• ifmmjmrmumwmm Phu niir cac dan toe vung Tay Bac tham gia phat trien kinh te NGOC HUE NhOngnAm qua, dUOc sii quan tam cua Dang, Nha nUdc, cung vdi eac ban, bg, ngAnh Trung UOng va c
Trang 1• ifmmjmrmumwmm
Phu niir cac dan toe vung Tay Bac
tham gia phat trien kinh te
NGOC HUE
NhOngnAm qua, dUOc sii quan tam cua Dang, Nha nUdc, cung vdi eac ban,
bg, ngAnh Trung UOng va cap uy, chinh quydn cac dia phuang, Hdi Lien hiep
Phu nd Viet Nam da tap trung chi dao cdng tac vAn ddng, ho trg phu nd cac
cdp thuchien khau dot pha 'Tao ehuyen bie'n mdi vechatluong, hidu qua v$n
ddng, ho tra phu ndphat trien san xudt, thiic hanh tidt Mem, giam nghdo ben
vdng"; tich ciie tuyen truyen, van ddng, hd tra hdi vien phu nd tham gia cac
mo hinh kinh tdtap the^^K gdp phin lam eho dai sdng kinh td- xa hdi Tiy
Bic da cd nhieu khdi sic
NhQng ddng g6p to I6n
cAa phu niir cic d i n tdc
viing l i y Bic
Sau 30 nfim ddi mdi, vflng
Tfiy Bflc da cd nhflng bfldc
chuyen b i l n tfch eye trdn cflc
linh vflc; ddi sdng vfit ehfi't,
tinh thdn ciia ddng bflo dupe
cai thien, bg m$t ndng thdn
miln niii ngfiy cflng ddi mdi
Tdng thu nhfip trong nude
(GDP) binh qufln bfing nfim
giai doan 2011 - 2015 tofln
vflng Tfly Bflc dat tren 9,4%,
GDP binh qufln ddu ngUdi
nflm 2015 d a t 27,8 tripu
ddng.gifp 1,8 ldn so vdi 2011;
cd efl'u kinh te cbuyen dich
theo hfldng tich eye, tflng
budc h i n b thflnh cflc viing
san xuat hfing hda, vflng
chuyen canh tfip t r u n g gfin
vdi cdng nghidp che'bien K i t
cfi'u ha tfing kinh t l - x a bpi
dupc quan tflm ddu tU vfl ed budc eai thien Vfin hda - xa hdi cd n h i l u t i l n bd .\ludi bdn tinh trong vung vfi cae tinh phu cfin Quang Ninh, Hfl Tinh dfl phd cflp cac chfldng t r i n h gifio dye tfl mdm non, tigu bgc dg'n t r u n g hpe ed sd; hp thd'ng y t l chfim sdc sflc khde nhan dfin dflpc hofln thien Nhieu chfldng trinh, dy an ddu tu ke't c^u
ha tang, md hinh bieu qua ve kinh t e hd, kinh te trang trai,
md h i n h giam ngheo b i n viing dUdc trien khai, nhfln rdng; ddi sdng vfit ch^t vfi tinh thdn cua ddng bfio cac dan tpc vung Tay Bfic dUde nang len ro ret Ty le hd nghdo theo tidu chf cu, tofin vflng edn 14,9%, t i n h Hfi Ttnh edn 5,82%, tinh Quang Ninh cdn 1,33%
C h i l m trdn 5 1 % dan so tofin viing, phu nfl cfic dfin toe Tfly Bflc lfi lflc Ifldng lao ddng ddng dao, cd mfit trong mpi linh vyc ciia ddi sd'ng kinh
te - xfi hpi Nhflng thfinh tflu dat dflde cua viing Tfly Bflc vfl eae t i n h Hfi Tinh, Q u a n g Ninh trong thdi gian qua, cd
sy ddng gdp khdng nhd cila phy nfl dfie biet lfi nhflng (1) Hoat dong ho trp phy nd
n g h ^ vay vo'n Uu dai thdng qua
Ngan h^ng Chfnh sach xa h^i hi^u qua cao; binh quan moi nfim hdn 400.000 ho nghto, ho kh6 kh&n
