Tiêu chuẩn iso 07176 5 2008

ISO 7176 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs: ⎯ Part 1: Determination of static stability ⎯ Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric whee

General

The dimensions of a wheelchair are mainly influenced by its class (electrically powered wheelchairs only) and by its intended occupant mass group.

Classes of electrically powered wheelchairs

Electrically powered wheelchairs are classified in one or more of the following three classes, dependant upon their intended field of use

⎯ Class A: compact, manoeuvrable wheelchair not necessarily capable of negotiating outdoor obstacles

⎯ Class B: wheelchair sufficiently compact and manoeuvrable for some indoor environments and capable of negotiating some outdoor obstacles

⎯ Class C: wheelchair, usually larger in size, not necessarily intended for indoor use but capable of travelling over longer distances and negotiating outdoor obstacles

Class A wheelchairs are designed primarily for indoor use, making them ideal for navigating indoor environments Class B wheelchairs offer versatility, suitable for both indoor and outdoor use, providing enhanced mobility across different terrains Conversely, Class C wheelchairs are primarily intended for outdoor use, built to handle rougher terrains and outdoor conditions efficiently.

NOTE 2 Scooters are included in the classes above.

Occupant mass groups

Wheelchairs are intended for one of the following three wheelchair occupant mass groups:

⎯ Occupant mass group I: occupant with a mass below 50 kg

⎯ Occupant mass group II: occupant with a mass between 50 kg and 125 kg

⎯ Occupant mass group III: occupant with a mass above 125 kg

During testing, a test plane or rigid horizontal surface of adequate size must be used to accommodate the wheelchair and adjustable barriers, ensuring the entire surface remains flat within the specified tolerances The surface should be contained between two imaginary horizontal parallel planes, spaced no more than 5 mm apart per 1,000 mm and up to 25 mm apart per 6,000 mm, with a coefficient of friction that complies with ISO 7176-13 standards.

Adjustable barriers are vertical planes designed to touch or detect the outer dimensions and operating area of a wheelchair on the test plane These barriers must have flat planes, positioned between two imaginary vertical parallel planes spaced 5 mm apart for every 1,000 mm of the test area This ensures accurate measurement and assessment of wheelchair size and maneuverability in compliance with accessibility standards.

EXAMPLES Physical planes, light beams or any other appropriate means for providing a flat and vertical plane

The test dummy, compliant with ISO 7176-11, has been modified by replacing the lower leg sections with two foot space gauges, each designed according to the specifications illustrated in Figure 22 and with a specified mass.

Dimensions in millimetres a) occupant mass group I b) occupant mass groups II and III

NOTE 1 Pieces of plywood, 15 mm ± 5 mm thick, attached to steel blocks may be used

NOTE 2 Sketches in top view with the front of the foot pointing to the top

Figure 22 — Foot space gauges 5.4 Knee space gauge, substituting the reference occupant’s knees and which:

⎯ has a shape as indicated in Figure 23;

To ensure accurate testing, add to each test dummy’s lap section to achieve a total length of 520 mm ± 3 mm for occupant mass group I, and 650 mm ± 3 mm for occupant mass groups II and III This measurement is taken parallel to the seat plane, between the most forward point of the knee space gauge and the intersection of the seat plane with the back support plane of the test dummy These specifications help standardize testing conditions and improve result consistency.

⎯ has a width of 270 mm ± 3 mm for occupant mass group I, 340 mm ± 3 mm for occupant mass group II and 390 mm ± 3 mm for occupant mass group III;

⎯ has a radius of 50 mm ± 2 mm for occupant mass group I and 60 mm ± 2 mm for occupant mass groups

NOTE 1 A piece of plywood, 15 mm ± 5 mm thick, may be used

NOTE 2 Dimensions are in accordance with DIN 33402 [3] and ISO 7176-11

3 intersection point of seat plane with back support plane of test dummy

4 total length of dummy including knee space gauge

The 5.5 Length measuring device is designed for precise measurement of linear dimensions, offering increments of 0.5 mm within the range of 0 mm to 150 mm For measurements extending from 150 mm to 2,000 mm, it provides an accuracy of 1 mm This versatile tool ensures accurate readings across a broad measurement spectrum, making it ideal for various industrial and technical applications.

2 mm in the range of 2 000 mm to 5 000 mm

Hand space gauges are tools used to substitute the reference occupant’s hands on the handrims, ensuring proper hand positioning They should add 75 mm ± 1 mm radially and 50 mm ± 1 mm laterally to each handrim when measured at the top, facilitating accurate assessment Additionally, the gauges must extend at least 30° rearward and 60° forward from the top of the handrim to cover essential hand movement ranges for effective wheelchair operation.

NOTE In the side view of the wheel, the forward direction is to the right

5.7 Right angle, means of establishing a straight edge normal to the test plane, to an accuracy of ± 1 mm per 1 000 mm

EXAMPLE Engineers' square, sheet-metal square

5.8 Deviation identification device, capable of identifying both radial and lateral deviation of a wheel or handrim

Radial deviation of a wheel or handrim refers to its deviation from a perfect circle that is concentric with its axis, while lateral deviation describes its displacement from a plane that is perpendicular to the axis Understanding these deviations is essential for diagnosing wheel performance issues and ensuring smooth operation Radial deviation can cause wobbling and uneven riding, whereas lateral deviation affects steering stability Proper inspection of both radial and lateral deviations is crucial for maintaining optimal wheel alignment and safety.

