2020 Tom tat: Voi viec dam bao long gh6p gioi theo quan diSm "L6ng gh^p, bao dam binh ding gidi trong qua trinh xay dung va t3 chiic thyrc hi^n De an", Chuang trinh muc tigu qu6c gia p
Trang 1DAM BAO CO HOI CHO PHU NUf DAN TOC THIEU SO TIEP CAN
VA THAM GIA HIEU QUA VAO CHUONG TRINH MUC TIEU QUOC GIA PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI VUNG D^NG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO VA MIEN NUI GIAI DOAN 2021-2030
Bui Thi Hda*
* TS Pho Chil tjch l-igi Li^n hiep pliu nu* Viet Nam
Thong tin bai viet:
Tie Ichoa: Dan tgc thieu so, binh dang
gioi, long ghep gidi
Lfch su bdi viet:
Nhan bai
Bien tap
Duyet bai
: 02/03/2020
: 06/03/2020
: 07/03/2020
Article Infomation:
Keywords: Ethnic minorities; gender
equality; gender integration
Article History:
Received
Edited
Approved
: 02 Mar 2020
: 06 Mar 2020
: 07 Mar 2020
Tom tat:
Voi viec dam bao long gh6p gioi theo quan diSm "L6ng gh^p, bao dam binh ding gidi trong qua trinh xay dung va t3 chiic thyrc hi^n De an", Chuang trinh muc tigu qu6c gia phat triSn kinh t^
-xa hoi viing dong bao dan tpc thieu s6 va mien niii giai doan 2021
- 2030 duoc Chinh phu chuan hi trinh Quoc hpi khoa XTV tai ky hop thii 9, vci myc tieu tong quat: "thuc hien bmh ding gidi va giai quyet nhimg van de cap thiet dii voi phu nii va tre em"' se gia chuong trinh hieu qua v6i vai tr6 vita 11 chu the tham gia viia
la doi tugng thy hucmg chinh sach, Bai viet chi ra nhfmg nguy
CO bi bo lai phia sau cua phy nii dan toe thigu s6 va dua ra nhung khuygn nghi ve van de long ghep gidi trong Chuong trinh muc thieu so va mien nui giai doan 2021-2030,
Abstract:
In accordance with the viewpomt of "Integration and assurance
of the gender equality in the process of formulation and implementation of the Scheme", the national target Program on socio-economic development in the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas for period of 2021-2030 developed by the Government to submit to the 14th National Assembly at the 9th meetmg session, with the overall objectives: "to fulfill the gender equality and to solve urgent issues for women and children" will open up opportunities for ethnic minority women to access and participate effectively in the Program as a participant and be potential challenges, by which the ethnic mmority women being left behind and also provides recommendations on gender mainstreaming in the national target Program on socio-economic development in the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas period of 2021-2030
! Nghi quyet so 88/2019/QH 14,
Trang 21 Dat \kn 6h
Trong nhiSu nain qua, voi su quan tdm
cua Ddng va Nhd nuae, viing dan toe thi8u
so (DTTS) da dugc tao diiu kien de phdt huy
ngi luc vd dat dugc nhiing kit qud tich cue
trong phdt trien kinh ti - xd hgị Nam 2016,
t^ 1$ h6 ngheo theo chudn tiip can da chieu
vimg DTTS vd miin niii gidm khodng 2% so
vdi nam 2015, 98% so nguai thodt ngheo
khong bi tdi ngheọ Nhin chung, Vỉt Nam
da CO nhiing thdnh tuu dang ghi nh|n trong
viec gidm bdt binh đng trong xa hgi, bao
g6m cd bmh dang gidi vd binh dang giiia cac
đn tgc Mac du vdy, cdc con so thong ke
ciing cho thdy, Phu nu DTTS la nhom co
nhiSu nguy ca tut hdu han ca do tinh dl bi
