kinh đô hoa lư xưa và nay

Ngd QuyIn d Phong Chau thudc Son Tay, Ha Tay cCi, Dinh Cdng Trii d Trudng Chau Ninh Blnh, la nhiJng tudng tai da theo Duong Dinh Nghe danh quan Nam Han.. Dang sdng thanh nha d noi quan t

LA OANG BAT

Que: Hoa Lu - Ninh Binh Cfl nhan van hoc Hoi vien Hoi VHNT

Ninh Binh

Nghd nghiep: Day hoc

Giii thucimg VHNT Truang Han Sieu tinh

Ninh Binh

Jiai thuong VHNT ciia Uy ban toan quoc lien hiep cac hoi VHNT Viet Nam

KINH DO HOA LlJ

XUa va nay

KYNIEM

1000 NAM THANG LONG - HA N O I

1000 NAM VUA LY THAI TO D O I DO Tir HOA LURA THANG LONG

'Kiiiti (to Ifioa Jiif tit,, „i,

•dC.36

K 3U-9

LA DANG BAT

KINH DO HOA LIT

NHA XUAT BAN VAN HOA DAN TOC

H A NOI - 2009

J^i ^/Miuj nat

JCiult dd JCoa JHU xiia oa naij

LCflNOIDAU

Theo sach Dgi Viet si'f ky loan tJiif thi "Ndm Man

Thin (968) vua (Dinh Tien Hodng) len ng()i, dgt cjut'ic hieu Id Dgi Co Viet, drJi Kinh dp ve dgng Hoa Lie hdt ddu difng do mai"'" thuoc xa Trirong Yen, huyen Hoa

Lu, tinh Ninh Binh

Kinh do Hoa Lu la Kinh do dftu tien cua Nha nu6c phong kien tap quy6n 6 Viet Nam Hoi do, tuy chi mang tinh chat mot quan thanh nhung Kinh do Hoa Lu trai qua 42 nam (968 - 1010) ton tai va gSn bo voi nhieu doi vua cua ba vuong tri6u Dinh, Le, Ly da thuc su la trung tam chfnh tri kinh te, van hoa cua nuoc Dai Co Viet tho'ng nhat, doc lap, tu chu

Kinh do Hoa Lu cung la noi the hien y chf kien cudng, bat khuat chong giac ngoai xam va bao ve T6 quoc, thuc su la mot quan thanh vung chSc

Xa hoi Dai Co Viet khi do rat can mot quan thanh nhu the Vua Dinh Tien Hoang va Vua Le Dai Hanh xay dung Kinh do Hoa Lu 6 xa Trudng Yen, huyen Hoa Lu, tinh Ninh Binh ngay nay la hoan loan phii hop voi tinh

(li- Dill \ ict sir k\ todn thu- NXB KHXH - Ha Noi - 199H- Traiifi 211

Ma ^f>iuu, liul

hinh thuc te ctia nuac Dai Co Vict con non tre liic bay gio

Den dau tridu Ly khi nuoc Dai Co Vict phat trien, Kinh do Hoa Lu dij la mot quan thanh hijng vT, hicin tra nhung lai chat hep chi hop voi the thii ma thoi

Muon cho ntrac Dai Co Viet phat trien hon nua phai

CO the cong Kinh do phai la no'i rong rai, thuan tien ve giao thong thuy bo trung tam ve dia ly, kinh te, nam

1010 Vua Ly Thai T6 da quyet dinh ddi dd tii' Hoa Lu den thanh Dai La (Ha Ndi ngay nay)

Sau khi Vua Ly Thai Td ddi dd nam 1010, Kinh dd Hoa Lu trd thanh Cd dd Hoa Lu

Ngay nay, xa Trudng Yen, huyen Hoa Lu, tinh Ninh Blnh da khac xua rat nhieu, gdm 16 thdn, cd 3.363 hd, khoang 11.274 nhan khau dudng sa, cflu cdng, nha cua khang trang, vung chai va dep de

Tuy da khac xua nhieu nhung van cdn tdn tai d xa Trudng Yen nhu'ng di tfch lich sir ciia Kinh dd Hoa Lu

xua Dd la nhCfng tudng thanh thien nhien, n6n mdng

ciia Ccic tudng thanh nhan tao, nen san ciia cac cung dien, cac ngdi chiia kho tang, ngue that, ddng thdi cdn cd nhiing kien true duac xay dung de thd cac vi vua, cac con vua va cac quan thdi xua d Kinh dd Hoa Lu

Ngay nay, nhung noi dd la cac diem tham quan du lich ciia du khach trong Va ngoai nudc rat hap dan

Tdn/i do 7f>oa Jlir jiitu vd iiuii

KIIMH DO HOA LU

Mti ^/Jf-au, Bdi

'Kinh do '7f)oa Jhr jeitu ixi iiiii/

VI TRI KINH DO HO A LIT

I - TEN GOI VUNG DAT NINH BINH TL' CO XL A DEN

THOINHA LY

Viing dat Ninh Blnh ngay nay tiJ thdi co xua den

thdi nha Ly da cd nhi6u ten goi khac nhau:

- Thdi CO xua thudc dat Nam Giao

- Thdi nha Tan (Trung Qudc) goi la Tuong Quan

- Thdi nha Han (Trung Qudc) goi la Giao Chi

- TCr nha Tan, nha Tuy (Trung Qudc) trd v6 sau thudc

Giao Chau

- Cudi nha Luang (Trung Qudc) thudc huyen Trudng

San, chau Trudng (hoac huyen Nhu Vidn, chau Phiic

Lde)

- TCr nam 968 den nam 1009, tuc la thdi nha Dinh va

Tien Le (Viet Nam) van thudc huyen Trudng San, chau

Trudng (hoac huyen Nhu Vi6n, chau Phiic Loc)

- Nha Ly (1010 - 1225) goi la phu Trudng Yen, sau

goi la chau Dai Hoang

Jlu '^Miiti Jiqt 9

Nhu the Kinh dd Hoa Lu xua thudc xung dat hu\cn

Trudng So'n chau Trudng (cudi nha Luong) Sach "Dgi

Nam nlidf tht'ing chi" cd ghi: ^'ciun doi Ludng (Ninh Binhj Id chdu TruWig Yen Nifdc ta nhd Dinh dtnig Kinh d(') <)' Hoa Lw tiic Id dai ndy d()i Tien Le cung ggi Id chdu Tnayng Yen " ( / /

VI vay vung dat Ninh Binh tCr cudi nha Luang den diiu nhii Ly (1009) goi lii chau Trudng (Trudng Chau) hay chau Trudng Yen Trong chau dd cd Kinh dd Hoa