dupc tilp c§n tin dpng, dU n(J t6t dflng thii 3 trong ca nildc Nfim
2015, c4c cfi'p hOi 14 tinh Tay Bfic
va tinh Quang Ninh, Hfi Tinh da giiip 194.843 phu nil nghte, trong d6 c6 22.779 ho phu nfl ngh^
dUdc Hoi giiip thoat nghdo
Trang 2"KINH NGHI£M TCT ccr sd
I ll4liMUii*anipkfiildc«ilftltailWit(#il«nqnTlk,iMKt<iM[t^H|liflb,>|IVl1-6-M1«
phy nfl lfim kinb t l gidi Tbeo
bfio eflo tfl cflc t i n b trong
vflng, hipn nay tofin vung cd
3.700 doanh nhfin nfl; 262
hdp tfic xa, td Uen k i t , td hdp
tac do nfl lfim ehii Doanb
nghiep nfl ehie'm khoang 25%
sd Iflpng doanb nghiep khu
vye Tay Bflc Nhieu chi da
thoat kbdi tfl tfldng an phfin
vfi tflm 1;^ y lai, trdng chd vfio
sy bd trd cua Nhfi nude, phfit
huy t i n h thdn t y lye, t y
cudng, pha bd rfio can dinh
k i l n v l gidi, xda bd nhieu hii
tue lae bfiu, de ty giai phdng
minb kbdi nhiing rfing bude
loi thdi, hda nh^p vfio sfl phfit
tridn eua xa hdi
Thfinh tfch dat dflpc cua phu nfl Tfiy Bfic tren efie Iinh vflc ndng - Iflm nghiep, edng nghipp, tieu thii cdng nghipp;
thfldng mai, du Iich vfi dieh vy; trong phong trflo thi dua
"Ca nUdc chung tay xfly dflng ndng thdn mdi", trong edng tae tfl thien, an sinh xfi bdi vfi
n b i l u linh vflc khfic, cd y nghia quan trpng trong sfl phat trien chung cua vflng vfi
ea dfl't nflde trong hdi nhfip vfi phfit trien
Tren Unh viic ndng nghidp, lam nghiep
Vflng Tfiy Bflc chiem 1/3 dien tfch ea nfldc, 80% dien tfch Ifl ntii rimg; kinb t l ndng
nghigp, Iam nghipp vfln gifl vai trd chil dpo; nhiing nflm gdn day, ndng nghiep, Iflm nghiep vflng Tay Bfic phflt trien k h a tofln dipn; gifl tri
s a n xufl't ndng, Iflm, ngfl nghigp nflm 2015 dat 83.176
ty ddng, binh quan hflng nflm tflng 4,11%, eao hdn t i e dO binh qufln eua ca nUdc Cdc vflng cfiy chuyen canh t^p
t r u n g p h a t tridn kha, nhfl
c h l , cfi-phe, c a o - s u ; chfin nudi phat t r i l n dn dinh, ting dan gia sue tflng hflng nflm; nudi trdng thuy san cd bfldc
p h a t tridn: dipn tfch trdng
rflng aan xufl't tflng n h a n h , ty
le che phii rflng nfim ^01 o dat
Trang 351,8% D a t dupc nhiing k i t
qua tren co sfl gop sflc khdng
nhd cua bfing ngfin lao ddng
nfi tren khfip vung Tfiy Bflc
i^Do d$e thfl v l dia iy vfi dilu
ki§n ty nhien, nen ca 14 tinh
trong vflng vfl cflc tinh Hfi
Itnh, Quang Ninh cd gdn 2/3
cflc t£m gfldng phy nfl lfim
kinh t l gidi vflng Tfly Bflc la
cflc doanh nghiep, td hdp tflc
vfl cfi nhan lfim kinh te' ndng,
lfim nghigp Cfic ehi da b i n
gan, gdp tri cflng xfi hdi, bflt
phd khdi nhiing phfldng tbflc
san xufl^t lae hfiu theo Idl t y
cung, tfl cfi'p dfi tdn tpi tfl Iflu
ddi, m^nb dan ddu tU vay
vdn, flp dyng khoa hpc ky
thuftt trong trdng trpt, chfin