ton thuong "kep" vdi đc thu vua Id phu nu,
vira la nguoi DTTS^
2 Phu nu DTTS voi nguy cff bf bo l?i
phia sau
Phu nii DTTS gap nhieu mi ro bi ngoai
le xd hgi va doi ngheo hem so vai dan ong
trong ciing cgng dong va phu nii thufic cdc
đn tgc da s6^ Bdo cdo Tom tat ve tinh hinh
phil nii vd tre em gai đn toe thieu so a Viet
Nam"* nhdn manh, trong cgng dong nguoi
đn tgc thieu so, phu nii vd he em gai thuang
Id nhiing doi tugng thiet thoi han cd ve kha
nang tiep can eac ca hgi, nguon lire va kha
ndng noi len tiSng noi eiia minh do cac chudn
mirc xa hgi dp dat vi tri thdp kem hon cho
hg, gioi ban hg a cdc hoat dgng smh con vd
sdn xudt hg gia dinh
Phu nir vd tre em gdi DTTS khd tiep can gido due vd đo tgọ Ket qua T6ng Diiu tra
dan so 2019 eho thay khoang each gidi lan nhdt trong ty le biet dgc, biit viit thugc vi khu vuc Trung du vd miin mii phia Bde, dac bỉt la cac tinh Hd Giang, Cao Bang, Bdc Kan, Ldo Cai, Dien Bien, Lai Chdu, Son La vai miic chenh lech toi thiiu Id 4.5 diim phdn tram (Bac Kan) vd cao nhdt len toi 23.3 diSm phdn tram (Lai Chdu), so voi con so trung bmh ea nuoc Id 2.4 diim phdn tram Ddy deu la eac tinh tap trung dong DTTS, vai ty le nguai DTTS tren t6ng dan s6 tinh t6i thiiu tu 66.21% (Ldo Cai) tra len= Trong do, nhom dan tgc Mong co ty le can bang gidi tinh cap tieu hgc ciia tre em; nhom ndy chi bang 0.95 thap hon miic can bang toi thieu Id 0.97, dong nghia vdi tre em gdi đn tgc Mong it dugc di hge hon so voi tre em nam ciing tgệ
Ngoai ra, phu niJ DTTS con bi hfrn che trong tiep can cac lop đo tao nghe - nghien ciiu cua Ngo Quang San khao sdt phu nu DTTS tai ba tinh Tdy Nam Bg da phdt hien mac du phy nii DTTS co nhu cdu dao tao nghi cao (66.2%) nhung chi c6 12,2% dugc tham gia kh6a dao tao nghe a Trung tdm hgc tap cgng d6ng vd duoi 10% tham gia cdc Trung tdm GDTX, đo tao nghi, THPT, va
da s6 cdc khoa đo tao nghi Id ngan han 3 thdng'
2 H6i Lign hiep phu nii Vigt nam, Uy ban Dan toe: "Dg phu nir dan toe thiiu s6 khong bi bo lai phai sau" Ha NOi thang 10/2019, tr.3
3 Commission, Ẹ (2008), Ethnic minority and Roma women in Europe: A case for gender equalitỷ
4 UNWomen (2015), Tom tit vk tmh hmh phy nii va tre em gai dan toe thigu s6 a Vigt Nam
5 T6ng cue Thing kg (2019), Kfit qua so bp T6ng Diiu tra Dan s6 va Nha a thai diSm 01/4/2019
Bp K£ hoach va DSu tu, UNICEF, "Tre em trong tiin trinh phat trign a Viet Nam- Chuang trinh nghi su phat triln bgn viing 2030", Hi Npi thang 9 nam 2018
6 Ngo Quang Son (2018), Nghign cicu mo hbih dao tao nghe cho phu nir dan t6c thilu s6 tai cac xa deic bigt kho khan 6 khu vuc Tay Nam Bo, Vigt Nam, Tap chi Dan tpc hpc s6 5, 71-79
7 World Bank (2018), Tixong lai viec lam 6 Vỉt Nam duoi goc nhin giaị
So 5(405) - T3/2020\^ | _ ^ p p | | A P
Trang 3Phu nie DTTS khd tiep can cdc ca hpi
vi viic ldm trd luang; thu nhdp thdp Kho
khdn trong tiep can gido due da ddn toi ty
le phy nii DTTS ldm cong viec chuyen mon
ky thuat rat thap, da so lam cong vi|c pho
thong, gidn don Chi 17% phu nii DTTS co
viec ldm dugc trd luong, kem 15 diem phan
tram so voi nam gioi ciing cgng dong va
thap hon 5 diim phdn tram so vai nii gioi
thugc dan tgc da so Thu nhdp tir ede eong
viec dugc trd luong bmh quan nam ehi Id