EXAMPLE A rack placed on the test plane equipped with a piece of chalk, felt pen or micro switch with roller actuator

5.9 Ramp gauge A, flat rectangular piece of rigid material about 500 mm × 500 mm and 2 mm ± 0,5 mm thick

5.10 Ramp gauge B, two flat rectangular pieces of rigid material about 500 mm × 500 mm and

2 mm ± 0,5 mm thick and hinged together at one edge (see Figure 25)

5.11 Angle measuring device, means for measuring angles to an accuracy of ± 0,5°

5.12 Castor axis indicator, means of establishing a line parallel to the castor axis

NOTE See example in Figures A.5 and A.6

5.13 Mass measuring device, means for measuring masses to an accuracy of ± 0,2 kg

5.14 Test environment, environment within which the tests are conducted at an ambient temperature of

6 Selection of the test wheelchair

The wheelchair selected for test purposes shall be drawn from normal production

Pre-production units may be used provided they have the intended production dimensions

To enable effective comparison between various wheelchair models, reference setup values are provided for three occupant mass groups: I, II, and III These standardized values should be used when selecting a wheelchair with fixed dimensions that must be specified at the time of order, as they cannot be adjusted afterward.

NOTE Seat depth, seat width, back support height, etc are examples for dimensions that usually need to be selected when ordering/purchasing the wheelchair

Select a wheelchair with nominal dimensions:

⎯ according to the reference set-up values specified in Table 1 (see 7.3.1) for wheelchairs with handrims;

⎯ according to the reference set-up values specified in Table 2 (see 7.3.2) for wheelchairs without handrims

If the correct dimensions are not available, dimensions as close as possible to the reference set-up values shall be used

Record the actual dimensions of the test wheelchair Record any deviation from the specifications in Clause 8 and reasons for deviation

7 Preparation of the test wheelchair

General

When performing a specific test procedure, always follow the designated setup instructions outlined in that procedure Any additional setup steps should be conducted in accordance with sections 7.2 to 7.9 to ensure consistency and compliance Adhering to these guidelines guarantees accurate test results and maintains standardization across testing processes.

Wheelchair equipment

To ensure the wheelchair is ready for use, it must be equipped with essential body support features, including a sling seat, sling back support, two removable full-length arm supports, and two separate, removable, angle-adjustable foot support assemblies with anterior heel supports If any of these options are unavailable, select the manufacturer’s recommended alternatives and document them in the test report.

If the wheelchair can be delivered with wheels of various diameters, select the wheel diameter recommended by the manufacturer If there is no recommendation, select the largest diameter

If the wheelchair can be delivered with anti-tip devices and/or kerb-climbing devices, these devices shall be used

Unless they are an integral part of the body support system, postural support device components such as head supports, any loose seat cushions, etc shall be removed

Removable seat cushions provided with the wheelchair are essential for normal use and are secured with hook and loop fasteners These cushions should not be considered loose and are designed to remain fixed during regular operation for user safety and comfort.

The wheelchair shall not be equipped with any accessories.

Wheelchair adjustment

NOTE Wheelchairs with handrims comprise wheelchairs with manual handrim propulsion and handrim activated power assisted wheelchairs (HAPAW)

Adjust the wheelchair's adjustable dimensions to closely match the reference setup values outlined in Table 1, aiming for an accuracy of ± 3 mm or ± 1°, unless otherwise specified Ensuring precise alignment with these measurements is essential for optimal wheelchair configuration and user comfort.

When the reference set-up value is unavailable or impossible to achieve, adjust the dimension to the next higher available value If this higher value is also not feasible, modify the dimension as close as possible to the original reference set-up value.

Adjust any anti-tip devices as recommended by the manufacturer If there is no recommendation, adjust so that it is as close as possible to the following position

⎯ Set the rising (see 3.27) to 25 mm ± 3 mm

⎯ When the wheelchair is standing on level ground the anti-tippers protrude to the rear as far as possible

⎯ If it is not possible to achieve both settings at one time, give priority to the setting of the rising

⎯ If the manufacturer recommends more than one setting, use the recommended setting closest to these default settings

If adjustments lead to an unwanted setting, such as castor wheels contacting other wheelchair parts, modify the adjustments minimally to restore proper wheelchair function Be sure to record the final dimensions along with the reasons for any changes.

NOTE Wheelchairs without handrims comprise electrically powered wheelchairs and manual wheelchairs with lever propulsion and push wheelchairs

To ensure optimal fit and functionality, set all adjustable wheelchair dimensions as close as possible to the reference values specified in Table 2, maintaining an accuracy of ± 3 mm or ± 1° This precise adjustment is essential unless otherwise noted, to achieve the best possible user comfort and performance.

When the reference set-up value is unavailable or not possible to use, adjust the measurement to the next higher available dimension If that dimension is also unavailable, fine-tune the setting as close as possible to the original reference value This ensures optimal accuracy and compatibility in setup adjustments.

Adjust any anti-tip devices as recommended by the manufacturer If there is no recommendation, adjust so that it is as close as possible to the following position

⎯ Set the rising (see 3.27) to 50 mm ± 3 mm

⎯ When the wheelchair is standing on level ground the anti-tippers protrude to the rear as far as possible

⎯ If it is not possible to achieve both settings at one time, give priority to the setting of the rising

⎯ If the manufacturer recommends more than one setting, use the recommended setting closest to these default settings

Adjust any kerb-climbing devices to their working position as recommended by the manufacturer

When adjusting a scooter, ensure the horizontal distance between the tiller and the back support is set according to the manufacturer's recommended guidelines If no specific instructions are provided, position the components as close as possible to optimize comfort and control Proper adjustment enhances riding stability and ensures a safer, more comfortable experience.