nudi; chu ddng tim tdi, tham
quan hpe tfip kinh nghidm tfl
cflc dia phfldng; k i t noi md
r^ng thi trfldng, vfin dyng
linh boat, sang tao trong phat
triln san xufi't phfl hdp vdi
dilu kipn khf hfiu, da't dai dflc
thfl cua dia pbfldng Vdi nhilu
cfich Iflm phong phu, da dang,
sy sang tao trong xfly dflng
cflc md hinh mdi, cfic chi da
gdp phdn tao ngn nhflng
thfldng hieu rieng trong eac
san phdm ey t h l
Trdn linh viic cdng nghiep,
tiiu thu cdng nghi$p
Nhflng nfim gdn dfly, cdng
nghipp t i l u t b u edng nghidp
viing Tfiy Bfic p h a t t r i l n
n h a n h t a o ddng lflc cho
chuyin ddi cd cfi'u kinh t l vfi
nflng cao hidu qua kinh t l
OuLaJhlUk, QiO nhim hpp tdc xa mbdn^a thdn Dl Thdng, buyin Bdc
Hd, tinh ldo Cai dd tranh M nguon hx hStrpt^ cdc tS chdc, dan vj, vdn ddng dii em tham gia hap tdc xd, tidng mu b^ dia theo quy trinh sdn xudt VietGap
Chldmgcdcthdnhvihtronghaptdcxd chd ddng tim ddu m cho sdn phdm bdng vik k& noi vdi cdc doanh nghiip, siiu thj de mdrdng thi trudng tiiu thu tgi Hd Ndi vdi sdn luang tiiu thu
tiflOOkg-200 kg rau/ngdy, cho thu nhdp binh qudn 80 triiu ddng/ndm
vung Gia tri san xufi't cdng nghiep nflm 2015 (theo gifl cd dinb nflm 2010) d a t tren 93,98 ngan ty ddng, binb qufin hdng nfim tflng 11,12%
Cac dy fin cdng nghiep trpng
d i l m dflpc t r i l n khai bfldc ddu phat huy hipu qua Cac thuy dien ldn, nbu Nhfi mfiy thiiy dien Sdn La, thuy dign TViyen Quang, thiiy dien Ban Chat, thuy dien Hudi Quang, thuy dipn Lai Chau da vfl dang di vfio boat ddng; cac dy
an khai thac, che big'n khoang san, san xufi't vflt lieu xfly dyng da t h u h u t m a n h me efle ngudn vd'n dau tU; edng nghiep chd' big'n ndng, Iflm san dflpc quan tfim md rdng
Tham gia Iinh vflc nfiy cd
n h i l u thfich tbflc vdi chi em phy nfl do ban cbe v l gidi
Song, vdi sy giup dd tao d i l u kien cua ca'p iiy cbinh quyln cfic efi'p, nhllu ebi em phy nfl
da q u y l t tfim vUdt Ien ehinh minh, ddi mdi trong t u duy
san xuat m a n h dan trong ddu tu, chu ddng hdi nhfip, hpc hdi kinh nghiem, md rdng Uen ket vung, tim ddu ra cho san phdm; dfic biet Ifl xfly dyng tbi trfldng phu hpp vdi trinh do de tieu thy san phdm cdng nghigp, tidu t h u cdng nghiep cua dia phfldng
7>en linh viic thiidng mgi,
du lich va dich vy
Thfldng mai, du lich vfl dich vy vung Tay Bfic ngfiy
cflng d\i(3c md rdng, dflp flng