3.531 trieu ddng, thdp hon 1.543 trieu so
vdfi nam gi6i DTTS vd 2.153 trieu so vdi
phu nii dan tgc da s6^ Ngoai nhiing nguyen
nhdn nhu han che ve von tieng Viet vd kha
nang sii dung/sa hihi phuong tien giao
thong nhu xe may, mgt phdn nguyen nhdn
quan trgng la do phdn cong lao dgng trong
gia dmh da vd dang dat gdnh nang qud ldn
len vai nguoi phu nii^ - phu nii thugc mgt
s6 nhom ddn tge thiiu so phdi lam viec nhd
khong luong den chin gid mdi ngay so vdi
nam gid d phu nu Kinh^°
Van de tao hon, hon nhan can huyet vdn
tdn tgi dai dang & vung DTTS vd miin niii
Ty le tre em kit hon trude 18 tudi d ngudi
DTTS cao gdp hon nhiiu ldn so vdi ngudi
Kinh (23,r/o so vdi 9,2% d ngudi Kinh)
Theo T6ng Diiu tra Ddn s6 2019, cac ddn
tgc Lo Lo, Mdng, Kho Mii, Xinh Mun, Hre,
Gia Rai, Brdu Id cac dan tgc thiiu s6 co ty le
phil nu tu 20-24 tudi kit hon sdm cao nhdt
cd nudc, ca biet nhu dan tgc Mong thi ty IB
ndy len tdi 48%^' Ty le tre em gai DTTS
mang thai d tu6i vi thanh nien eao (116/1000
em tu6i 15-19) Hdn nhan can huyit tuy da giam nhung d mgt s6 dan tgc ty 1? nay van
cao: Ma (4,41%o), Mdng (4,36%), Mnong
(4,02%.), XtiSng (3,67%), co mgt s6 dan tgc
ty le nay din 10% (Ld Lo, Ha Nhin, Phii La, Chiit, Mong, E De, Chu ru, Pu peo, Si la, Ra mam, BdRdu, )'^
Tiip cgn cdc dich vu y te vd chdm sdc sice khde cua phu nii vd tre em DTTS cdn khodng cdch l&n Theo bdo cdo, van con
30,7% phil nii DTTS sinh con d nha so vdi 0.5% phu nii ddn tge Kinh; co tdi 25 dan t$c
CO ty 1? sinh con tai nhd chiim gdn 50%, tham chi co mgt so dan tgc, ty 16 smh eon tai nha len tdi 90% nhu La Ha, La Hii, Si la, Lu, Mdng Theo Ket qua khao sat di tdi thugc Chuang trinh Tay Nguyen 3, t^ 1^ ph\i nu DTTS khong den tr^m y te xa vd khong di
tu vdn siic khoe bdn thdn deu cao han so vdi nam gidi DTTS vd so vdi phu nu dan tOc Kinh tren dia bdn (ty le ldn lugt la 78.9%-74.5%-57.3% vd 32%-23.6%-22.4%), trong khi ty le dau 6m trong 12 thdng qua cua nhom phu nii DTTS len tdi 43.4% so vdi 36.1% dnam gidi DTTS vd 29.1% dphunu ngudi BCinh'^
Phu nii vd tre em DTTS cdn nhiiu nguy
ca khdng an todn trong gia dinh vd cpng ddng Trong 5 nam (2012-2017), s6 nan
nhdn bi mua ban vd nghi vdn bi mua ban Id 3.090 ngudi, trong do, 90% n ^ nhdn M ban sang Trung Qudc chil yeu Id phy nir, tre em
8 World Bank (2019), Research Report: Drivers of Socio-Economic Development among Ethnic Minority Groups in Vietnam
9 Worid Bank (2018), Tuong lai vigc lam 6 Vi?t Nam dudi goc nhin gidi ^
10 Ting cyc Th6ng ke (2019), Kit qua so bp T6ng DiSu tra Dan so vaNha a thai diem 01/4/2019,
11 T6ngcucTh6ngkevaUybanDant6c,Diiutrathuctrangkinhte-xahpi53dantpcthieus6,nam2015
12 Dang Nguygn Anh (2017), Tach bi?t xa hpi va bSt binh dang gidi cr Tay Nguyen, Tap chi Nghien cihi Gia dinh va Gidi s6 3, tr.50-59 , ,
13 Binh ding gidi cho phynu dan tpc thiiu s6: van con kho^gcach-Bao Nhan dan d.^Dtungay22/H/2oi7
I LAP P'HAPV^^ ^'""^^" '^^'^°^°
38
Trang 4(chiem tren 90% s6 nan nhdn), da s6 thugc
ede DTTS (tren 80%.); tinh trang bao luc
trong gia dinh DTTS xdy ra khd ph6 biin,
ddc biet d nhung dan tgc phu he C6 tdi
58,6% phu nu DTTS tir 15-49 chdp nhdn bao
luc tir chdng, ty le nay d phu nii Kinh vd Hoa
chi khodng 28%^''; tinh trang tu tu, tgi pham