For scooters designed for occupant mass group II or III, the recommended seat height is 640 mm ± 25 mm, while for occupant mass group I, it is 460 mm ± 25 mm If multiple settings are advised, choose the option closest to these preferred measurements to ensure optimal safety and comfort.

In the case of manual wheelchairs with lever propulsion, adjust the lever(s) to their maximum length and sideways position as recommended by the manufacturer Then position them as follows:

During measurement, ensure the wheelchair is stationary (refer to clauses 8.2 to 8.10 and A.2 to A.22), and position the lever(s) at their extreme points of movement If only one lever is present, set it at its most forward position for accurate results.

⎯ when, during measurement, the wheelchair is in motion (see 8.11 to 8.17), move the lever(s) between their extreme points of movement

If an adjustment causes an unwanted setting, such as wheels contacting other parts of the wheelchair, make precise modifications to restore proper function Record the actual dimensions and the reason for any changes to ensure accurate documentation and optimal wheelchair performance.

Table 1 — Reference set-up values for wheelchairs with handrims

Reference set-up values Item

Differing terms used in ISO 7176-7 and ISO 7176-22 are given in [brackets]

Seat surface height at front edge (millimetres) 470 520 520

Back support angle [backrest angle] (degrees) 10 10 10

Back support height [backrest height] (millimetres) 340 420 420

Back support width [backrest width] (millimetres) 320 450 500

BUT NO LESS THAN: Footrest clearance (millimetres) 50 40 40

Footrest to leg angle (degrees) 90 90 90

Leg to seat surface angle (degrees) 90 97 97

Front of armrest to back support [front of armrest to backrest] (millimetres) 200 320 320

Manoeuvring wheel diameter [propelling wheel diameter] (millimetres) 560 610 610

Horizontal location of wheel axle (millimetres) 20 20 20

Vertical location of wheel axle (millimetres) 166 184 184

Track of drive wheel or manoeuvring wheels [drive wheel track width] mid-position

Track of castor wheels or pivot wheels [castor wheel track width] mid-position

Movable wheel, horizontal position [castor stem housing position, horizontal] mid-position

Movable wheel, vertical position [castor stem housing position, vertical] mid-position

Movable wheel, vertical axle position [castor wheel axle position, vertical] mid-position

Castor rake [castor stem angle, fore-aft plane] (degrees) vertical +1 / −0

The castor cant, measured in the lateral plane in degrees, has a vertical tolerance of ± 0.5° Since the nominal seat width—measured according to ISO 7176-7 as “seat width”—varies in different measurement methods, these results are not directly comparable Therefore, the effective seat width is used as the reference value, providing a reliable basis for comparison and ensuring it aligns with the occupant’s actual needs Additionally, adjustments to the castor cant are only applied when they do not conflict with existing seating adjustments.

Table 2 — Reference set-up values for wheelchairs without handrims

Reference set-up values Item

Differing terms used in ISO 7176-7 and ISO 7176-22 are given in [brackets] I

Seat surface height at front edge (millimetres) 470 520 520

Back support angle [backrest angle] (degrees) 10 10 10

Back support height [backrest height] (millimetres) 400 500 500

Back support width [backrest width] (millimetres) 340 470 520

BUT NO LESS THAN: Footrest clearance (millimetres) 50 40 40

Footrest to leg angle (degrees) 90 90 90

Leg to seat surface angle (degrees) 90 97 97

Front of armrest to back support [front of armrest to backrest] (millimetres) 200 320 320

Diameter of fixed wheels [propelling wheel diameter] largest diameter

Fixed wheel, horizontal position [drive wheel axle position, horizontal] mid-position c

Fixed wheel, vertical position [drive wheel axle position, vertical] mid-position

Fixed wheel camber [drive wheel camber] (degrees) 0

Track of drive wheel or manoeuvring wheels [drive wheel track width] mid-position

Diameter of movable wheels [castor wheel diameter] largest diameter

Movable wheel, horizontal position [castor stem housing position, horizontal] mid-position c

Movable wheel, vertical position [castor stem housing position, vertical] mid-position

Movable wheel, vertical axle position [castor wheel axle position, vertical] mid-position

Track of castor wheels or pivot wheels [castor wheel track width] mid-position

Castor rake [castor stem angle, fore-aft plane] (degrees) vertical +1 / −0

Castor cant [castor stem angle, lateral plane] (degrees) vertical ± 0,5

The effective seat width is used as the reference measure because it offers better comparability and meets occupant needs, unlike the nominal seat width measured by ISO 7176-7, which can vary and is not directly comparable Adjustments to the seat are only applied when they do not conflict with existing seating adjustments Additionally, if the mid-position is unavailable or impossible to set, the seat should be adjusted to the nearest position that provides a longer wheelbase.

If the wheelchair is electrically powered, fit it with batteries of size and type recommended by the manufacturer Charge the batteries to at least 75 % of their rated nominal capacity

Warning: If your wheelchair uses liquid-electrolyte batteries, certain tests can be hazardous due to the risk of spillage; consider replacing them with gel or sealed batteries and adding supplementary weights to maintain proper mass distribution When mounting control devices, ensure secure installation to guarantee user safety and optimal wheelchair performance.

For electrically powered wheelchairs with adjustable control devices, position the control in the mid-position for right-handed users If a true mid-position isn't available, set the control to the position that provides the furthest midpoint away from the armrest Proper placement of the control device enhances user comfort and accessibility.