tdt hdn eho nhu edu ddi sd'ng vfl san xufl't Gia tri san xufl't ngfinh dich vy binh qufln bfing nflm tfing 15,7% Td'ng mflc ban le hfing hda vfl doanh thu dich vy tfing binh quan 11,7%/nfim Gia tri kim ngach xufl't khdu trdn dia bfln tfing binb quan 16,5%/nfim Rieng nfim 2015, tong kim ngach xufi't khdu tofin vflng dat gdn 4,68 ty USD, chiem 3% kim ngach xufi't khdu ca nUdc Nhiing nfim gdn dfly, du lieh Tfly Bflc dang ed xu hudng tflng trUdng tfch efle Nfim 2015, Ifldng khach d i n toan vflng dat trdn 8,9 tri^u lUdt (tfing 3%), trong dd khach qudc t l 1,6 trieu lUdt (tfing 6,5%) Doanb tbu tfl du Iich d mpt so'tinh, nhfl Quang Ninh, Nghe An, Lao Cai, Dien Bign, Sdn La, Lang Sdn, Phu Thp, Hda Binh cd xu hfldng tfing ngfiy mdt dfing ke trong kinh
te dia phfldng vfi ca vflng Da sdcac san phfim du tich d cae
Trang 4^ 1 KINH NGHlfiM Tfl c o s d
dia pbUdng d l u eua cac hdp
tae xfl, cac td hdp tac, cae hd
gia dinh, cae td san xufl't do
phy nfl Iam chu
Tren linh viic phat trien
nginh, nghe truyen thd'ng
Dflng trflde thfle t r a n g
n g h l t r u y i n thdng eua cfic
dfln tgc cd nguy cd mai mgt
Dang vfl Nhfi nUdc da cd
n h i l u bien phap bao tdn vfi
phat trien ngfinh n g h l t r u y i n
thdng, Trong cae boat ddng
nfiy, phy nfl chilm mdt vai trd
quan trpng trong viec ^ n gifl,
trao t r u y i n vfi thflp Ien ngpn
Ifla t r u y i n thdng eho t h l he
tre Day lfi mdt linh vflc khd,
trong khi mfit trfli eiia kinh te'
thi trudng dfl vfi dang thfim
nhfip sau vfio cudc sd'ng Cfic
ebi dfi khdng ngiing hpe hdi,
tim ra hudng di mdi, tao viee
lfim gfin vdi nhu edu t b i
trudng, kg't hpp hfii hda gifla
t r u y i n thd'ng vfi hipn dai, san
xufi't, gidi tbieu vfi quang ba
san phflm truyen thdng eua
que hUdng den ban be khflp
nflm chau; gdp phdn nfing cao
ddi sd'ng vat chfl't, tinh thdn
eua hdi vien phu nfl, han chd'
tinb trang di cfl ty do, dn dinh
an ninh, cbfnb tri, trat tfl an
tofin xfi bdi d mdi dia phfldng
Trong phong trio thi dua
"Ca niidc cbung tay xiy diing
ndng thdn mdi"
Cbfldng t r i n h xay d y n g
ndng thdn mdi da trd t h a n b
phong trao rdng ldn khfip eac
dia phfldng trong vung; dflde
Qii Hodng Thi Phuang, Gidm ddc Cdng ty An Phu Siin, tfnft Yin Bdi Tdn dung nguyin liiu sdn cd cOa &ia phuang, sdn xu6t phdn bdn NPK vd phdn viin nin Thdi gian ddu, Cdng ty gdp nhieu khd khdn, chj da quyit tdm rfln titng ngudi ddn, titng doanh nghiip, liin k&
sang cdc tinh ldn cdn, htfdng ddn ngiM ddn thil nghiim, Ong dung vdo thUc tiin, cam kit duy tri chSt lapng bin vttng Vdi quyit tdm 'ddm nghi, ddm ldm' mdi ndm, Cdng ty eda chj dd cung ifng ra thj tnfdng 2.000 tdn phdn bdn, cho trin 10.500 luat hd sU dung sdn phdm vdi doanh thu 1,6 ty/ndm
n h a n dan cae tinh viing Tfly Bfic tich eye thye hipn Mfic dfl cdn nhieu khd khftn, song cae dia phUdng dfi dat dUpc mpt sd'ke't qua dfing khich le