ma tiiy, an mang, xam hai tre em d vung
DTTS vd mien niii cdnh bao tinh trang mdt
an todn dang dien ra Ngodi ra, han che trong
tiep can cdc ngudn sinh ke ben vung, ra
quyit dinh vd tham gia vao qua trinh ra
quyit dinh; dinh kien ve vai tro gidi ciing
khiin phu nu kho phat huy dugc nang luc
ngi tai vd tinh tu quyet cua minh trong gia
dinh vd cgng dong
Su tham gia gia cua phu nir DTTS trong
linh vuc chinh tri cdn nhiiu thdch thicc Ben
canh nhiing diem sang ve su tham gia cua nii
DTTS trong vi tri lanh dao cap cao eua bg
mdy Ddng vd Nhd nudc (1/3 nii Uy vien Bg
Chinh tri, 32,3% nu dai bieu Quoc hgi Id
ngudi DTTS trong nhiem ky 2016-2021),
nhin chung, ty le phu nii DTTS tham gia he
thing chinh tri thap hon nhieu so vdi ty le
chung vd so vdi nam gidi Q cap xa, cd
14,56% phu nii DTTS tham gia co quan
Sdng, 13,25% tham gia Hgi dong nhdn ddn,
24,99% tham gia co quan hanh chinh,
29,92% tham gia to chiic chinh tri - xa hgi
so vdi nam gidi d cdc co quan tuong duong
tren dia bdn'^
3 Long ghep gidi trong Chuffng trinh MTTG phat triin kinh te - xa hfii viing dong bao DTTS va miin nui giai doan 2021-2030
Nhan thay dugc nhiing kho khdn md phu nii DTTS da va dang phdi d6i mat, Dang vd Nhd nudc da co nhieu chinh sach, chucmg trinh uu tien huong den nhom doi tugng nay trong qud trinh thu hudng chinh sach, tieu bieu nhu Chuong trinh MTQG Giam ngheo ben viing giai doan 2016-2020 va sdp tdi Id Chuang trinh MTQG phat triin kinh ti - xd hgi vung dong bdo DTTS vd mien mii giai doan 2021-2030 Mgt trong nhung muc tieu quan trgng ciia Chuang trinh nay la long ghep gidi, hudng den xoa bo bdt binh dang gidi giiia cac nhom dan tgc
Cu the, Du thao Chuong trinh dat ra muc tieu den nam 2025: "Tren 80% phu nu
CO thai dugc khdm thai dinli ky, sinh con d
CO sd y te hoac c6 su trg giiip ciia can bg y te"; "gidra ty le tre em suy dinh dudng the nhe cdn xu6ng dudi 15%"; va xay dvmg cdc du an tap trung vdo cdc ITnh vuc co ban nhdt (nha d, ddt d, ddt sdn xuat, nudc sinh hoat, sdn xudt nong nghiep, lam nghigp, gido due, y te, van hoa, ddo tao can bg, xdy dung
he thong chmh tri ) 3/10 du an cua Chuong trinh'^ true tiep giai quyet cdc muc tieu cu thi vi gidi, phu nii vd tre em Dac bidt, Du
an 8 ddt ra muc tieu: binh dang gidi va gidi quyit mgt s6 vdn di edp thiit cua phu nii va
14 Hpi Lien hi?p phy nii Viet nam, Uy ban Dan tpc, "Dg Phu nii Dan tpc thiSu s6 khong bi bo lai phia sau" Ha noi thang 10/2019, tr.l2
15 Du thao, Chuang trinh myc tieu quic gia phat triln kinh tg - xa hpi viing d6ng bao dan tpc thieu so v^ mien nui giai doan 2021-2030 (thang 3/2020); Dy an 7: Cham soc siic khoe nhan dan, nang cao the trang, tim voc ngudi dan tpc thigu s6; phong ching suy dinh dudng tre em; Du an 8: Thuc hien binh dang gidi va giai quyit nhiing vin di cip thilt ddi vdi phy nii va tre em; Du an 10 Tmyen thong, tuyen truyen, van dong trong viing dong bao dan tpc thigu s6 va miin nui, giam sat danh gia viec to chiic thuc hien chuang trinh
16 SDG 5: D^t duac bmh ding gidi va trao quyin cho tit ca phu nu va tre em gai loan ciu; SDG 10: Giara bat binh dang trong va giiia cac quic gia
1 HOHIEH CUU
Trang 5tre em DTTS (tdo hon, hon nhan can huyit,
bao luc tren co sd gidi, dich vu chdm sdc siic
khoe, trg giup phdp ly, )