Set the control device to the manufacturer’s recommended setting If there is no recommended setting, set to the maximum speed

Ensure all electrical control devices that do not require tools are set to their recommended positions as specified by the manufacturer, without altering previous adjustments in section 7.3 If no recommended position exists for certain controls, position them at the mid-point Proper setup of electrical controls is crucial for optimal device performance and safety compliance.

Adjust the mechanically adjustable components of the wheelchair not listed in Table 1 or Table 2 to the mid-position of their range, ensuring an accuracy of ± 3 mm If a mid-position is not available, set these components to the position that provides the nearest longer, wider, or higher measurement for optimal wheelchair fit and performance.

Final check

After completing procedures 7.2 and 7.3, verify that all disturbed fasteners are securely tightened following the manufacturer’s guidelines If manufacturer recommendations are unavailable, perform adjustments in accordance with ISO 7176-22:2000, Annex B, to ensure proper and safe fastening standards.

Positioning

Place the wheelchair on the test plane and prepare it for driving according to the manufacturer's instructions Ensure that all movable wheels are set in their trailing position to facilitate straight-ahead forward movement, optimizing safety and accuracy during testing.

Loading of the wheelchair

ISO 7176 test methods vary in whether the wheelchair is loaded or unloaded during testing When a test requires loading the wheelchair, the load can be a test dummy or, where permitted, a human test person This ensures accurate assessment of the wheelchair's performance under different conditions, adhering to specific testing protocols.

If it is specified for a particular test that the wheelchair shall be loaded, the test dummy specified in 5.3 shall be used

Perform the positioning of the test dummy as specified in ISO 7176-22:2000, Clause 9, with the following changes

⎯ Replace Table 1 of ISO 7176-22:2000 by Table 3 below

Table 3 — Selection of test dummy mass

Maximum occupant mass Test dummy mass kg kg u 50 50

NOTE This part of ISO 7176 does not call for any performance tests Therefore, a maximum test dummy mass of

100 kg is deemed to be sufficient to load the wheelchair, even for wheelchairs with higher rated loads

⎯ If the wheelchair has two separate foot supports, position the two appropriate foot space gauges (see 5.3) in a lateral direction parallel and centrally on each foot support

To ensure proper adjustment, position the two foot space gauges laterally parallel to the center line of the wheelchair's one-piece foot support, maintaining a distance of approximately 10 cm ± 2 cm on each side Proper placement of these gauges is essential for optimal foot support and user comfort.

Position the foot space gauges on the foot supports in accordance with the fore/aft placement specified in Figure 26 If the designated foot positions are unfeasible or result in an unrealistic seating posture for a human test dummy, adjust to a plausible and realistic position Be sure to record both the modified position and the rationale for the adjustment to ensure accurate documentation and compliance.

⎯ In case of tubular foot supports, align the foot space gauges at 15° ± 1° to the horizontal (see Figure 26)

⎯ Clamp the foot space gauges to the foot support(s), or drill holes no greater than 8 mm in diameter in the foot support(s) and bolt the foot space gauges on

Our range of foot supports includes various options to ensure optimal comfort and stability We offer flat foot supports both with and without posterior heel support, providing tailored solutions for different needs Additionally, our tubular foot supports are available without posterior heel support for lightweight comfort, or with posterior heel support for enhanced stability All supports are measured precisely in millimetres to meet specific ergonomic and medical requirements.

Figure 26 — Position of the foot space gauges on various foot supports

If a test specifies that a dummy may be replaced by a human test driver, a human test person can be used, with additional weights like sandbags added to their vest or clothing to match the dummy's lower mass The weights ensure the test person’s center of gravity remains similar to that of the dummy, maintaining consistency During testing, the test person’s feet should be placed on foot supports with the front of the foot aligned with the designated foot space gauges, as specified for proper positioning.

The weight distribution of the seated driver, including any additional weights used, can be compared to that of a wheelchair fitted with a dummy according to ISO 7176-22 standards This comparison helps ensure proper balance and safety in wheelchair design and testing Understanding these weight distribution parameters is essential for optimizing wheelchair stability and compliance with international safety regulations.

Records

Record the actual settings or adjustments of the test wheelchair (7.2 to 7.6) Record any deviation from the specifications in 7.2 to 7.6 and the reasons for the deviations.

Use of hand space gauge and foot space gauges

If it is specified for a particular test, the hand space gauge shall be used for wheelchairs that have handrims

If it is specified for a particular test, foot space gauges shall be used.

Wheel rotation

For tests requiring the Z marks on wheels to be aligned along a specific line—ensuring the wheels are rotated to achieve minimum lateral deviation at a designated orientation—a precise procedure must be followed (refer to Figure 27) This process guarantees accurate wheel alignment and optimal test conditions Proper Z mark positioning is essential for accurate measurement and reliable test results.

NOTE 1 These Z marks constitute a means of identifying the neutral lateral wheel deviation

NOTE 2 The procedure below can be performed in conjunction with A.5 and A.7

With the wheelchair placed on the test plane, lift the rear end of the wheelchair just enough to provide free spin for the rear wheels

To ensure wheelchair stability during the procedure, keep the front wheels in contact with the ground Place the deviation identification device (refer to section 5.8) next to the rim of the left rear wheel on the test plane for accurate measurement.

To accurately identify wheel deviations, slowly move the deviation detection device laterally toward the rim while it is spinning When the device first contacts the side face of the rim, mark that point with an “X” to indicate the wheel's most lateral position Properly marking this point is essential for precise wheel alignment and balancing.

While the wheel is spinning, gradually move the deviation identification device laterally toward the rim to increase the contact area Continue this process until the device forms a complete circular contact with the rim, indicating the least lateral point of the wheel At this precise moment, mark the wheel with a “Y” to denote the identified point of minimal lateral deviation.