Dien mao ndng thdn mien nui thay ddi theo hudng ngfiy mdt tich eye; ddi sdng vfit chat, tinh thdn ciia ngfldi dan dupc nang Ien; ty le hd nghdo hfing nfim giam Cac t i n h Quang Ninh, Hfi Tinh da cd nhieu ket qua td't trong phong trfio nfiy De'n nay, eae t i n h trong vflng vfi phu cfln da cd 100% cflc xa hofln thfinh quy hoach, n h i l u tinh ed trdn 1/3 sd' xa dat tieu chf ndng thdn mdi vfi tig'p tuc t h y c hien chfldng trinh nfiy ngfiy mpt quye't Uet hdn
Hfldng flng t h y e hien chfldng trinh xfiy dflng ndng thdn mdi cua cfl'p uy, ehfnh quyen cfic cap vfi cua Trung
fldng Hdi, hdi p h y nfl t r l n khfip cae dia bfin dfi tfch cue v§n dgng hpi vidn tham gia, Cflc chi khdng nhfling lfi tfim gfldng sang trong phat triln kinh te mfi cdn thfldng xuygn tuygn t r u y i n , vfin ddng ngudi
t h a n , cpng ddng xay dyng gia dinh "5 khdng, 3 saeh", gfln vdi xay dyng ndng thdn mdi;
vfin ddng gia dinh, ddng hp
h i l n hfing nghin mgt vudng dfi't de md rdng cflc tuyin dfldng giao thdng ndng thdn; thfinh Ifip md hinh cac hpp tae xa; hd trp kinh phi xSy dyng cfic cdng trinh phuc lpi eiia dia phUdng
Trong cdng tic tH thign, an sinh xi hdi
P h a t huy phdm ehfi't truyen thd'ng gifiu long nhfin fli ciia ngfldi phy nfl Vipt Nam, tuy
d i l u kien cupc song cdn nhilu khd khfin nhflng vdi tinh thdn
"Ifl Ianh dflm la rach", phy nfl Tfly Bde dfi khdng ngdn ngpi
t h a m gia eac boat dpng thi^n nguyen, hd trd n h i l u gia dinh khd khfin, gieo mdm nhfln ai,
t i l p t h e m ngpn Ifla hy vpng eho nhflng ddng bfio cdn khd khfln vfldn lgn trong cudc sdng vdi n h i l u hfinh dpng chia se, giflp dd ey t h l , thilt thfle, nbfl giup ngfiy edng lao dpng, hd trp vd'n vay khdng tinh Ifli, giup vfit nudi, cay trdng d l phat trien kinh t l , ddng gdp xfly dyng mfii fi'm tinh thfldng, eflu mang ngfldi nghgo khd, hd trp dfi't d
Trang 5Mot s o Iden nghi
Dfl da cd nhieu thfinh tflu
trong ddi mdi, song Tfly Bflc
v&n la vung Ifi vung kinh te
k6m phat trien, vdi sd huyen
ngheo chig'm 70% vfl ty Ie hp
nghdo cao gfi'p 3 ldn so vdi
trung binh c h u n g ciia ca
nUdc, mdi trudng ddu tU kinh
doanh ehfla thufin ldi, chi so
canh tranh cfl'p tinh (PCI) cua
nhieu d n h trong vung edn d
mflc th^p, chfl't Ifldng ngudn
nhfln lye ehfla dflp itng nhu
cdu phflt t n e n Cfic ed sd san
xufl't cua phu nfl vfin chu yg'u
theo hp gia dinh, hipu qua
c^nh t r a n h thfi'p; md hinh
kinh t l theo nhdm hd, td Uen
kit, hpp tflc xfi cua phy nfl
cdn it ty Ip mfl chfl vfl tai mu
chfl cao; phy nfl di cfl tfl do
bfi't bdp phfip qua bien gidi ed
chilu hudng gia tflng Dfic
biet, ngudn Iao dpng nfl qua
dflo tao thfl'p, ehUa dfip itng
yeu cdu flng dung tien bd
khoa hpc - ky thufit trong san
xulft, kinb doanh; sd' lupng
phy nfl Iao ddng tham gia vfio
Enh vye edng nghiep, tieu thu
cdng nghiep du lich, dieh vy
chiem ty Id thfl'p; ehuyen dich
cd cfi'u kinh t l chua tUdng
xflng vdi tien trinh cdng