4 Khuyen nghi ve l^ng ghep gidi trong
Churffng trinh MTQG phat triin kinh te
-xa hoi viing d^ng bao DTTS va mi^n mii
giai doan 2021-2030
Viec thiet ke cdc du dn 7-8-10 trong
khuon kho Chuong trinh MTQG phdt triin
kinh te - xa hgi vung dong bdo DTTS va
mien mii giai doan 2021-2030 la minh chiing
the hien cam ket cua Chinh phii Viet Nam ve
phat trien ben viing Tuy nhien, de tdng
cudng hieu qud thuc hien binh dang gidi,
trong qud trinh xdy dung va thue thi Chuong
trinh, chiing toi eho rang, can phai luu y m6t
sd khuyen nghi sau:
Thir nhdt, binh ddng gi&i Id nguyen tdc
xuyen sudt trong qud trinh xay dung, to
cht^c thuc hien chinh sdch, phdp lugt
Thuc hi|n long ghep gidi la mot qua
trinh lien tuc nham Ihay doi tu duy, moi quan
he gidi giiia nam vd nii; hudng den eoi trgng,
xem xet vd gidi quyet mgi su khde biet giiia
nii va nam kip thdi, vi the, cdn dam bao binh
dang gidi xuyen suot d mgi edp, mgi giai
doan cua chu trinh chinh sach Binh dang
gidi xuyen suot Id mgt gidi phdp quan trgng
ma Chien luge quoc gia ve binh dang gidi
giai doan 2011- 2020 de cap, phu hgp vdi
quan diem eiia Lien hgp quoc''
Trong khi do, mac du Du thao Chuang
trinh MTQG phat trien kinh te - xa hgi viing
DTTS va miin mii giai doan 2021-2030 co
tat cd 14 muc tieu cu the, nhung chi c6 1 muc
tieu de cap den phu nii vd tre em; 7/10 du an
chua de cap den van de long ghep gidi
Nhieu muc tieu, chi tieu deu the hien chung
chung vd nhu nhau cho mgi doi tugng,
khong ctil ro chi tieu cy the doi voi pnu uu
va fre em gai DTTS Nguyen tdc bmh ddng gidi xuyen sudt dudng nhu chi "khu tru" d 3
Du an vd doi hoi dugc thi hien ddy dii vd hodn hien han, thong qua cdc muc tieu, chi tiSu cu the, CO chi va ngan sdch gidi phii hgp vdi quy dinh cua Ludt Binh dang Gidi (2007), Chiin luge qudc gia ve bmh ddng gidi (2011 -2020) va Chiin luge qudc gia vi bmh dang gidi giai doan tiep theo
Thir hai, long ghep gi&i trong du thdo Chuang trinh MTQG phdt triin kinh ti
-xa hgi vung BTTS vd miin nui giai dogn 2021-2030
Ve viec xdy dung Chuang trinh MTQG phat trien kinh ti - xa hgi vung DTTS va miin mii giai doan 2021 - 2030, cdn ehii y den nhu cdu khde biet giua cdc nhdm hudng thil chinh sdch, bao gdm cd khac biet gidi va khac biet ve vdn hoa dan tgc De bdo dam hieu qud cua long ghep gidi trong Chuong trinh, cdn quan tdm den: i) Nhung nhu edu
cua mdi gidi, bao gom nhu cdu gi&i thirc ti
hen quan tdi dieu kien song vd lam viec, nhu cau thiet yeu ciia vung DTTS, mien mii (an,
mdc, nudc sach, ve sinh moi trudng) vd nhu cdu gi&i chiin lucre ciia phu nu, tre em gdi
DTTS, mien niii (nhu cdu tham cliinh, nang
cao quyen nang kinh te, gido due); ii) Lpi ich cua mdi gi&i khi tham gia va thu hudng
chuong trinh, miic do eai thien dinh kien, thay ddi vai tro tham gia ciia mdi gidi, su ghi nhdn tieng noi cua moi ben, su eong bang trong tiep can chinh saeh, sir chia se trdch nhiem trong gia dinh, trong cgng ddng, vie#c
ra quyet dinh va iii) Bdi cdnh, su da dgng vdn hda vd diiu kiin kinh ti - xd hpi cua tung
viing, timg dan tgc idii xdc dinh nhu cdu can thiep thay ddi, dau tu phat trien Cu thi:
17 World Bank (2019), Research Report: Drivers of Socio-Economic Development among Ethnic Mmority Groups in Vietoam
I NGHllN CVU
