes ar a aia le on traie mou t with pneumatic tyr s These

machines ne d t o be t owed int o p sition an shal be pro e ly mou t ed on their outrigg ers or jacks

befor e e tion or use The man factur r’ s e e tion ins ructions shal be sc upulously o se ved an if

the o e at or is t o e e t and dismantle this ty e ofc ane, he or she shal be spe ifical y trained an ha e

the at ribut es of an e e t or ( e 5.6)

Craw le mou t ed t owe c anes without elf-level ng shal be mo ed only in s rict ac ordanc with the

man factur r’s ins ructions (within the slo e t ole anc s spe if ied) Particular car shal be taken t o

avoid col isions an t o satis y win lmitations

Whe e c anes ar a aia le with r mot e controls, car shal be taken in their sele tion for the folowing

r asons:

a) thec ane o e at or has no “ e l”for the machine and could, u de c rtain cir ums anc s, be t empt ed

t o han le the machine mor dang erously than if the c ane wer o e at ed via a ca in control;

b) infrar d r mot e control ma beunr l a le on t owe c anes if the r c iving sensor rotat es with the

c ane an th s loses algnment with the transmitt er

8 Siting ofcranes

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 8.1, shal a ply A tt ention is drawn t o 4.1

8.2 Crane standing or suppor t c onditions

8.2.1 General

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 8.2, shal a ply

Whe e t owe c anes ar t o be e e t ed close t o the fou dations of exis ing buidings or buidings t o

be cons ruct ed, the a p int ed pe son shal ensur that the grou d is consoldat ed as r q ir d b the

designe

Whe e dis urb nc t o the groun has oc ur ed in the cons ruction of adjac nt fou dations, the designe

shal be consult ed t o ensur that the int egrity or the c ane foun ations ar maintained

When the c ane is mount ed on

— rais,

— spe ial fou dation anchors, or

— an ex enda le t ower se tion, cas int o a conc et e fou dation block,

It is imp rtant that this b se isins aled within the man factur r’ s t ole anc of ac uracy t o ensur that

the e e t ed c ane iswithin o e ational l mit

In c rtain cir ums anc s a c ane shal be tied t o the s ructur it is cons ructing, or held b guy ro es

for any one of the folowing r asons:

a) t o o tain a height in ex ces of the a aia le fr e-s anding heigh

b) t o r s rict he mo ement of the t owe w hen a ai a le sp c is lmit ed;

c) t o comply with the r q ir ment of theoc upie s of adjac nt pro e ties, e.g raiway s

In any of these cases the tying guying ar ang ement should be in ac ordanc with eithe the

man factur r’ s a pro al or calculations car ied out b a compet ent engine r, an shal be at ached t o a

s ructur ca a le of withs anding the imp sed lo ds

8.2.2 Tower crane fou dations

8.2.2.1 Ex pendable base blocks

Minimum dimensions for any ex en a le b se block t og ethe with the o e turning moment an othe

lo ding d ring o e ation and out-of-se vic conditions shal beas spe ified b the c ane man factur r

Ha ing o tained from the c ane man factur r the lo ds imp sed b the c ane (noting that these ma

be net an ex clusive of any impact of safety fact ors), the fou dation shal be designed b a compet ent

engine r so that the grou d bearing ca acity is not ex ce ded

Whe e the b se design l mit the fr e s an ing height of the c ane, the ma imum pe mitt ed fr e

s an ing height shal beclearly s at ed

8.2.2.2 Rai tracks for tower cranes

Rai track shal be made of suita le mat erials an s rict control shal be ex er ised t o ensur that it is not

in any wa a used

Rai track r q ir s ex e tise in it design, la out an ins alation, p rticularly if it is t o be curved