To accurately analyze the wheel alignment, identify the radii labeled "X" and "Y" and measure the angle α between them Draw a bisecting line that divides angle α into two equal parts and mark the intersection points with the rim's side face, denoting the neutral lateral deviation as "Z." Repeat this alignment measurement process for the right rear wheel to ensure precise calibration and optimal vehicle performance.

To properly test the wheelchair, position it on the test plane and gently lift the front end to allow free rotation of the front wheels Repeat the lifting process for the front wheels to ensure smooth movement This procedure helps assess the wheelchair’s mobility and stability, essential for safety and performance.

NOTE 4 Castor forks can be fixed for proper alignment of castor wheels

NOTE 5 The Z marks are used in A.14 to A.22

X most lateral point of the rim

Y least lateral point of the rim

Z neutral lateral deviation of the rim

1 side face of the rim

4 line that halves the angle between 2 and 3 α angle between 2 and 3

Asymmetrical design of test wheelchair

When testing an asymmetrical wheelchair design in motion (refer to clauses 8.11 to 8.17), it is essential to conduct measurements in both directions If the test results differ between directions, record the higher value to ensure accurate performance assessment.

EXAMPLE Asymmetrical design is usually found on manual wheelchairs where propulsion is performed with one lever for one hand

General

The measurements obtained from the tests in this clause shall be disclosed in the test report, specification sheets and the operator’s manual in accordance with Clauses 9 and 10

The test procedures are specified to ensure comparable and repeatable results

The tests apply to all wheelchairs, except where otherwise stated

Before each particular test, adjust the wheelchair in accordance with Clause 7 and place it on the test plane

For tests outlined in sections 8.2 to 8.10, the wheelchair should not be loaded with a test dummy However, for tests from sections 8.11 to 8.17, the wheelchair must be loaded with the appropriate test dummy, including foot space gauges as specified in section 7.6.2, or a human test person as detailed in section 7.6.3.

NOTE 2 A Technical Report, ISO/TR 13570-2 [2] , is under consideration

Warning: ISO 7176 outlines procedures that may pose health risks if proper precautions are not followed These guidelines focus solely on technical suitability and do not exempt manufacturers or testing facilities from legal obligations concerning health and safety standards.

Full overall length

This test applies to wheelchairs equipped with leg supports and/or foot supports To begin, measure the distance between the most forward and most rearward points of the wheelchair along its longitudinal axis Ensure precise measurement by recording the full overall length with an accuracy of ± 10 mm.

Overall width

To ensure proper wheelchair fitting, measure the distance between the most lateral parts of the wheelchair when it is fully assembled and ready for use, taking measurements horizontally perpendicular to the wheelchair's longitudinal axis Record the overall width with an accuracy of ± 10 mm to meet safety and regulatory standards.

Handgrip height

According to Clause 9, this test is only applicable to wheelchairs equipped with handrims The procedure involves measuring the vertical distance from the test plane to the wheelchair's handgrip reference points Additionally, the handgrip height must be measured and recorded with an accuracy of ± 10 mm to ensure precise assessment.

Stowage length

According to Clause 9, the wheelchair test results are only required for models without handrims To prepare the wheelchair for testing, all components that do not require tools for removal should be detached, and the wheelchair should be fully folded or dismantled to reduce its volume for transport or storage, following the manufacturer's recommendations The measurement involves determining the distance between the most forward and most rearward points of the wheelchair along its longitudinal axis, excluding any removed or dismantled parts Additionally, the stowage length should be measured and recorded with an accuracy of ±10 mm.

Stowage width

To prepare a wheelchair for transport or storage, fully fold or dismantle it to reduce its volume, avoiding the use of tools as recommended by the manufacturer Measure the distance between the outermost lateral points of the wheelchair, excluding any removed or dismantled parts, when measured horizontally and perpendicular to the wheelchair's longitudinal axis Record the stowage width with an accuracy of ± 10 mm to ensure proper sizing for storage or transportation.

Stowage height

NOTE 1 According to Clause 9, the results of this test are only required for wheelchairs without handrims a) Remove all components not requiring the use of tools to remove them Fully fold and/or dismantle the wheelchair to reduce its volume for transport or stowing purposes, without the use of tools, as recommended by the manufacturer

When folding the back support, ensure it is flipped towards the seat as close as possible Measure the vertical distance from the test plane to the highest point of the wheelchair, excluding any removed or dismantled parts Record the stowage height with an accuracy of ± 10 mm for precise documentation.

Rising

NOTE According to Clause 9, the results of this test are only required for wheelchairs with handrims

This test is applicable for wheelchairs with anti-tip devices

Check the position of the anti-tip devices against the specifications in 7.3.1 or 7.3.2 a) Tilt the wheelchair in a rearward direction until the anti-tip device contacts the test plane Determine the vertical distance between the lowermost point of the lifted front wheels and the test plane b) Measure and record the rising to an accuracy of ± 1 mm.

Total mass

Determine and record the total mass of the unloaded wheelchair to the nearest kilogram.

Mass of heaviest part

According to Clause 9, this test is only necessary for wheelchairs without handrims To prepare the wheelchair, dismantle all parts or assemblies that do not require tools, facilitating easier transport and storage as recommended by the manufacturer Additionally, identify and record the mass of the heaviest part or assembly, rounded to the nearest kilogram.