' S 6 5(405)-T3/2020
Trang 6- Ddi vdi Du an 1, cdn bo sung tiSu chi
nhd tieu hgp ve sinh vdi chi tieu 50%) hg
DTTS cd nha xi hgp ve sinh (HVS)
- D6i vdi Du an 3, cdn b6 sung muc tieu
cua tiiu d\r an 1 vd 2: "Dam bdo phu nu
dugc tiep can day du vdi cac eo hgi phdt
triin san xudt ndng, ldm nghiep"; Tiiu du an
3: "Dam bdo phu nii dugc tiep can ddy du
vdi cdc CO hgi khdi su kinh doanh, khdi
nghiep" Bo sung chi tieu eua tieu du dn 1
va 2 (Du dn 3): "tdi thiiu 50% phu nii tham
gia va hudng lgi trong ede d\r dn phdt triSn
san xudt nong ldm nghiep, chan nudi" Vdi
cd ba tiiu du an, bo sung chi tieu: "it nhdt
30% ngdn sdch cua cdc tieu du dn trong Du
an 3 duge ddnh cho ede du dn, mo hinh, hoat
dpng nhdm thuc hien binh dang gidi/gidi
quyit cac vin di han che/khoang cdch gidi
tai dia phuong"
- DSi vdi Du an 5, cdn bo sung vdo Muc
a Tiiu du dn 5 muc tieu "ddm bao ty le biet
dpc, biit viit ciia phu nii DTTS khong thdp
hon nam gidi"; bd sung vao Mue c ngi dung
ho trg "Xdy dung chuong trinh, tdi lieu, cac
hgc heu dua vdo nen tang so, ede trd ehoi tren
dien thoai di khuyen khich phu nii tu hgc,
hpc tir vung, d6ng thdi ldm quen va diich ung
vdi cong nghe thdng tm d bac dan gidn"
+ B6 sung vdo Muc a Tieu du an 2 ngi
dung: "bdo ddm tdi thieu 50% ngudi dugc
dao tao Id nii"; bo sung vdo Muc c phdn "bdi
duong kien thiic dan tgc" va phdn "ndng cao
ndng luc cho cgng dgng va cdn bg trien khai
chuong trinh" ngi dung: "boi dudng kien
thiic ve gidi va long ghep gidi trong thuc
hien cac chinh sach ve dan tgc", bdi tren
thuc te, nang luc long ghep gidi trong xay
dung vd thuc thi du dn/chinh sdch ciia can
bp dia phuong cdn nhieu han che
Ngoai ra, de dam bdo xda bo cac rdo can
lien quan din tudi tham chinh cua phu nii,
can bi sung vdo Muc c ngi dung "hd trg cho
phu nu di hgc bao gdm trg cap khi mang con
di hgc" Nguyen nhdn la do co din 66.1% phu nii DTTS di hge khong dting dp tu6i nen nhieu phu nii co uy tin, eo nang luc ldm cdn
bg CO the theo hgc dai hgc khi da lap gia dinh
vd CO con
+ B6 sung vdo Mue a Tiiu du dn 4 muc tieu "dam bdo tii thiiu 15% lao dong DTTS duge dao tao nghe, trong do bao ddm tii thieu 50% ngudi dugc tham gia cdc boat dgng hudng nghiep, dao tao nghi, dich vu gidi thieu viec lam la phu nii"
- Ddi vdi Du an 7, de xuat bd sung muc tieu "98%i ddng bdo ddn tgc thiiu s6 tham gia bdo hiim y ti, trong do ty le nii DTTS
su dung the BHYT la 50%"
Cuoi cung, edn ra sodt bi sung chi tieu tham gia cua phii nu trong cac du dn, tiiu du
an Neu khong dugc xac dinh bdng mgt chi tieu nhdt dinh thi chac chan su tham gia, thu hudng vd dugc ton vinh cua phu nu DTTS
se rat bi ban che so vdi nam gidi DTTS
Thu ba, gidm sdt, ddnh gid thuc hien muc tieu Binh ddng gi&i trong Chuffng trinh muc tieu quoc gia phdt trien kinh te
-xd hoi vUng BTTS vd mien nui giai dogn 2021-2030
Binh dang gidi la mgt muc tieu cua Chugng trinh MTQG phdt trien kinh te - xa hgi vung DTTS vd mien mil giai doan 2021
- 2030 va CO trong nhiiu tieu du dn De gidm sat, danh gia chinh xac, kip thdi tdc dgng ciia chuang trinh, ciia tung dir dn doi vdi timg gidi, dam bao tdt ca cac hoat dpng cua Chuong trinh khong tao ra nhung tdc dgng tieu cue din phu nii vd nam gidi, cdn xdy dung bg s6 lieu diiu tra co ban ban ddu cd phdn tach theo gidi tinh va dua tren cdc vdn