Lu

H-DC^NG HOALU

Ndi den Trudng Chau phai biet den ddng Hoa Lu Ddng Hoa Lu la noi Dinh Bd LTnh tap Iran cd lau, luyen tap quan sT dc sau nay dii'ng len dep loan 12 sii' quan

Sach "Dgi \'iel sif ky todn thif" cd ghi: "Hg Dinh, ten

huy Id Bi) Linh ngittyi dgng Hoa Lir, chdu Dgi Hodng "' -'

Vay ddng Hoa Lu d dau? Ddng Hoa Lu phai nam trong dat Trudng Chau sau dd goi la chau Dai Hoang Theo

"Dgi Nam nhdt tht'ing chi"', "D(}ng Hoa Lif: a cdch huyen Gia \'ien 33 ddm ve phia tdy hdc, d dia phdn cdc

ill- -Dai Nam uticit ihcmf> clii"- Tdp III - NXB KHXH - Hd Noi - 1971 - Trang 224 (2) - -Dai \ id sirkx todn thif- - Tap I - NXB KHXH - Hd Not - 199H - Trang 210

1 0 'Kiiili dti 1()oa Mir fUu mi iitii/

xd Uv \'ien Uy Te'va Dai Hmr' '' Nhu the cd nghia la

ddng Hoa Lu ngay nay thudc thdn Mai Phuang xa Gia Hung, huycn Gia Vi6n tinh Ninh Blnh Ddng d day khdng phai la mdt dan vi hanh chfnh ma la mdt thung

lung, trong dd cd mdt hang da nhd hep (xem bai "Dgng

Hoa Lif" trong sach nay) Thdi nhd, Dinh Bd LTnh da d

day mdt thdi gian "Dgi Viet sir ky todn thir" cd ghi

"\'//c/ nu') c('>i cha tir he me hg Ddm dira gia fhiujc vdo d

cgnh den So'n Thdn trong dgng"'-'

Tai sao thung lung do goi la Hoa Lu? "Dgi Vier sir

ky todn thir" viet: ''"Phdm khi cho'i diia, (Dinh Bg Linh), thirdng hdt hgn chiing (tre chdn trdu) cheo tay Idm kieu khieng vd cdm hoa lau di hai hen de ririrc nhir nghi tnrgng thien tii"'-'' Riit cd the nai dd cd nhieu hoa lau

nen goi la Hoa Lu Hoa Lu chfnh la hoa lau

HI - KINH DO HOA LU

Sach "Dgi Viet sir lu'oc"" (khuyet danh thdi Tran) cd ghi: "Deii ndm thir nhdi nien hieu Khai Bdo (968) ddi

(1) - -Dill Nam iilidi thdng chi" (SM) - Trang 2.^6

(2) (3) - "Dai Vict st'rky todn thir' - (Schli - Trang 210

Mti ^/)tint/ 9itil 1 1

\'ua Trieu Id Tdng Thdi Td Virang xirng Hodng de d dgng Hoa Lir Rdi dirng cung dien che trieu nghi, sdp ddt trdm quan, lap xd tdc"' "

Den nam 968 nay, Kinh dd ciia Vua Dinh Tien Hoang

dugc nhac den lai la '"d dgng Hoa Lir" Sach "Dgi Viet

sir ky todn thir" cQng ghi.- "IMdu Thin (968) Vua len ngdi, ddt cpidc hieu Id Dgi Co Viet, ddi Kinh dp ve dgng Hoa Lir"<"

"Dgng Hoa Lir" ma hai cudn sii tren nhac den khdng

phai la thung lau d xa Gia Hung, huyen Gia Viln, ma la mdt dia danh, lay ten cua thung Lau dat ten cho mdt

viing da't Y)6 la xa Trudng Yen, huyen Hoa Lu, tinh

Ninh Binh ngay nay Nhu the cd nghia la Kinh dd Hoa

Lu xua thudc xa Trudng Yen, huyen Hoa Lu

Liic diiu, theo "Dgi Viet sir ky todn thir", ""Chgn

diro'c chd dd't dep d Ddm Thdn, vua mudn dirng dd d do, nhirng vi the ddt chat hep Igi khdng co Igi ve viec dgt hiem nen vdn ddng dd d Hoa Lir"'^'

(1) - "Dai \'ict sir Itn/c" (kliuyei danlii NXB thdnh pho Ho Ciii Minli - Bd nidn

Chdu A hoc Dai hoc long hap thdnh plidHd Chi Minh - 1993 - Trang 90 (2i - "DaiVict sirky loan thir" (Sdd) - Trang 210

(3) - "Dai \ let sir ky todn tlur' (Sdd) - Trang 211

1 2 TCiiili ft() 'Jfiofi Mit jcii-ft oil null

Dam Thdn chfnh la dat ciia hai xa Gia ThSng, Gia Tien, huyen Gia Vian ngay nay Nai dd qua la trdng trai, khdng cd niii non bao boc bao ve

Viec chon xa Trudng Yen, huyen Hoa Lu de xay dung Kinh dd Hoa Lu chCrng td Vua Dinh Tien Hoang

rat quan tam tdi yeu td ""thdnli" dt bao ve Kinh dd Hoa

Lu

Xa Trudng Yen hien nay cd dien tfch tu nhien gan 21km-, trong dd dien tfch mil da vdi chie'm hon 960ha Trudc Caeh mang thang Tam nam 1945, xa Trudng Yen goi la long Trudng Yen, gdm 7 lang: Yen Thugng, Yen Trung, Yen Ha, Yen Thanh, Yen Trach, Chi Phong va Lac Hdi, thudc huyen Gia Viln, tinh Ninh Blnh Ngay 1 thang 9 nam 1954 xa Trudng Yen dugc sat nhap vao huyen Gia Khanh, khdng thudc huyen Gia Vien niJa Huyen Gia Khanh sau dugc doi ten la huyen Hoa Lu -lay ten Kinh dd Hoa Lu thdi xua Phfa bac xa Trudng Yen giap sdng Hoang Long, phfa ddng giap hai xa Ninh Giang, Ninh Hoa (huyen Hoa Lu), phfa nam giap hai xa Ninh Xuan, Ninh Hai (huyen Hoa Lu), phfa tay giap xa Gia Sinh (huyen Gia Viln)