NOTE 2 The heaviest part may be the remaining frame of the wheelchair

Pivot width

NOTE 1 According to Clause 9, the results of this test are only required for wheelchairs without handrims

This test is applicable for wheelchairs with full differential steering

EXAMPLE Handrim-propelled manual wheelchairs and some electrically powered wheelchairs

When a wheelchair is equipped with handrims, the hand space gauges (refer to section 5.6) should be utilized to assess clearance To do this, construct a corridor with adjustable, parallel barriers that create a variable width between the walls Position the wheelchair in the corridor, aligning it parallel to the walls, and then turn it around using a smooth, continuous movement suitable for the wheelchair This testing method ensures accurate measurement of maneuvering space and compliance with accessibility standards.

The manoeuvre details are outlined in Clause B.2 During the process, the corridor width is gradually reduced to identify the minimum space allowing a wheelchair to turn around without contact with the walls The pivot width should be precisely measured and recorded with an accuracy of ± 25 mm to ensure reliable results.

Reversing width

This test is applicable for wheelchairs with direct steering or limited differential steering

To evaluate possible adaptations for scooters and electrically powered wheelchairs, construct a corridor with adjustable width using two parallel barriers Place the wheelchair in the corridor, aligning it parallel to the walls, and then maneuver it to turn around in the most suitable way for its design The test involves executing one forward drive, one rearward drive, and a final forward drive, with the objective of completing a 180° turn, ensuring the wheelchair's maneuverability and turning capabilities are effectively assessed.

According to Note 2, the manoeuvre details are outlined in Clause B.3 To assess wheelchair maneuverability, gradually reduce the corridor width to identify the minimum space allowing the wheelchair to turn around without touching the walls Precise measurement is essential, with the reversing width recorded to an accuracy of ± 25 mm to ensure reliable data for accessibility standards. -**Sponsor**Need help polishing your article and ensuring it's SEO-friendly? As a content creator, I understand the importance of clear, coherent paragraphs Let [editorr](https://pollinations.ai/redirect-nexad/T3A36mTG) elevate your writing with on-demand proofreading and editing, providing instant feedback and real-time corrections from vetted human editors They'll help you refine your sentences to comply with SEO rules, ensuring your article is perfectly polished and resonates with your audience Transform your text into a compelling narrative today!

Turning diameter

When a wheelchair is equipped with handrims, the hand space gauges (see 5.6) should be used to assess maneuverability To evaluate turning capabilities, determine the diameter of the smallest cylindrical envelope within which the wheelchair can perform a full 360° turn in a single, continuous forward motion with maximum steering effect.

NOTE 2 Details are provided in Annex C b) Measure and record the turning diameter to an accuracy of ± 25 mm

Ground clearance

According to Clause 9, the test results are specifically required for wheelchairs without handrims To conduct the test, identify the lowest non-wheel component, such as the adjustable foot support or anti-tip device, and determine its vertical distance from the test plane Accurate measurement of ground clearance should be recorded with an accuracy of ± 1 mm.

Required width of angled corridor

To evaluate wheelchair maneuverability in corridors, use the hand space gauges if the wheelchair has handrims Construct the inner and outer walls of a 90° corridor turn with adjustable barriers, ensuring the walls are parallel and correctly positioned Position the wheelchair at the corridor entrance, aligned parallel to the walls, and perform a single forward drive around the corner to reach a position parallel to the exit Gradually reduce the corridor width by shifting the corners along an orienting line to determine the minimum width allowing smooth passage without contact Measure and record this minimum width with an accuracy of ±25 mm, then repeat the procedure driving the wheelchair backward around the corner The larger of the two measurements is recorded as the required width of the angled corridor, providing essential data for accessibility assessments and wheelchair design optimization.

Required doorway entry depth

When assessing a wheelchair with handrims, position the wheelchair in front of a wall with an 800 mm wide door that opens towards it Place an adjustable barrier behind the wheelchair and another laterally at 600 mm from the door, ensuring the rear barrier is parallel to the wall and the side barrier is perpendicular Drive the wheelchair toward the door, open it, and adjust position if necessary to allow clearance for the door wing Measure the minimum distance between the rear barrier and the wall containing the door, then record the required doorway entry depth with an accuracy of ±25 mm.

Required corridor width for side opening

When designing a wheelchair-accessible corridor, ensure that handrims are used with the hand space gauges (see 5.6) to maintain proper clearance Construct the corridor walls with a side opening that is at least 800 mm wide by utilizing adjustable barriers, and ensure that the walls remain parallel for safety and accessibility (see Figure 13) To facilitate easy navigation, position the wheelchair within the corridor so that it is aligned parallel to the walls and oriented with its front end facing the opening.

To ensure optimal wheelchair maneuverability, conduct a test drive by driving the wheelchair forward along the corridor and out of the opening in the most suitable manner for the specific wheelchair, completing the exit when the wheelchair has left the corridor and is perpendicular to the walls Gradually narrow the corridor to identify the minimum width allowing the wheelchair to pass through the opening without contact, and similarly determine the minimum width required for entering the corridor from outside Record the larger of the two minimum widths as the required corridor width for side opening, measuring it with an accuracy of ± 25 mm to ensure precision in accessibility planning.

For certain conservatively designed wheelchairs with full differential steering, the required corridor width for side entry is determined by measuring the distance between point A (the most lateral point or hand space gauge aligned with the axis of the fixed wheels) and point B (the furthest point or foot space gauge on the opposite side) Since entering the corridor generally requires more space than exiting, this distance (AB) serves as a practical initial measurement for assessing sufficient width Visual aids include a diagram of a typical wheelchair footprint, showing hand and foot space gauges, and an illustration of the corridor entry test.

