Travel to Copenhagen docx

Download free ebooks at bookboon.com6 Historical outline Settlements have existed for more than 6,000 years in the area that is now Copenhagen, but the city was mentioned first time as

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Translation: Claus Jensen

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ISBN 978-87-7061-420-7

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A Visit to Copenhagen

Copenhagen is the City by the Sea, the capital of

Denmark, with many attractions and short distances

between them

Copenhagen’s medieval profile with its many towers

is unforgettable, and a stroll or a boat trip through

the old part of the city is particularly impressive

The famous Danish “cosiness” is a natural part of a

visit to Wonderful Copenhagen

Top 5 Attractions

1 Amalienborg Castle and the Marble Church

2 Tivoli

3 Frederiksborg Castle

4 The Little Mermaid

5 Church of Our Saviour

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Historical outline

Settlements have existed for more than 6,000 years

in the area that is now Copenhagen, but the city was

mentioned first time as Havn (Haven), an

insignificant village by the sea, in 1043 AD When

commerce increased, not least between Roskilde and

Lund, the main city in the Danish part of Skaane

Havn began to grow in size and importance

In 1150, King Valdemar gave Havn to Bishop

Absalon Absalon founded the new castle, and with

it Copenhagen - City of Merchants The castle was

both a residence and a fortress whose primary

function was to defend Havn against pirates

Copenhagen’s growing wealth turned the city into a

trade competitor in the Baltic area, and it was

attacked twice by the North German city of Lübeck

during the 13th century On both occasions

Copenhagen was quickly rebuilt In 1254, Bishop

Erlandsen gave Copenhagen official status as a

market town

By 1334, Copenhagen’s population had risen to

5,000 and Gammeltorv (Old Market) had become

one of the country’s important meeting points The

city was also attracting many Germans

In 1397, Copenhagen became centre for the Nordic

countries under the Kalmar Union Queen

Margrethe I married the King of Norway and

became ruler of Sweden as well In 1417, King Erik

of Pommern won back Copenhagen from the

Church, and the city became a royal residence

Copenhagen was situated centrally in the kingdom,

which consisted of Denmark, Sweden and Norway,

and the flourishing city soon became a military and

political centre King Christian I was the first to be

crowned in the city, and he started the construction

of new buildings and institutions, such as The Castle

of Copenhagen and its University from 1479

The Reformation reached Denmark in 1536, but there had been internal strife in the years previous, leading to imprisonment of the bishops and proclamation of the Protestant faith by King Christian III Protestantism is still Denmark’s state religion

In 1596, Christian IV was crowned king and he made a unique mark on Copenhagen Many of the city’s finest buildings were erected under his rule Among them are Rosenborg Castle, Rundetårn (Round Tower), Børsen (The Exchange) Nyboder, the city quarter of Christianshavn, and the beautiful Fredensborg Castle

Copenhagen continued growing, and in the beginning of the 18th century the population had reached 60,000, all living in the small medieval city centre

In 1711, the plague wiped out 1/3 of Copenhagen’s population, and two major fires in 1728 and 1795 destroyed large parts of the city This lead to the construction of the large stone houses, which are still standing in some places

Copenhagen suffered further large-scale destruction

in 1801 and again in 1807, when the British Navy sought to prevent the large Danish fleet from being placed at the disposal of Napoleon Three hundred buildings and the city’s tallest church spire were destroyed in the bombardment

During the industrialization of the 19th century, Copenhagen grew rapidly The earthworks encircling the city gave way to new residential areas, great shipyards and other industries were founded, and in 1847 the first railroad between Copenhagen and Roskilde was built

Cultural life flourished as well in this golden age Personalities such as Hans Christian Andersen, Søren Kierkegaard and Bertel Thorvaldsen lived and worked in Copenhagen

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The king’s residence, Christiansborg, was damaged

by a fire, and the royal family moved to their present

residence at Amalienborg Christiansborg was rebuilt

at the beginning of the 20th century and used as

parliament building

Copenhagen suffered only light damage during

World War II, which is one of the reasons why it

quickly regained its position as a regional centre

among the Scandinavian countries The city’s

development continued throughout the latter half of

the 20th century, during which the Danish Welfare

State came into existence

In 2000, Copenhagen became connected via the Øresund Bridge with the former Danish possessions in the southern part of present-day Sweden Development of the Sound area as a central part of the Baltic region is ongoing and includes Ørestad, a brand new part of Copenhagen

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Copenhagen 1.4 million, Aarhus 0.3 million, Odense

0.2 million, Aalborg 0.1 million

Memorial Days and Holidays

1 January (New Year’s Day), Maundy Thursday*, Good Friday*, Easter Day*, Easter Monday*, General Prayer Day*, Ascension Day*, Whit Sunday*, Whit Monday*, 5 June (Constitution Day),

15 June dag (Flag Day), 24 December (Christmas Eve’s Day), 25 December (First Day of Christmas),

26 December (Second Day of Christmas), *Date varies

Emergency Numbers

112

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S-train: Nørreport or Østerport