nghiep bda, hien d ^ hda ndng
thdn cua viing; cupc chien
chdng ddi ngheo edn nhieu
gian nan vfi't va
Di nflng eao nfing lyc eanh
tranh cua phy nfl cac dfin tpc
Tfiy Bflc trong hpi nhfip vfi
phfit trien kinh te^ chiing tdi
k i l n nghi mdt so ndi dung sau:
Mdt la, can t i l p tuc thyc
hien long ghep gidi vfio cac chinh sach, chUdng trinh, dfl
an phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi
bao dam sy t h a m gia vfi t h y hfldng eiia phu nfl; thye hien tdt Chig'n Ifldc quoc gia ve binh dflng gidi, nhfim giup phy nfl, dflc biet phu nfl vflng
cd ddng ddng bflo dfln tdc
t h i l u so, viing mien niii, bien gidi cd n h i l u ed bdi tiep can
va tbam gia ddy du cae chinh sach, dich vu trong giam nghgo b i n vfllig vfi phat t r i l n kinh te'
Hai li sdm phg duyet de an; "Tuyen truyen, vin ddng,
hd trg phu nd din tgc thieu so xda md chd, phit tridn nghe' truyen tbdng, ning cao thu nhip, xda ddi giam ngheo"
giai doan 2016 - 2020 trong ehUdng trinh hfinb ddng tbflc hien Chien Ifldc edng tac dfln
tde d i n nflm 2020, vfi cfic di
an 295, 343 tieu de fln 554 giai doan 2, tap t r u n g hd trd phy nfl dan tdc t h i l u sd' m i l n niii, vung eao
Ba li, d cflc cfl'p hpi phy nfl,
tie'p tuc thyc hien khflu dot
phfl T a o chuyen bidn mdi ve chi't luong, hieu qua van ddng
bd trg phu nd phat trien san xui't, thuc binh tie't Idem, giam ngheo ben viing''g&n vdi Cudc vfin dpng "Xay dang gia dinh ~5 kbong 3 sach"gin vdi
xay diing ndng thdn mdi, dd tbi vanminh"phii hdp vdi dflc
thu hdi vign; t i l p tuc hd trp xfly dflng, nhfln rdng cac md hinh san xufl't, kjph doanh hieu qua; md rdng vfi n a n g tam quan he, hpp tflc, Ugn k i t gifla cac Ioai hinh kinh t e trong san xufl't, kinh doanb, tao r a chuoi gifi tri san phfim
cd thfldng hieu cua phy nfl cac dan tdc viing Ta\' Bflc Dfic biet vdi cbi em phu nfl dfl
d bfl't cfl hofln eanh nfio, cdn chu ddng tfch eye hpc tfip, nflng cao nhfin tbflc, flng dung khoa hpe - k^ thuflt vflo san xufi't; vfln ddng ngUdi thfln trong gia dinh, cdng ddng phflt huy npi lyc, tinh thdn t y lye ty eUdng, vUdn Idn trong eude sd'ng; tich eye tham gia eae boat ddng tfl thien, an sinh xfi bdi, tao viee Iflm, quan tflm hd trd, giiip dd phy nfl dfin tpc tbieu sd, phy nfl ed hoan canh khd khfln vfldn len giam ngheo, phfit trien kinh
t l - x a hdi, bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh, gdp phdn quan trpng vfio cudc van dpng xay dyng ndng thdn mdi d dia phUdng
Ben canh dd, khuyg'n khich chi em phy nfl viing Tay Bflc phat t r i l n md hinh kinh t l tfip the, kinh t l t r a n g trai, thfle dfiy Uen ket viing tao ra nhiing vung san xua^t hflng hda t a p trung, viing ehuyen eanh san xufl't ed gia tri kmh te'cao I