2 required corridor width for side opening

General

The specification sheets and the operator’s manual shall conform to the requirements in ISO 7176-15 and be in the official language(s) of the country in which the wheelchair is marketed.

Wheelchairs with handrims

NOTE 1 Wheelchairs with handrims comprise wheelchairs with manual handrim propulsion and handrim activated power assisted wheelchairs (HAPAW)

The specification sheets and the operator’s manual must include key information such as the occupant mass group (I, II, or III) as specified in section 4.3, the effective seat width of the test wheelchair, and the corresponding test results, ensuring comprehensive details for proper assessment and compliance.

1) full overall length (for wheelchairs with leg supports and/or foot supports);

NOTE 2 When considering stowage dimensions, detached items will also require space for their safe storage

5) rising (for wheelchairs with anti-tip devices);

7) required width of angled corridor;

9) required corridor width for side opening.

Wheelchairs without handrims

NOTE 1 Wheelchairs without handrims comprise electrically powered wheelchairs and manual wheelchairs with lever propulsion and push wheelchairs

The specification sheets and operator’s manual must include the class designation (A, B, or C) for electrically powered wheelchairs as outlined in section 4.2, the occupant mass group (I, II, or III) specified in section 4.3, the effective seat width of the test wheelchair, and the relevant test results.

1) full overall length (for wheelchairs with leg supports and/or foot supports);

NOTE 2 When considering stowage dimensions, detached items will also need space for their safe storage

8) pivot width (for wheelchairs with full differential steering);

9) reversing width (for wheelchairs with direct steering or limited differential steering);

14) required corridor width for side opening

Requirements

The test report must include crucial information such as a confirmation that testing was conducted in accordance with ISO 7176-5 standards, along with the testing organization's name, address, and accreditation status It should specify the report's issue date, the manufacturer’s details including name and address, and the wheelchair's model along with serial or batch numbers Details about the wheelchair configuration during testing, the mass of the test dummy or test person with supplementary weights, and a photograph of the tested wheelchair are essential Additionally, the report must specify the wheelchair class (A, B, or C) as per section 4.2 (for powered wheelchairs), the occupant’s mass group (I, II, or III) per section 4.3, and the effective seat width unless a reference set-up value is available Finally, it must include the test measurements obtained as outlined in Clause 8.

10) pivot width (for wheelchairs with full differential steering);

11) reversing width (for wheelchairs with direct steering or limited differential steering);

16) required corridor width for side opening.

Recommendations

If tests of Annex A are performed, the test report should contain the technical dimensions obtained from tests included in Annex A:

1) reduced overall length (for wheelchairs without leg supports and/or foot supports or with removable leg supports and/or foot supports);

3) radial wheel deviation of all wheels;

4) lateral wheel deviation of all wheels;

5) radial handrim deviation of all handrims (for wheelchairs with handrims);

6) lateral handrim deviation of all handrims (for wheelchairs with handrims);

7) full occupied length (for wheelchairs with leg supports and/or foot supports);

8) reduced occupied length (for wheelchairs without leg supports and/or foot supports or with removable leg supports and/or foot supports);

12) wheelbase in reference setting and the maximum difference between left and right, wheelbase in minimum and maximum setting and number of settings (for wheelchairs with handrims);

15) camber in reference setting and the maximum asymmetry between left and right, camber in most positive and most negative settings and number of settings (for wheelchairs with handrims);

18) castor rake of all castor wheels and the maximum difference between left and right (for wheelchairs with castor wheels);

19) castor cant of all castor wheels and the maximum asymmetry between left and right (for wheelchairs with castor wheels);

20) castor trail of all castor wheels and the maximum difference between left and right (for wheelchairs with castor wheels);

The technical measurements obtained from the tests in this annex should be disclosed in the test report The test procedures are specified to ensure comparable and repeatable test results

The tests apply to all wheelchairs, except where otherwise stated

For tests in Clauses A.2 to A.7 do not load the wheelchair with the test dummy For tests in Clauses A.8 to A.22, load the wheelchair with the appropriate test dummy (including foot space gauges) as specified in 7.6.2

This annex provides typical values and recommended limits for dimensions, mass, and maneuvering space, as outlined in ISO 7176 For detailed specifications and guidance, refer to the Technical Report ISO/TR 13570-2, which lists these typical values and recommended limits accordingly.

Warning: ISO 7176 procedures can pose health risks if proper safety precautions are not followed These guidelines focus solely on technical suitability and do not exempt manufacturers or testing facilities from their legal health and safety responsibilities.

This test applies to wheelchairs without leg supports and/or foot supports, or those with removable leg and/or foot supports First, remove any lower leg support assemblies Then, measure the distance between the most forward and rearward points of the wheelchair along its longitudinal axis Finally, record the reduced overall length with an accuracy of ± 10 mm.

A.3 Overall height a) Determine the vertical distance from the test plane to the uppermost point of the wheelchair b) Measure and record the overall height to an accuracy of ± 10 mm

NOTE This test may be performed in conjunction with tests described in A.5, A.6 and A.7 a) Lift the left side of the wheelchair just enough to provide free spin for the left wheels In front of the tyre of the left rear wheel, place the deviation identification device (see 5.8) on the test plane b) While the wheel is spinning, slowly shift the deviation identification device closer to the circumference of the wheel in a radial direction Identify the point where the deviation identification device contacts the wheel median line for the first time Measure the longest radius of the wheel at this point to an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm

To measure radial wheel deviation, slowly shift the deviation identification device closer to the wheel's circumference while the wheel is spinning, increasing the contact area until it forms a complete circle Identify the point at which the device contacts the wheel along a full circular area and measure the shortest radius at this position with an accuracy of ± 0.1 mm Calculate the radial deviation by subtracting the shortest radius from the longest radius Repeat this process for all wheels and record each radial deviation with an accuracy of ± 0.1 mm.