di cu the ve gidi
Di lam dugc diiu ndy, cdn xdy dung 01
bg eong cu bao quat todn bg ngi dung cdn giam sdt, ddnh gid ve thuc hien binh dang gidi h-ong m6i du an/tiiu du an, to chiic giam sat, danh gia theo quy dinh ciia Chuong hinh;
» NGHlfiN CUU I R l
So 5(405)-T3/2020^L^p p f f A P ^ '
Trang 7cdn quy dinh va hudng ddn can bg chuang
trinh, du an su dung cdc phuang phdp va
cdng eu giam sat, ddnh gia giiip thu thdp s6
lieu va thong tm c6 phdn tdch theo gidi tinh
vd cac van de cu the ve gidi (cd dinh tinh va
dinh lugng) di do ludng vd danh gid miic do
lgi ich vd hieu qud mang lai cho timg gidi
Trong qua trinh trien khai chuang trinh, cac
hoat dgng gidm sat - ddnh gia dugc xdc dinh
theo ehu trinh nam/ giai doan, niu phdt hien
nhiing khac biet giiia hai gidi (vi du ve miic
do hudng lgi, ve su tdc dgng bat lgi ), cdn
phan tich cac nguyen nhan de co gidi phdp
phu hgp dieu chinh boat dgng hodc cdch thiic
thuc hien boat dgng
Thu tu, xdc dinh hogt dgng vd cdch
thuc thuc hien hogt dgng Chucmg trinh
MTQG phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi vung
DTTS vd miin nui giai dogn 2021-2030
Chuong trinh can xdc dinh va lua chgn
cdch thiic thuc hien cdc hoat dgng phu hgp
de cd nam gidi vd phu nii deu co the tham
gia hieu qua Vi du: boat dgng nao cdn cd sir
tham gia ciia cd nam va nii, boat dgng danh
cho cdc doi tugng rieng, tuyen truyen ve
binh ddng gidi cdn co sir tham gia cua tdt ca
cdc thdnh vien trong cgng dong, luu tdm cac
van de nhay cdm gidi; Idy y kien ciia phu nii
ve sinh de an toan thi nen mdi rieng nhom
phu nii, bo tri ngudi dieu hdnh la phu nii
De phu nii tham gia hieu qua vao cac du
dn cua chuong trinh, cdn quy dinh ty le phu
nii duge tham gia hgp hdnh, bay to chinh
kien cua minh; can bo sung vdo Du dn 4
nguyen tac: "Cdc cong trinh dau tu phdi
dugc di xudt cua toi thieu 50% phu nii tham
du cac cuge hgp lap ke hoach hang nam thuc
hien Chuong trinh", hoac bo sung quy dinh
ddm bdo ty le tham gia toi thieu cua phu nir
la 50% trong cdc ca hpi viec lam cong, theo
Nghi dinh s6 61/2015, Thong tu s6
15/2017 ); uu tien cac du dn phdt trien sdn
xuat, phat trien chudi gid tri co su tham gia
tich cue, ehii dgng va hudng lgi cong bang cua phu nu; khuyen khich phu nii lam trudng nhdm hodc la thdnh vien ndng cdt ciia cdc td nhom, to hgp tde
Chuang trinh edn nghien ciiu bo sung vai tro cua cdc td chuc dai dien nhu Mat trdn
Td quoc vd cdc to chiic chinh tri - xa hgi trong cong tde tuyen truyin, van dgng nhdn dan tham gia thuc hien Chucmg trinh; tham gia gidm sat, danh gid Chuong trinh; bo sung vai tro ciia Hgi LHPN trong gidm sdt, phoi hgp, chii tri to chiie thuc hien cac boat dgng ciia cdc du dn hen quan den phu nii, gia dinh, binh ddng gidi
Thd- ndm, nguon luc cua Chucmg trinh muc tieu quoc gia phdt triin kinh te
-xa hgi vdng DTTS vd mien nui giai dogn 2021-2030
- Xdy dung du todn ngdn sdch cua
Chuong trinh, du dn bao gom ed ngan sach cho cac boat dpng long ghep gidi, ddm bdo phan bo du nhdn luc vd tdi chinh de thuc hien eac hoat dgng long ghep gidi
- Ddi vdi can bg cua Chuang trinh cdn dua ra eac yeu cdu hi6u biet ve gidi va thiic day binh ddng gidi; thudng xuyen to chiic tap hudn nang cao nang luc long ghep gidi cho dpi ngii cdn bp ciia Chuang trinh