Md ^d„q OidI 1 3

Dinh Ticn Hoang xay dung Kinh dd Hoa Lu d xa Trudng Yen xung dang vdi tiim \dc ciia nudc Dai Cd Viet thdng nhat Day la Kinh dd diiu tien ciia che do phong kien Trung uong tap quyIn d Viet Nam Tuy cdn mang tfnh chat ciia mdt quiin thanh nhu'ng thuc su Kinh

dd Hoa Lu da la mdt trung tam chfnh tri kinh te van hoa cua cii nudc khi do

' 4 TCiiili lit') "Jfiou Mif Jiitti Dti iitii/

DINH BO LINH

VA VUNG DAT HOA LU

I - QUE HUONG

Sach "/)(// \'iet sir ky todn thir" cd ghi: ""Hg Dinh

ten huy Id Bg Linh ngirdi dgng Hoa Lir, chdu Dgi Hodng""' " Nhu the que Dinh Bd LTnh la thdn Kim Lu

king Dai Huu, chau Dai Hoang, ngay nay la thdn Viin Bdng, xa Gia Phuang huycn Gia Vicn tinh Ninh Blnh Hicn nay tai xa Gia Phuong cd mdt trai niii ldn d phfa lay nam hinh gid'ng nhu mdt con ky lan nen ggi la nui Ky Lan Tuong truyin d lung chd'ng nui cd mdt khoang dat tuang ddi bang phang giua la md diit noi len, ngudi dan cho dd la md to phat tich cua Dinh Bd Linh, nen dng trd thiinh Vua Dinh Tien Hoang

(h- -Dai \ ict '.irky loan ihu" - Tap I - NXB KHXH - Hd Noi - 1998 - Trang 211)

Md ^fJtiiit/ riitU 1 5

Tai thdn Van Bdng, xa Gia Phuong hien nay cd din thd Vua Dinh Tien Hoang Ngdi din dugc xay dung tCr khi Vua Dinh Tien Hoang mat Qua nhiiu lan trung tu,

ngdi din hien cdn, cd 3 toa, kien trCic theo kilu ""tien

nhdt, hdu dinli" liln nhau (cd nghia la toa thii nhat kien

true theo kieu chir ""nhdt "{Han tu), toa thCr hai va toa thii"

ba kien triic theo kilu chu' "c/////z"XHan tu), liln ngay vdi toa thir nhat

Ngay 8 thang 9 nam 1993, nha nudc da cap bang cdng nhan din la Di tfch Lich sii - Van hoa cap qud'c gia H-GIA DINH

"Dgi Viet sir ky todn thir" ghi: ""Cha cua vua Id Dinh Cong Trd ldm nha tudng cua Dirang Dinh Nghe, dirge Dinh Nghe giao giir chirc quyen Thir sd " Chdu Hoan, sau theo ve vdi Ngd Virang, vdn dugc giu chdc cii rdi mdt Vua md cdi cha td he, me hg Ddm dUa gia thugc vdo d cgnh den San Thdn trong dgng"'-'

Diiu dd khang dinh Dinh Bd LTnh cd gia dinh, cd

bd cd me Truyin thuyet ndi Dinh Bd Linh cd bd la rai

ca la hoan loan bia dat

(1) - Cluic quan cai qudn mot chdu thai Bdc thudc

(2) - "Dai \'iet sir ky todn thu" (Sdd) - Trang 210

1 6 TCiii/i ttt) 7(mu Mif jiita oa iituf

Duang Dinh Nghe (931-937) que d lang Rang, xa Duong Xa, Ai Chau, nay thudc huyen Thieu Hoa, tinh Thanh Hoa Khi quan Nam Han xam luge va dd hd nudc

ta, dng noi day gianh ddc lap Ngd QuyIn d Phong Chau (thudc Son Tay, Ha Tay cCi), Dinh Cdng Trii d Trudng Chau (Ninh Blnh), la nhiJng tudng tai da theo Duong Dinh Nghe danh quan Nam Han Nam 9 3 , Duong Dinh Nghe danh tan quan Nam Han, gianh ddc lap, tu xung la Tiet do sii Ong cii' Dinh Cdng Trii lam Thii su Hoan Chau (Nghe An), Ngd QuyIn lam ThCr sii Ai Chau (Thanh Hoa) Nhu the Dinh Cdng Trii da la mdt tudng tai, mdt dng quan to, dCrng dau mdt chau tCr thdi Duong Dinh Nghe

Nam 937, Kieu Cdng Tien la nha tudng da giet Puong :_

Dinh Nghe, dinh doat chiic Tiet do sii Ngd Quymjchi r c!d la Thii su Ai Chau dem quan ra giet Kilu Cdng Tiln :-

va sau dd danh tan quan Nam Han d sdng Bach' Dang

(nam 938) i - L'J

Nam Ky Hgi (939) Ngd QuyIn xung Vuong ddng

dd d Cd Loa (Ha Ndi) Khi Ngd QuyIn dem quan giet Kilu Cdng Tiln va danh quan Nam Han, Dinh Cdng Trii theo Ngd QuyIn va lap cdng Chfnh vi the, khi Ngd

Md ^dnt, OMl 1 7

QuyIn d ngdi (939 - 944), da giu nguyen chuc cho Dinh Cdng TrCr lam Thu: su Hoan Chau Dinh Cdng Tru liim ThCr sir Hoan Chau dudi hai triiu Duong Dinh Nghe va Ngd QuyIn, tu nam 931 den nam nao khdng rd Sir cu

khdng ghi nam Dinh Cdng Tru mat, chi ghi ".vc/// theo ve

vdi Ngd Vurrng, vdn dugc giu chdc cil, rdi md't" Cd the

phdng doan Dinh Cdng Trii lam Thu sir Hoan Chau tren

10 nam Phai la mdt dng quan trung quan, ai qudc, cd tai nan ?; mdi cd dugc vinh du dd

Dinh Cdng TrCr chfnh la mdt vi quan to, thdng minh, diTc do, yeu nudc, thuong dan

Dinh Bd LTnh da cd mdt ngudi bd nhu the TCr 7 tuoi diK' da d nha mdn cung bd! Chdc chan rang Dinh Bd LTnh dugc bd day dd va cho hgc hanh tir te nen ngudi

Tu chat cua Dinh Bd LTnh mang ddng gidng cua mdt gia dinh dai quan • ,

Me Dinh Bd LTnh la Dam Thi SCr cii khdng ndi den

ten, chi viet ""me ho Ddm""

TO nil ft6 Idoti Mit jrita od iiai/

Ill - TUOI NHO, CHI LON

Dinh Bd LTnh sinh nam Giap Than (924)' ", que d thdn Kim Lu, lang Dai HCfu, chau Dai Hoang (nay la thdn Van Bdng, xa Gia Phuong, huyen Gia Viln, tinh