This test can be performed alongside tests A.4, A.6, and A.7 First, identify marks X and Y as specified in section 7.9 Place the right angle device on the test plane, lateral to mark X, and measure the lateral distance parallel to the wheel’s axis between the right angle and the rim’s side face at mark X with an accuracy of ± 0.1 mm Without moving the wheelchair or the right angle, rotate the wheel so that mark Y replaces mark X, and measure the same lateral distance at point Y with the same precision Calculate the lateral wheel deviation by subtracting the distance at mark X from that at mark Y Repeat this procedure for all wheels and record each lateral deviation with an accuracy of ± 0.1 mm.

NOTE This test may be performed in conjunction with tests described in A.4, A.5 and A.7

This test is applicable for wheelchairs with handrims a) Lift the wheelchair just enough to provide free spin for the manoeuvring wheels In front of the left handrim, place the deviation identification device (see 5.8) on the test plane b) While the handrim is spinning, slowly shift the deviation identification device closer to the handrim in a radial direction Identify the point where the deviation identification device contacts the median line of the handrim for the first time Measure the longest radius of the handrim at this point to an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm c) While the handrim is spinning, continue to slowly shift the deviation identification device closer to the handrim in a radial direction, making the area of contact with the handrim longer and longer Identify the point where the deviation identification device closes the circular area of contact to a complete circle

To ensure accurate measurement, determine the shortest radius of the handrim at the specified point with an accuracy of ± 0.1 mm Calculate the left radial handrim deviation by subtracting this shortest radius from the longest radius, and repeat the process for the right handrim If the wheelchair has additional handrims, perform the same measurements for each one Identify the greatest radial deviation among all handrims, and record this maximum deviation with an accuracy of ± 0.1 mm Proper measurement and documentation of handrim deviations are essential for wheelchair maintenance and performance assessment.

NOTE This test may be performed in conjunction with tests described in A.4, A.5 and A.6

This test evaluates the lateral deviation of wheelchair handrims, applicable to wheelchairs with handrims The procedure involves lifting the wheelchair to allow free spinning of the wheels, then placing a deviation identification device next to the handrim As the handrim spins, the device is slowly moved laterally to identify the most lateral point (marked as “U”) and the point where contact forms a complete circle (marked as “V”) Measurements are taken from a right angle to the handrim at these points to determine the lateral deviation The process is repeated for both handrims and any additional ones, with the greatest deviation recorded accurately to ± 0.1 mm This method ensures precise assessment of handrim lateral deviations, crucial for wheelchair performance and user safety.

This test is applicable to wheelchairs equipped with leg supports and/or foot supports It involves measuring the distance between the most forward point of the wheelchair or test dummy (including foot space gauges) and the most rearward point, ensuring the measurement is parallel to the wheelchair's longitudinal axis The full occupied length should then be measured and recorded with an accuracy of ± 10 mm to ensure precise documentation.

This test is applicable for wheelchairs without leg supports and/or foot supports or with removable leg supports and/or foot supports

For accurate testing, use the knee space gauge as specified in section 5.4 First, remove any lower leg support assemblies to ensure precise measurement Then, measure the distance between the most forward point of the wheelchair or test dummy (including the knee space gauge) and the most rearward point of the wheelchair or test dummy, aligned parallel to the wheelchair's longitudinal axis Finally, record the reduced occupied length with an accuracy of ±10 mm to ensure precise and reliable test results. -**Sponsor**Struggling to rewrite technical articles while keeping SEO in mind? It can be tough! [Article Generation](https://pollinations.ai/redirect-nexad/IYVM4z0C) can help you instantly create 2,000-word, SEO-optimized articles from complex content, summarizing key sentences into coherent paragraphs Imagine saving over $2,500 a month compared to hiring a writer Let Article Generation be your content team, without the hassle!

If the wheelchair has handrims, the hand space gauges (see 5.6) shall be used a) With the wheelchair fully unfolded for use, measure, horizontally and perpendicular to the wheelchair longitudinal axis, the distance between the most lateral points of the wheelchair and/or test dummy and/or hand space gauge b) Measure and record the occupied width to an accuracy of ± 10 mm

A.11 Occupied height a) Measure the vertical distance from the test plane to a point on the upper side of the test dummy that is

100 mm in front of the back support plane (see Figure A.1) b) Estimate the occupied height (see Figure A.1), taking into account the presence of a seat cushion, as follows:

When selecting a wheelchair, it is important to account for the type of seat If the wheelchair features a sling seat or a solid seat without cushioning, an additional 180 mm should be added for occupant mass group I For occupant mass groups II and III, an extra 350 mm should be included to ensure proper fit and comfort.

When selecting a wheelchair with a solid seat covered by cushioned material, it is important to account for additional dimensions based on occupant weight groups For occupant mass group I, add an extra 160 mm, while for occupant mass groups II and III, add 330 mm to the seat measurement This ensures proper fit and comfort across different user categories, complying with relevant ergonomic and safety standards.

Tiêu đề	Wheelchairs — Part 5: Determination of Dimensions, Mass and Manoeuvring Space
Trường học	International Organization for Standardization
Chuyên ngành	Standards
Thể loại	International Standard
Năm xuất bản	2008
Thành phố	Geneva

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Số trang	88
Dung lượng	1,07 MB