The ar a betwe n the tracks shal neve be used for the st orag e of mat erials or for ac es t o, from

or ac os the sit e The t otal ar a of the rai tracks shal pr fe a ly be fenc d of t o pr vent ac es b

unauthorised pe sons

If the e ne ds t o be a p int at w hich vehicles c os the rai track, this shal be car ful y controled t o

pr vent ac idental col ision, and pr ca utionsshal be taken t o ensur that the track is not o e lo ded b

the vehicles c os ing it

The g ug e of rai tracks shal be maintained b suita le means, e.g tie b rs

Rai tracks shal not bewelded or subje t ed t o heating u les authoriz d b a compet ent metalurgis

En st ops or bufe s shal be p sitively fix ed t o the rai an pr cisely adjust ed t o ensur that he c ane

makes contact with b th sides simultaneously These en st ops shal be shock a sorbing or spru g, an

shal be moved hard a ains the c ane chas is if the machine is t o be used in a s atic p sition for any

pe iod of time Rai st ops shal not be taken int o ac ou t w hen calculating the s a i ity of the machine

Rai clamps w hich the c ane man factur r ma pro ide t o pr vent the c ane from rol ng along the

track in st orm con itions shal be f itt ed w heneve the machine is out-of-se vic If clamps ar not

sup led, adeq at e means shal be ado t ed t o achieve the same r sult

Rai tracks of al ty es r q ir pe iodic inspe tion (ac ording t o the man factur r’s r commen ations,

if a ai a le), an , should any defe t or out-of-level be ome a par nt, cor e tive action shal be ins ig t ed

immediat ely

8.2.2.3 Special base

Whe e the p rticular a plcation cals for a spe ial base ar ang ement, e.g s ructural st eelworks, then

the a p int ed pe son shal ensur that the b se is designed b a compet ent engine r, alowing for the

lo ds imp sed b the c ane, as advised b the man factur r

8.3 Prox imity hazards

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 8.3, shal a ply

9 Erecting, dismantl ng and alteration ofheight

ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 9.1, shal a ply

The plan for the e e tion, alte ation of height an p rticularly the dismantlng of tower c anes

r q ir s car ful conside ation Mos org nisations that e e t tower c anes, eithe for themselves or

for othe s, uti iz some form of pro forma or che k l s to ensur that nothing has be n overlo k ed at

theplan ing s a e

A plan for the e e tion or dismantlng of t owe c anes shal be drawn up b a pe son or pe sons ha ing

actual ex e ienc of these o e ations It is desira le that this information is a aia le in adv nc of the

o e ation so that the pe son el conc rned ma fami iarise themselves with the cont ent It is advisa le

t o con uct a pr -o e ational me ting of the pe son el conc rned in orde t o r view plan ed proc d r s

an t o as ign d ties The plan shal deal with the folowing:

a) theformat in w hich the c ane is t o be transp rt ed t o or from the sit e;

b) thesele tion of c anes that wi l be r q ir d t o as is in the e e tion/dismantlng proc s , espe ialy

conside ing the r mo al of comp nent from a height F or ex mple, w hen r mo ing a se tion such

as a jib from an e e t ed t owe c ane, the as is ing c ane wi l be car ying the entir lo d with no

o p rtu ity for safely r placing it onc the at achment pins ha e be n r mo ed In this case it

ma be desira le for the c ane t o ha e some ex ces ca acity t o alow for any e ror r sulting in the

su den r lease of a comp nent Un e no cir ums anc s shal the c ane used in the dismantlng

o e ation be used t o br ak a lo d fr e When r q ir d, a method of jacking or othe means shal be

used t o prise the lo d fr e aft er the initial t ension is taken b the c ane

c) thea aia i ty of ac es t o the sit e for the vehicles involved in transportation as wel as the c ane()

used for e e tion;

d) thegroun con itionsfor the e e ting c ane;

e) thefr e s an ing height t o w hich the c ane wi l be e e t ed an the length of the jib;

f) pro imity hazards (att ention is drawn t o of ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 8.3);

g) any spe ial z d l f ing g ear that wi be r q ir d in the course of this e e tion;

h) l aison with oc upie s of neighb uring pro e ties;