- Trong qud trinh to chuc, phdn cong cong viec can tinh todn, can nhdc phdn cong trdch nhiem va cdng viec mgt each phu hgp giua can bp nam vd nii;
- Cam ket vd thuc hien ddy du cdc nguyen tac, ngi dung ciing nhu bien phap thiic ddy binh ddng gidi trong qud trinh td chiic, dieu phdi thuc hien Chuang trinh MTQG phdt triin kinh ti - xa hgi vung DTTS vd miin mii giai doan 2021 - 2030 Ket luan
Bmh ddng gidi la viec nam, nii co vi tri, vai tro ngang nhau, dugc tao dieu kien va co hgi phat huy nang luc ciia minh cho sir phdt
Trang 8trien ciia cgng ddng, cua gia dinh vd thu phu nii DTTS tiep can va tham gia, hudng lgi hudng nhu nhau vi thdnh qua ciia su phat tir Chuong trinh MTQP phdt triin kinh ti -triin do Binh dang gidi la m§t trong nhung xa hgi viing DTTS vd mien mii giai doan tieu chi quan trgng di danh gia s^ phat trien 2021-2030 cdn phdi dugc xdc Igp tu khau cua mgt xa hgi, mpt ddt nudc, tu no Id myc thigt ke, xay dung, den thuc thi vd gidm sat, tieu ciia suphdt trien vd la yeutd ho trg, nang ddnh gia Chuong trinh Day chinh Id diiu cao khd nang tang trudng kinh ti vd tiin bg kien quan trgng di phu nii DTTS khdng bi
xd hgi cua quoc gia Viec ddm bdo co hgi de bd lai phia sau trong qua trinh phdt triin •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bg Ke hoach vd Ddu tu, UNICEF, "Tre em trong tien trinh phdt ttiin d Viet Nam- Chuang
trinh nghi sy phat trien ben vung 2030", Hd Ngi thdng 9 nam 2018
2 Commission, E (2008) Ethnic minority and Roma women in Europe: A ease for gender equality?
3 Dang Nguyen Anh 2017, Tdch bi^t xa hgi vd bdt binh dang gidi d Tdy Nguyen, Tgp ehi Nghien ciiu Gia dinh vd Gidi so 3, tt.50-59
4 Hdi Lien hiep Phu nii Viet nam, Uy ban Ddn tgc, "De Phu nir Ddn tdc thiiu sd khdng bi
bd lgi phia sau " (Hd ngi thdng 10/ 2019), tr.l2
5 Hdi Phy nii vd Uy ban Dan tpc (2020) "De phu nu dan tgc thieu sd khdng bi bo lai phia sau", tr.3
6 Ngan Anh (2017), Bmh dang gidi cho phu nii ddn tdc thiSu so: Vdn con khodng each -Bao Nhdn dan dien tOr ngdy 22/11/2017
7 Ngo Quang Son (2018), Nghien ciiu mo hmh ddo tao nghi cho phy nii dan tge thieu sd tai cdc xd ddc biet kho khan d khu vyc Tay Nam Bg, Viet Nam, Tap chi Dan tpc hpc so
5, ttang 71-79
8 Tong cyc Thdng ke (2019), Kit qua so bg Tong Diiu tta Ddn sd vd Nha d thdi diim 01/4/2019
9 Tong cue Thong ke vd Uy ban Ddn tgc, Diiu tta thuc ttang kmh te - xa hgi 53 ddn tge thieu so, nam 2015
10 UNWomen (2015), Tom tat vi tinh hinh phu nii vd tXQ em gdi ddn tgc thiiu so d Viet
Nam
11 Uy ban Ddn tgc, Irish Aid, UNDP, Tdng quan thuc ttang kmh ti - xa hpi ciia 53 ddn tgc thiiu s6, Ha ngi, thdng 5- 2017, tt.41
12 Uy ban Dan tgc, Bdo cdo di xudt chii truang ddu tu Chuang trinh muc tieu qudc gia phdt triin kmh ti - xa hpi vung ddng bdo ddn tgc thiiu sd vd mien mii giai doan 2021 - 2030 (Bdn trinh Co quan Hgi ddng thim dinh Nha nudc, thdng 3/2020)
13 World Bank (2018), Tuang lai viec lam d Viet Nam dudi gde nhin gidi
14 Worid Bank (2019), Research Report: Drivers of Socio-Economic Development among Ethnic Mmority Groups in Vietoam
15 Young Lives (2018), Trudng thdnh: Ky ndng, lap nghiep vd xdy dyng gia dinh
V NGHIEN Clill 43