Ninh Blnh) "Ong sinh ra, ddng ngUdi vd tu chdt khdc

thudng"'^\

Sau khi Dinh Cdng Tru mat, Dinh Bd LTnh da cung

me va gia nhan tCr Hoan Chau trd ve que Thdi gian nay Dinh Bd LTnh cd tuoi khoang tren dudi 15 Gia dinh Dinh Bd LTnh phai nuang nhd dng chii rudt la Dinh Thiic Du d que

Dang sdng thanh nha d noi quan trudng cung bd, dugc hgc hanh, giao due tir te, nay phai vl que sdng vdi ngudi dan chan lam tay bun la mdt budc ngoat trong cudc ddi cua Dinh Bd LTnh

Tai ddng Hoa Lu*"*-' , liic dau Dinh Bd Linh cung me

d canh din Son Than (xa Gia Thuy, huyen Nho Quan

ngay nay) "Dgi Viet sir ky todn thu" ghi: "me hg Ddm

dua gia thugc vdo d cgnh den San Thdn trong dgng "

(1) - Cdc sir sdch xica khdng ghi ngdy thdng sinh ciia Dinh Bd LTnh

(2)-' 'Lich trieu luen cinccnig low chi"- Tap I - Phan Huy Chu- NXB KHXH -1992 -Trang 190

(3) - Ddng Hoa Lir Id Thung Lau a xd Gia Himg vd vitng ddi xung quanh dd thuoc huven Gia Vien tinh Ninh Binh ngdy nay

Md nOdng Oidl 1 9

Din Son than theo "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi" tiic la din Long Vien: "O.xdDeCdc, nhd me Dinh Tien Hodng

a ddy, tire chd a cii ciia Dinh Tien Hodng luc cdn an ndu, nen nhd cu ndy vdn cdn nen ggi Id "Long Vien ", trUdc mat trdng ra sdng, co cdu Ngu, cdu Phanh, hen td vudn cd gd hdng phang, tdc Id chd hd\ trdn cd lau "' '*

Xa D6 Cdc xua, ngay nay chinh la thdn My Ha, xa

Gia Thuy, huyen Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh' -'

Vdi tri thdng minh, tai nang bam sinh, lai la con nha quan cd hgc, vao liia tuoi duong do trudng thanh, Dinh

Bd LTnh da thfch nghi ngay mdi trudng sdng mdi, hoa ddng, chiem dugc ldng men phuc cua bgn tre quanh vung va dan lang

Dinh Bd LTnh ciing nhu bao tre nhd khac trong lang que, thudng phai di kiem cui, chan trau Khi di chan trau Dinh Bd LTnh dugc tdn dung diiu bgn tre chan trau, dugc chung khoanh tay gia lam ngai rude choi bay ll vua tdi, lay hoa lau lam cd cho quan mang phfa trudc, lai gia lam quan di rude d hai ben ta hCru, het nhu nghi thCrc triiu

(1) - "Dai Nam nhai thdng chi" - Tdp III - NXB KHXH - 1971 - Trang 251 (2) - Hien nay d khu vice llidii Mr Ha cdn cd nipt sd dia danh ndi ve Dinh Bd LTnh khi ddaddy: ddi Ho Id noi dirng trdu Ngi Chdi Id noi Idm chdi liic tni qudn, Ndi Ron Chieng Id iiai de chieng lenh: Npi Ndm Ccnn Id ncri de com ndm rirng Trdng

Id noi de tiding: ddng Qudn Id nd hot qudn Theo "Di tich Lich su\'dn liod vc hai tneu Dmh - Tien Le o Nmh Binh " - Nguyin \ dn Tid - NXB VHDT - 2007)

2 0 TCiiili ttt') 7Coa Milt jpitfi IIfi naif

dinh Dinh Bd LTnh cdn bay cho bgn tre chia quan danh

tran gia Nhdm ban than cung iCra tudi vdi nhau cd Dinh

Diin, Nguyin Bac, Trinh Tii, Luu Co cung tudi, cung

que, da cung Dinh Bd LTnh ket nghia anh em Dinh Bd

LTnh dugc tdn lam anh ca Sach "Dgi Viet su ky todn

thu" cd ghi: ""Bd me thdy vdy mirng Idm, md Ign nhd cho

chiing dn Phu Ido cdc sdcli" hdo nhau: "Dda he ndy

khi lugng nhu the dt Idm nen sir nghiep, hgn ta neu khdng

theo ve, ngdy sau hdi thi dd mugn " Ben ddn con em

den theo, rdi lap Idm trudng d sdch Ddo do "' -\

IV - DINH BO LINH LUYEN TAP QUAN SY, TRO THANH

MOT TI/ONG TAI

Cang ldn len, Dinh Bd LTnh td rd la ngudi muu luge

cao, cd chf ldn nen da tap hgp, luyen tap quan sy d Thung

Lau (cdn ggi la Thung Ong thudc thdn Mai Phuang, xa

Gia Hung, huyen Gia Viln ngay nay) Day la mdt thung

lung bang phang, cd dien tfch khoang 16 mSu, xung

quanh diu la nui cao, chi cd mdt con dudng duy nhat

vao ra la di qua mdt cai quen nhd, cao khoang 30m Phu

lao trong lang thay Dinh Bd LTnh nhu mdt ngudi anh

hung nen cho con cai theo rat ddng Luc lugng vu trang

{1) - - Sdch: don vi hdnh chinh nhd a mien mii nhu hdn trai

(2) - "Dai Viet sir ky todn thu" (Sdd) - Trang 210

Md lOiliiti JSiit 21

cua Dinh Bd LTnh cang ngay cang ldn manh chiem giii

ca mdt vung que Hoa Lu Dinh Bd LTnh da thu phuc

dugc ca sach Bdng cua ngudi chii Dinh Thuc Du "Dgi

Viet su ky todn thu" ghi: ""Ngudi chii ciia vua giu sdch Bdng chdng ddnh vdi vua Bdy gid, vua cdn it tudi, the qudn chua mgnh, phdi thua chgy Khi qua cdu d Ddm Gia NUcrng Load '', cdu gdy, Vua rai xudng hiin, ngUdi chil toan ddm, hdng thdy hai con rdng vdng hg ve vua, nen sg md lui Vua thu nhdt qudn cdn sdt, quay lgi ddnh, ngUdi chil phdi hdng Td day ai cung sg phuc, phdm di ddnh den ddu deu de nhu che tre, ggi Id Vgn Thdng Vuang"'-'