i) contact with local authorities or othe b dies r q iring s atut ory notif ication;

j) ar ang ement for any ne es ary ro d closur s;

k) thepro ision of a radio lc nc w he er q ir d, a aia le from the a pro riat e authorities;

l) the a aia i ity on sit e of a compr hensive maker’ s e e tion/dismantlng o e ation man al, in the

languag e u de st ood b the e e tion t eam

The ar a in w hich a t ower c ane is t o be e e t ed, alt er d in height or dismantled shal be ro ed or

fenc d of an al pe sonnel not immediat ely con e t ed with this d ty shal be ex clu ed It is advisa le

t o con uct a pr -o e ational me ting of the pe son el conc rned t o r view planned proc d r s an t o

The e e tion, dismantl ng an alt eration of the height of t owe c anes shal be car ied out b spe ial s

pe sonnel u de the contin ous control of the c ane e e tion supe visor an in ac ordanc with the

man factur r’ s ins ructions This supe visor shal be given the a uthority t o st op the o e ation if he or

she conside s such action is war ant ed b grou d con itions, weathe , o s ruction or any othe cause

The c ane e e tion supe visor shal be in close laison with the sit e manag ement an shal car fuly

conside any comment or warnings that manag ement, any membe s of the sit e t eam, or any othe

a pro riat e pe son or b dy ma make

9.5 Contr ol

In the case of e e tion, dismantlng or alt eration of height of t ower c anes, the pe son a point ed t o

control the lf ing o e ation shal also take control of any ad itional c ane w hich ma be used in the

course of such an o e ation, an be fami ar with detais of that c ane, t o faci tat e the car ying out of

the d ties, asdetaied in ISO 1 48 -1:1 9 , 4.2 an 4.3

The a point ed pe son shal also ensur that the o e ation is un e the cons ant supe vision of the

c ane e e tion supe visor

9.6 Inspection before erection

Al p rt shal be inspe t ed prior t o e e tion t o ve ify they belong t o the c anebeing e e t ed an ar in

g ood con ition, fr e from defe t

Slnging p int shal be identif ied for al comp nent

NOTE Un er certain cir umstances it may b ad anta e us to car y out an inspection of the t ower c ane

b fore it is delivered from the su plier t o the user, but an on-sit e inspection is stil req ired

Towe c anes shal not be e e t ed alt er d in height or dismantled in weathe con itions l kely t o

afe t the s a i ity of the c ane or it comp nent , e.g high win s (r fe enc shal be made t o the

man factur r’s ins ructions for, the ma imum pe mis ible win spe d for these particular o e ations)

or un e con itions of impair d visibi ity, e.g fo

Mor s ring ent r s rictions on win spe d a ply t o height ened c anes

This ty e of work shal be a oided if the conditions (e.g ic on comp nent p rt , walkwa s) ar lkely t o

en ang er the e e t ors

9.8 Manufacturer’s erection, alteration of heig ht and dismantl ng instructions

The c ane man factur r’s ins ructions shal be closely folowed Any dep rtur s from the spe if ied

seq ential proc d r shal be a pro ed b the designe or anothe compet ent engine r, t o ensur

s a i ty of the c ane an t o ensur that tructural an me hanical p rt ar not subje t ed t o ex ces ive

lo ding This is p rticularly important w hen a clmbing frame is uti iz d t o alt er the working height of

the c ane

NOTE Man t ower c ane man facturer lay down specif ic inspections an checks to b car ied out in their

erection an dismantling man al F or e ample, it is important to ensure that the lubrication req irements of

t ower joint b lts with the specif ied gre se /oil are met b fore ap lying torq e

9.9 Tower crane cl mbing

9.9.1 General

Towe c ane clmbing is the activity of alt ering the height of a t ower c ane using purp se bui t jacking

eq ipment The t erm “clmbing” means inc easing or de r asing the t owe height

F or r asons of clarity, the two main methods of t owe c ane cl mbing ar desc ibed in Annex B