bài giảng viruses của đại học SAS

What are VirusesA virus is a non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells... That is a crude cell, it is not a virus because viruses are p

Viruses &

Bacteria

Chapter 17 Biology 11

Presentation put together by Mandie

Lynn Walls

What are Viruses

A virus is a non-cellular particle made

up of genetic material and protein

that can invade living cells.

T4 Bacteriophage

Herpes Virus

Escherichia Coli Bacterium

E coli is a bacterium That is a crude cell, it is not a virus because viruses are protein containers with DNA cores or

E Coli and the Bacteriophage

What it looks like in real life

The Structure Of a Virus

 Viruses are composed

Cycle of Lytic and Lysogenic

Vaccines

attenuated vaccines

killing the virus

A typical, "minimal"

retrovirus consists of:

•an outer envelope which

was derived from the plasma membrane of its host

•many copies of an envelope protein embedded in the lipid bilayer of its envelope

•a capsid; a protein shell

containing

•two molecules of RNA and

•molecules of the enzyme

reverse transcriptase

Bacteria Cell

can see them with the unaided eye

Eubacteria or the

Archebacteria Kingdoms

kingdoms

Make up the larger of

the two prokaryote

oxygen and can live

in extremely salty

environments as well

Identifying Prokaryotes

Cell Shape

Cell Wall

Movement

Bacterium Shapes

 Cocci~ Sphere shaped

bacteria

 Bacillus~ Rod shaped bacteria

 Spirrillium ~ Spiral shaped

bacteria

 Flagella~ Leg-like structures that help to propel the

bacterium

Gram + and Gram – Bacterium

Cell Walls

Cellular Walls

 Chemical nature of a cell wall can be determined

by Gram Staining

 By finding out what color the cell produces when

it is gram stained you can figure out the type of carbohydrates in the cell wall

the whips around to propel the bacterium

• Cillia ~ Miniature flagella

surround the cell that help to

“swim”

structures that keep the

bacterium from moving

Flagella

Bacteria and their energy

 Autotrophs

 Chemotrophs

 Heterotrophs

 Make own Energy

 Using Chemical energy

 Eg Archaebacteria

 Obtain food

 By eating

 Eg E-coli

Bacteria Respiration

 Obligate Anaerobes

 Facultative Anaerobes

 Obligate Aerobes

 Live without Oxygen

 Can live with or without oxygen

 Cannot live without oxygen

Bacteria Reproduction

Cellular organism copies it’s genetic information then splits into

 A type of Bacteria Sex

 Two organism swap genetic information, that contains the

information such as a resistance to penicillin

Spore Formation: Endospore

environmental stresses such

as:

-High temperatures -Irradiation

-Strong acids -Disinfectants

vegetative cells in response to

environmental signals that

indicate a limiting factor for

vegetative growth, such as

exhaustion of an essential

nutrient

 Close relationship

between to species in

which at least one

species benefits from

the other

 Live together for LIFE

of the species live

together in such a way that both benefit from

the relationship

Nitrogen Fixations

Process by which nitrogen in the

atmosphere is converted into a form that can be used by living things

THE END

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