Nam Giap Thin (944) Vua Ngd QuyIn ddng dd d

Co Loa (Ha Ndi) mat Triiu dinh luc bay gid xay ra nhiiu bien loan va xung dot Duong Tam Kha la con cua Duong Dinh Nghe va la em vg cua Ngd QuyIn cudp ngdi nam

945, xung la Duong Blnh Vuong Con trudng cua Ngd QuyIn la Ngd Xuong Ngap chay trdn vl Nam Sach (thudc Hai Duong)

Duong Tam Kha nhan con thii cua Ngd QuyIn la Ngd Xuong Van lam con nudi De'n nam 950 Ngd Xuong Van lat do Duong Tam Kha

(1) - Loan: Id chd sdng udn vdng Nay dxa Gia Tien, huyen Gia Vien tinh Ninh Binh gdn ben dd Trudng Yen huyen Hoa Lu

(2) - "Dai Vier sirky loan thu" (Sdd) - Trang 211

2 2 TCiiili ttti Ifioa Mit arita od iitiij

Nam 951 Ngd Xuong Van len ngdi xung la Nam

Tan Vuong Cung nam dd Ngd Xuong Van cho ngudi

di ddn anh rudt la Ngd Xuong Ngap vl cung minh trdng

coi viec nudc Ngd Xuong Ngap vl xung la Thien Sach

Vuong LCic dd da cd hai vua lanh dao dat nudc Dat

nudc luc nay rdi ren Mdt sd tudng cua nha Ngd va cac

tho hao da tu tap hgp luc lugng quan si rieng chiem ddng

cac dia phuang (Sau nay trd thanh 12 sir quan) Dinh Bd

LTnh d Hoa Lu budc sang tuoi 27, da trudng thanh, cung

tach khdi chfnh quyIn cua hai vua, cai quan rieng ca

vCing Hoa Lu

Nhu'ng la ngudi ""hidt minh, hi eii ngudi"", mudn cd

mdt luc lugng manh hon nua, biet Triin Lam la mdt trong

12 SU' quan d Tliai Binh cd tai thao luge, dting cam, dCrc

do, nen Dinh Bd LTnh da cung vdi con trai la Dinh Liln

lien ket va lam thudc tudng cua Trim Lam Diiu nay da

the hien tam nhin xa rdng cua mdt vi tudng biet danh gia

luc lugng cua minh

Tran Lam khdng cd con nd'i, thay Dinh Bd LTnh la

ngudi cd tai nang, cd chf khf, uy nghiem, hy vgng se

lam rang rd cho diit nudc da nhan iam con nudi va giao

quyIn binh cho dng Day la mdt budc ngoat rat quan

trgng trong su nghiep cung cd luc lugng quan su cua

Md'^Otiiitl OitU 2 3

Dinh Bd LTnh Ra Thai Binh vdi Trim Lam khdng cd nghia la bd Hoa Lu, ma la md rdng dia ban hoat ddng, lam cho uy the cua Dinh Bd LTnh vl chfnh tri va quan su manh han

Sau khi Tran Lam mat, Dinh Bd LTnh thay the chi huy, dung diiu sCr quan cua Tran Lam Nhung dng thay vung ddng bang Bd Hai dia hinh bat lgi trong chie'n dau, nen quyet dinh ddi quan ve Hoa Lu, que huong dng, cd nui non trung diep sdng ngdi khiic khuat, dia the hiem trd hon, thuan lgi cho phdng thu, tien cdng

VI Hoa Lu, Dinh Bd LTnh cung cd luc lugng Tha'y Dinh Bd LTnh khdng chiu quy phuc minh Nam Tan Vuong va Thien Sach Vuong dem quan den Hoa Lu danh Dinh Bd LTnh

"Dgi Viet sdlui/c" (khuye't danh) thdi Tran ghi: ""Liic hd'y gid co ngUdi d d(}ng Hoa Lu Id Dinh Bg LTnh ninmg tua ncfi khe md hiem trd, kien cd'md d, khdng chiu tu sua cho dimg cdi chdc vu ciia he tdi Hai vi Vuang (Nam Tdn Vuang vd Thien Sdch Vuang) mudn ddnh, Dinh Bg LTnh sg hdi sai con Id Lien vdo trieu cdng Lien den, hai

vi Vuang che trdch sao khdng vdo chdu, rdi bdt giu Liin

vd dem di ddnh Dinh Bd LTnh

2 4 'TCiii/i ttti Ifoti Mit jfitti iifi naif

Ddnh han mdt thdng vdn khdng thdng dugc, hai

Virang hen treo Lien len cdn tre (ddu nggn sdo) rdi hdo

Bg LTnh rdng: "Ndu khdng hdng tdt se gidt Lien " Dinh

B() LTnh tdc gidn ddp rdng: "Dgi trugng phu hd vi dira

con nhd md ldm luy den viec ldn sao? " Rdi ra lenh cho

htm 10 tay cung nd hdn Lien Hai vi Vuang kinh sg rdi

dem qudn trd ve "' "

Hanh ddng nay cua Dinh Bd LTnh sanh vdi hanh

ddng cua Luu Bang Han Cao To, da dat su nghiep vi

nghia ldn len tren tlnh cam gia dinh (Hang VQ da bat cha

cua Luu Bang, chuiin bi dem chem de doa Luu Bang)

Nam Giap Dan (954), Thien Sach Vuong Ngd Xuong

Ngap mat Nam At SCru (965) Nam Tan Vuong Ngd

Xuong Van bi tu' Iran d Thai Binh The la dat nudc lam

vao mdt thdi ky loan lac khdng cd ai lanh dao lam vao

canh loan 12 sCr quan, hinh thanh rd nhat tCr nam 966 12

sCr quan dd la:

1 - Ngo Xuo'ng Xi (con cua Thien Sach Vuong Ngd

Xuong Ngap) chiem giii dat Binh Kilu (Thanh Hoa) la

SU' quim cd the luc manh hon ca

(/) - "Dqi Viet sir luoc " - NXB thdnh plw Hd Chi Minh - Bd mdn Clidii A hoc Dai

hoc tdng hop thdnh phd Hd Chi Mmh - 1993 - Trang 84

Mti ^/^)dntf 7itjt 2 5

2 - Tran Lam la ngudi gd'c Quang Ddng (Trung

Qud'c), (xung la Trim Minh Cdng) chiem giCr dat Bd Hai Khiiu, thudc Tiln Hai Thai Binh Dinh Bd LTnh la thudc tudng cua Tran Lam

3 - Nguyen Thii Tiep (xung la Nguyin Lenh Cdng),

chie'm giir vCing Ticn Du Bac Ninh

4 - Ly Khue (xung la Ly Lang Cdng), chiem giCf

vung Thuan Thanh, Bac Ninh

5 - Lir Duong, cdn ggi la La Dudng (xung la Lii Ta

Cdng), chiem giCr vung Te Giang, nay thudc Van Giang Hung Yen

-6 - Pham Bach Ho (xung la Pham Phdng At), chiem

giCf vCing Dimg Chau, Hung Yen

7 - Nguyen Sieu (xung la Nguyin HCfu Cdng), chiem

giCf vung Thanh Tri, Ha Ndi

8 - Nguyin Khoan (xung la Nguyin Thai Blnh),

chie'm giir da't Tam Dai Yen Lac (Vinh Phiic)

9 - Kieu Cong Han la chau ndi cua Kilu Cdng Tiln

va la anh rudt cua sii quan Kilu Thuan (xung la Kilu Tam Che), chiem giCf vung Phong Chau, Phu Thg

2 6 'Kinli ftti If mil Jilt sritti mi ntiif

10 - Kieu Thuan (xung la Kilu Lenh Cdng), chiem

giCf vCing Cam Khe (Ha Tay)

11 - Do Canh Thac, chiem giCr xung Bao Da thudc

Thanh Oai, Ha Tay

12 - Ngo Nhat Khanh (xung la Ngd Lam Cdng),

chiem giCr vung Dudng Lam, Ha Tay (Ngd Nhat Khanh

la chau Ngd QuyIn, sau nay la phd ma cua Vua Dinh

Tien Hoang Vua Dinh Tien Hoang ga Cdng chua Phat

Kim cho Ngd Nhat Khanh)

NhiJng ngudi dCrng dau mudi hai sCr quan phan ldn

la nhCrng ngudi thudc ddng ddi con chau hoac tudng

linh cQ cua nha Ngd, diu chiem mdt vung dat, mdi vung

da't rdng khoang vai huyen nhu ngay nay, cd xay thanh,

dap luy va thdn tfnh lan nhau keo dai trong hai nam (966

- 967), tap trung chu yeu d khu vuc sdng Hdng

Dinh Bd LTnh da diing dau mdt su quan manh nhat

Trd vl Hoa Lu, Dinh Bd LTnh tha'y cd nhiiu thuan lgi

Hoa Lu cd nhiiu day niii da vdi chay theo hudng tay

bac - ddng nam va ha thap diin Niii d day vach dung

dCi:ng, cheo leo, ldm chdm, vd cung hiem trd Nd nhu

nhtrng biic tudng thanh thien nhien hCmg vl

Md lOdJiq Oitil 2 7

Khdng chi cd nhiiu nui Hoa Lu cdn day dac sdng ngdi Dd la sdng Day, sdng Than Phu sdng Vim Siing sdng Hoang Long, sdng Sao Khe,

Mdt diiu rat thuan lgi la Hoa Lu la vung ddng bang

va cd biin TCr the ky thii X bien nam giin thanh phd Ninh Binh ngay nay Niii Due Thuy khi dd niim sat bien dugc ggi la Due "Thuy Son Hai Khau Vua Tran Anh Tdng (1293-1314) di danh giac Chiem Thiinh trd vl da dCrng thuyin len nui Due Thuy, cho dau thuyin d vung cira biin Phiic Thanh, (nay la thanh phd Ninh Binh) da

lam bai tho ""Chinh Chiem Thdnh hodn chu hgc phiic

thdnh cdng"" (Di danh Chiem Thanh vl, dau thuyin d

cCra bien Phuc Thanh)

Hoa Lu khdng chi la Thung Lau nhd hep khi xua nCra, ma la noi rat thuan lgi vl giao thdng thuy bd, co ddng dugc vl quan su Hoa Lu cdn la vung dat mau md, quan sy cd the vCra chien dau vua san xuat de tao ngudn luong thuc tu tiic Dinh Bd LTnh da sdm cd quan dilm vCra chien da'u vCra san xuat

(J Hoa Lu, sii quiin cua Dinh Bd LTnh cd du ba diiu kien: thien thdi, dia lgi, nhan hoa Ong dua vao the mil sdng tu nhien dl xay thanh, dap luy va chieu md cac hao

2 8 TCinli ftd Ifioti Mit fitii iiti niiif

kiet cung quan sT den Hoa Lu Trong dd cd nhu'ng tudng

gidi nhu: Pham Hap, Pham Cu Lugng, Le Hoan

V - DINH BO LINH DEP LOAN 12 SL QUAN

Trd thanh ngudi dCrng dau mdt sii quan, Dinh Bd

LTnh cd nhiiu tudng gidi nhu Dinh Diin, Nguyin Bac,

Trinh Tii, Luu Co, Pham Hap, Pham Cu Lugng, Le Hoim,

Dugc quan sT theo phuc ddng, nhan dan ung hd, Dinh

Bd LTnh ra tay dep loan 11 sii quan cdn lai Ong danh

dau dugc da'y Cac chau, cac phu khdng ai khdng quy

phuc

Trong chien dau Dinh Bd LTnh khdng chi dung quan

su ma cdn khdn kheo van dung chfnh tri ket hgp vdi

quan su Ong da dung ke sach thu phuc dugc Pham Bach

Ho d Diing Chau (Hung Yen), hang phuc dugc Ngd

Nhat Khanh d Dudng Lam (Ha Tay) va Ngd Xuong Xi

d Blnh Kilu (Thanh Hoa) (Chinh sach nay cdn thuc

hien khi Dinh Bd LTnh da len ngdi Hoang de Dinh Tien

Hoimg da lap me cua Ngd Nhat Khanh lam Hoang hau,

cho con trai ca cua minh la Dinh Lien lay em gai Ngd

Nhat Khanh Nhung van sg Ngd Nhat Khanh cd kha

nang sinh bien, chd'ng lai nen Vua Dinh quyet dinh ga

con gai ycu quy cua minh la Phat Kim cho Ngd Nhat

Khanh) Cdn lai 8 sii quan nCfa la: Kilu Cdng Han d

Md'TOdnqOiiU 2 9

Bach Hac (Phu Thg) Nguyin Khoan d Vinh Tudng (Vinh Phuc), Dd Canh Thac d Thanh Oai (Ha Tay), Ly Khue d Thuan Thanh (Bac Ninh), Nguyin Thu Tiep d Ticn Son (Bac Ninh), LCf Dudng d Van Giang (Hung Yen), Nguyin Sieu d Thanh Tri (Ha Ndi), Kilu Thuan d Ciim Khe (Ha Tay), Dinh Bd LTnh da to chiic nhiiu tran danh ac liet dl tieu diet liin lugt cac sur quan trong vdng 2 nam, tCr nam 966 de'n cudi nam 967

Cudi nam Dinh Mao (967), Dinh Bd LTnh danh va dep yen dugc 11 sii quan, khdng cdn loan 12 su quan, non sdng thu vl mdt mdi, dat nudc trd lai thd'ng nha't, ba quan tudng sT tdn vinh dng la Van Thiing Vuong Su nghiep dd cua Dinh Bd LTnh cung khdng khac gi Tan Thuy Hoang thdi trudc Cdng nguyen da thdn tfnh dugc

6 nudc khac, thdng nhat dat nudc Trung Qudc

VI - DINH B() LINH LEN N(i(')I HOANG DE

Nam 968, Van Thang Vuong (Dinh Bg LTnh) len

ngdi Hoang de' ", hieu la Dinh Tien Hoang "Dgi Viet sd

ky todn thu" ghi: '"Bdy tdi ddng ton hieu Id Dqi Thdng Mmh Hodng de"' ^\

{I) - Cdc sdch sir.xua khdng ghi ngdy thdng Dinh Bd LTnh len ngdi Hodng de (2)- "Dqi \'ielsirky todn thu" (Sdd) -Tiang 211

3 0 7Ciii/i ttti 7tiofi Mit ritti lid naif

Dinh Tien Hoang dat ten nudc la Dai Cd Viet, ddng

dd d Hoa Lu (xa Trudng Yen, huyen Hoa Lu, linh Ninh

Binh ngay nay)

Dinh Tien Hoang la ngudi cd cdng cung cd nin ddc

lap va chu quyIn dan tdc, xay dung qudc gia phong kien

thdng nha't dau tien trong lich sir nudc ta

Viec ""Bdy tdi ddng tdn hieu Id Dgi Thdng Minh

Hodng dd" cd y nghia rat ldn

(j Trung Qudc viec xung "Vuang"" cd tCr thdi thugng

CO den the ky III trudc Cdng nguyen 0 Viet Nam viec

xung ""Vuang"" cung cd tCr lau Hg Hdng Bang da cd

Kinh Duong Vuong va HCmg Vuong

Den ddi Vua Tan (Trung Qudc) Doanh Chinh (Tiin

Thuy Hoang) thdi trudc Cdng nguyen mdi tu xung la

""Tdn Thuy Hodng Dd" ChQ' "Dd" trudc day (thdi co

dai) chi dung de ggi Trdi khdng dung dl ggi vua Nhung

den ddi Doanh Chinh da dung dl ggi vua {""Hodng"":

ngudi thdng tri bac cao nhat "Dd": Trdi) Doanh Chfnh

mudn khang dinh minh cd uy quyIn thd'ng tri loan bd

the gian vi da thdn tfnh dugc 6 nudc khac, thd'ng nhat

dat nudc Trung Qudc

' O Viet Nam, mai den the ky VI sau Cdng nguyen,

Mii ^ihitit, OitU ' 3 1

Ly Bdn (Ly Bf) (544 - 548) mdi xung "Dd" ggi la Ly

Nam De, lap nudc Van Xuan Sau dd, nam 722, Mai Thiic Loan cung xung "De" ggi la Mai Hiic De

Viec xung "Dd" cua Ly Bdn cd y nghia rat quan

trgng, khang dinh nudc Nam cung cd Nam De ngang vdi Bac De (Trung Qud'c)

Nhu'ng Ly Nam De va Mai Hac De mdi xung la "Dd", chu chua xung la ""Hodng dd", va chi tdn tai dugc mdt

thdi gian ngdn, dat nudc cdn nhd hep, triiu nghi chua diiy du

Den Dinh Tien Hoang tdn hieu la "Dgi Thdng Minh

Hodng De'" ("Dgi"": to ldn; ""Thdng"": dugc, hon; ""Minli":

sang rd; ""Hodng dd": vua nudc ldn) Dinh Tien Hoang

chinh la ngudi loan thdng ve vang nhat, da cd cdng thdng nha't da't nudc

Lan ddu tien trong lich sCr dung nudc ciia Viet Nam, Dinh Tien Hoang la ngudi cung cd ddc lap chu quyIn dan tdc, xay dung qudc gia phong kien thdng nhat Va cung la lan dau tien qudc gia ay cd vua dugc tdn xung

danh hieu "'Hodng dd"

Neu Tan Thuy Hoang de d Trung Qud'c cd cdng thd'ng nha't dat nudc, tu xung la Hoang de dau tien trong

3 2 JCinIt do 1(>oa Mit jcita mi nnu

lich sir Trung Qudc, thi Dinh Tien Hoang d Viet Nam

cung cd cdng thd'ng nhat dat nudc, dugc tdn hieu la "Dgi

Thdng Minh Hodng dd" dau tien trong lich sir Viet Nam

Danh hieu "Dgi Thdng Minh Hodng dd" cd y nghia

rat ldn, khang dinh nudc ta cd nin ddc lap tu chu va

Hoang de nudc Nam phai sanh ngang vdi Hoang de

phuang Bac, the hien y thiic cua cha dng ta khdng thCra

nhan chi cd mdt Hoang de duy nhat d the gian, neu

phuang Bac cd Hoang de thi phuang Nam cung cd Hoang

De Vl the trong '"Lich trieu hidn chuang logi chi" Phan

Huy Chu (1782 - 1840) viet: "Xet: Nudc ta thdi Hiing

Vuang mdi bat ddu thdng hidn vdi Trung Qudc, nhung

danh hieu cdn nhd, khdng dugc du vdo hdng chu hdu

trieu hdi Rdi hi Trieu Dd kiem tinh, nhd Hdn phong

Dd ldm Nam Viet Vuang, chi dugc sanh vdi chu hdu

ciia Trung Qudc, chu chua tirng dugc neu Id mat nudc

Den khi Dinh Tien Hodng binh dinh cdc sd qudn, khdi

phuc md mang hd cdi, hdy gid dien le sdch phong ciia

Trung Qudc mdi nhdn cho dirng rieng Id mat nUdc""*

{!) "Lich trieu hicn chuang loai chi" Tap 111 Phan Huy Chit NXB KHXH

-1992 - Trang 186

Md ^tOdiif/ Oiiil 3 3

Nam 973 sau khi Nam Viet Vuang Dinh Liln di sii

vl nudc, Vua Td'ng sai su- sang nudc Dai Cd Viet, phong cho Vua Dinh Tien Hoang lam Giao Chi Quan Vuong Giao Chi Quan Vuang la sdc phong ddu tien cua Vua Td'ng phong cho Vua Dinh Tien Hoang, cung la sdc phong dau tien cua Nha Td'ng ddi vdi nudc Dai Cd Viet

3 4 f^"l< dti lf.tif, Mit ^ita „d naif

KINH DO HOALU

I • VI TRI VA DIEN TICH

Sach "Dgi Viet sir luge"" (khuyet danh thdi Tran) cd

ghi: "Ddn ndm thd nhdt nien hieu Khai Bdo (968) ddi

Vua Trieu Id Tdng Thdi To, Vuang xung Hodng dd d

dgng Hoa Lu Rdi dung cung dien, chd trieu nghi, sap

ddt trdm quan, lap xd tdc "' "

Nha sir hgc Le Van Huu (1230-1322), trong cudn

"Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu", khi ban vl Dinh Tien Hoang

cd viet:

"Tien Hodng nhd cd tdi sdng sudt han ngudi, dung

cdm mUu luge nhd't dtri duang liic nudc Viet ta khdng

cd chii, cdc hitng trudng cdt cd, mdt phen cdt qudn md

mudi hai sd qudn phuc hdt Vua md nudc dung dd, ddi

xung Hodng dd, ddt trdm quan, lap sdu qudn, chd do

gdn ddy dii "'''

(1) - "Dgi Viet sti luge " (Sdd) - Trang 90

(2) - "Dai \'icr si'fkx todn ihu" (Sdd) -Trang 211

Md 1)0nq Oitil 3 5

Nguyin Trai (1380 - 1442) lii bac dai thi hao dim

tien cua dan tdc trong cudn "Du dia chf" cung ghi:

"Dinh ( Dmh Bt) LTnh) ggi nu'id Id Dgi Co Viet, ddng dd d Hoa Ul Hoa Lu Id Dgi Hodng, bdy gid Id phii Trudng Yen""' "

Tai day dng cho xay dung cung dien, dat triiu nghi, ddp thanh, dao hao, dua vao the mii xay dung mdt cdng trinh phdng ngu kien cd nhu mdt phao dai hilm, biet lap vdi ben ngoai

Kinh dd Hoa Lu ndm ggn trong dia phan xa Trudng Yen ngay nay, dugc bao quanh bdi hang loat niii da vdng cung, canh quan hung vT

"Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chf" cd viet: "Dd cu nhd Dinh, nhd Le d xd Trudng Yen Thugng vd Trudng Yen Hg cd Ndi Thdnh vd Ngogi Thdnh, cd cda xdy bang dd, lgi cd cdc danh hieu: Cdu Ddng, cdu Den, cdu Mudng, Trdng Tien, chiia Thdp, chiia Nhd't Tru, vv nen cu vdn cdn "'-'

Kinh dd Hoa Lu rdng khoang 300ha bao trum len

xa Trudng Yen huyen Hoa Lu, dugc chia lam hai khu

(/) - "Nguyen Trai todn ldp"(iii Idn thir 2) - NXB KHXH - Hd Ndi - igjf,

Trang 216

(2) - "Dqi Nam nhdi thdng chi " (Sdd) - Trang 249

3 6 ^ '^'"li dfl Ifiou Mit fitt, „fi

naif

vuc: Thanh Ndi va Thanh Ngoai Thanh Ngoai ndm vl

phia ddng, gdm thdn Yen Thanh va thdn Yen Thugng

ngay nay Day la noi xay dung nhtrng cung dien chfnh

ma khu vuc din Dinh va din Le la trung dilm, la noi

Dinh Tien Hoang cdm cd nudc Trudc cac cung dien cd

niii Ma Yen, tuong truyin Vua Dinh Tien Hoang lay nui

nay lam an (J thdn Yen Thanh cd mdt sd chua va din,

hien nay vdn cdn, la mdt phdn kien true trong khu cung

dien chfnh Thanh Ngoai rdng khoang 140ha Thanh Ndi

rdng hon Thanh Ngoai, cd dien tfch khoang 160ha, ndm

vl phfa tay d sau trong cac day niii phfa tay, gdm dat

thdn Chi Phong xa Trudng Yen ngay nay Thanh Ndi

cdn cd ten la Thu Nhi xa hay Khd Nhi xa, la noi d cua

gia dinh cac quan lai, cac kho tang va la noi ddng quan

Ggi Thanh Ndi, Thanh Ngoai la ggi tCr phfa trong ra

phfa ngoai, chii khdng phai chf cac vdng thanh phia trong

hay phfa ngoai, cung khdng mang y nghia khu thanh

phu hay khu thanh chfnh

Thanh Ndi va Thanh Ngoai la hai khu vuc each biet

nhau nhung d sat canh nhau va cd thi qua lai dugc dl

dang nhd mdt ngach an thdng ggi la Quen Vdng (Quen

Vdng ndm vl phfa tay nam din Dinh hien nay - thudc

ddt thdn Chi Phong) Quen cao so vdi mat dudng khoang

Md Ddni, lltil 3 7

5m rdng gan 10m Phfa nam quen la mii Quen Ddt Phfa bdc quen la mii Phi Vim (ngay nay nhan dan pha quen lam them mdt con ngdi d phfa nam quen de dan nudc va ha thap quen xud'ng chi cao do 1,5m)

Nhu the Kinh dd Hoa Lu thdi xua cd dien tfch khoang 300ha, gdm hai khu Thiinh Ngoai gdm 140ha, Thanh Ndi gdm 160ha

II - THANH TRI KINH DO HOA LU

Kinh dd Hoa Lu nam ggn trong thanh tri thien nhien

va nhan tao d phfa bdc va phfa ddng, cdn phfa tay va phfa nam diu la nhChig tudng thanh thien nhien gdm cac day mil cao trung diep

Kinh dd Hoa Lu chfnh la mdt quan thanh vtrng chdc

do thien nhien va con ngudi lam nen Khac vdi mgi dd thanh da xay dung tren dat nudc ta, thanh Hoa Lu gdm nhirng day nui da vdi va cac tudng thanh nhan tao dan xen, ndi liln vdi nhau, nhap nhd tao nen mdt dd thanh ddc dao ma khdng noi nao cd dugc Vua Dinh Tien Hoang

da biet khai thac triet de thien nhien de phuc vu cho con ngudi Ldi kien triic nay da tiet kiem td'i da sire ngudi siic cua Chi can bit kin cac vach nui, nghia la ddp them nhCfng tudng thanh nhan tao dl nd'i cac day nui lai vdi

3 8 ^ ' " ' ' 'f*^ '^^"" ^f^itu lid naif