The Hirschsprung Collection was founded by

tobacco manufacturer Heinrich Hirschsprung

During the last decades of the 19th century, he

bought a large amount of art by Danish artists,

which he donated to the Danish State in 1902 The

museum named in his honour was opened in 1911

The museum holds a fine collection of Danish

paintings from the Golden Age of the 19th century

Among them is found the famous 1899 work by

Peder Severin Krøyer, Summer Evening By Skagen’s

Beach

2 Statens Museum for Kunst /National

Art Museum (Sølvgade 48-50)

www.smk.dk

S-train: Nørreport

The National Art Museum’s pompous building was

designed by Jens Vilhelm Dahlerup and erected in

1889-1896 It holds Danish and international art

from the 14th century to present-day

The older collection has works by artists such as

Rembrandt, Fran Hals and Rubens The Modern era

is represented by Picasso, Edvard Munch and

Matisse, among others

The museum is situated in the park, Østre Anlæg,

which is a remnant of Copenhagen’s historic

earthworks, complete with bastions and a moat

3 Nyboder (Skt Paulsgade 24)

www.orlogsmuseet.dk/nybod22.htm S-train: Østerport

The charming Nyboder was built by King Christian

IV in 1631-1641 as the world’s first terrace houses

It was intended as a residential area for the people

of the Danish Navy and their families The houses were originally around 40 m², but they were later converted and expanded One of the original blocks from 1631 can be seen in Skt Pauls Gade (St Paul’s Street), where, in no 24, it is possible to visit

Nyboders Mindestuer (Nyboder Memorial Rooms)

4 Kastellet/The Citadel (Entrance from Esplanaden/Langelinie)

S-tog: Østerport

Kastellet is a uniquely well-preserved fortification, commenced by King Christian IV and completed

by King Frederik III It is located on Frederikshavn

Kastellet has five bastions and a moat, all preserved Originally there was a mill on each of the five bastions, but today only one is left Other preserved buildings include the beautiful entrance portals, the barracks and the church, built in 1703-1704 Today Kastellet functions as a barracks, but everything is open to the public

5 Den Lille Havfrue/ The little Mermaid (Langelinie)

The world famous Little Mermaid is a sculpture made by Edvard Eriksen in 1913 It is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen’s fairytale of the same name The Little Mermaid is sitting on a stone by the water’s edge at the entrance to Copenhagen Harbour

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6 Gefion-springvandet/Gefion

Fountain (Langelinie/Amaliegade)

This is Copenhagen’s largest monument, built in

1908 by the Danish sculptor Anders Bundgård The

fountain illustrates the myth of the Swedish King

Gylfe, who let the goddess Gefion keep all the land

she could plough in a single day Gefion turned her

four sons into oxen and together they ploughed all

of Sjælland (Seeland) and placed it between Fyn

(Funen) and Skåne (Scania)

7 Frederiksstaden/Frederik’s Town

Metro: Kongens Nytorv

King Frederik V founded the new city part,

Frederiksstaden in 1748 on the occasion of the

ruling Oldenborgian Dynasty’s third centennial

Frederiksstaden was intended as a fashionable

quarter, and Gottlob Moltke was put in charge of

the planning whereas Nicolai Egtved became the

chief architect

Amalienborg Castle, Frederikskirken (Frederik’s

Church) and Marmorkirken (The Marble Church)

became the centre of the area Other impressive

buildings, such as the Odd Fellow Palace, are

primarily situated in Bredgade

8 Alexander Nevsky Church

(Bredgade 53)

This Russian Orthodox Church with its three golden

onion domes was built 1881-1883 with assistance

from Tsar Alexander III The church is in 17th

century Russian architectural style; it is a beautiful

and exotic feature in Copenhagen’s scenery, and it

has several beautiful icons

9 Frederikskirken/Marmorkirken Frederik Church/Marble Church (Frederiksgade)

www.marmorkirken.dk Metro: Kongens Nytorv

The foundation stone of the Marble Church was laid by King Frederik V in 1749, but a few years after his death in 1766 the construction was halted and a long time would pass before the church was completed

The marble Church stood unfinished for more than

a century, but in 1874 the financier Carl Frederik Tietgen bought the church and surrounding plots, and in 1877 the construction work resumed The Marble Church finally stood finished in 1894

The building style is Italian Baroque, and the impressive dome is the third largest in Europe with

a span of 32 metres There are several statues of Danish ecclesiastical personalities around the church, among them St Ansgar and Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig

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10 Amalienborg Slot/Amalienborg

Castle (Amalienborg

Slotsplads/Amalienborg Castle Square)

www.ses.dk/12a000c & www.kongehuset.dk

Amalienborg Castle has been the residence of the

Danish Royal Family since the fire at Christiansborg

in 1794 The four beautiful Rococo palaces, centrally

located in Frederiksstaden, are among the finest in

Europe Four noble families were given the land

plots on the condition they build the palaces

according to Nicolai Eigtved’s design from 1749

Christian VIII’s Palace houses the museum, the

Royal Danish Collections (Danske Kongers

Kronologiske Samling), which tells the history of

Danish kings from 1863 to 1947 Visitors to the

museum also have an excellent opportunity to see

one of the beautiful palaces from the inside

On Amaliensborg’s Palace Square stands the statue

of Jaques Francois Joseph Saly from 1771 This is considered one of the finest equestrian statues in the world

Amalie/Garden (Amaliehaven) is from 1983 It offers a terrific view of the Castle and the Marble Church, as well as the Opera house at the other side

of the harbour The Opera house was built in 2005 according to Henning Larsen’s design

11 Den Kongelige Afstøbningssamling/The Royal Cast Collection (Toldbodgade 40)

www.smk.dk Metro: Kongens Nytorv

This museum is part of the National Art Museum, and it is one of the world’s largest cast collections with more than 2,000 works from 4,000 years of Western civilization

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Copenhagen Trip 2

12 Nyhavn/New haven

www.nyhavn.com

Nyhavn, the Canal Street, is famous for its cosy

ambience; it attracts many people, both tourists and

locals It was built in 1671 by King Christian V and

originally named Nyhavnskanalen (New Haven

Canal) A similar Canal was planned for St Annæ

Square, but it was never carried out

Some of the many houses along the canal date back

to the earliest days, and many of them display the

year they were finished For many years Nyhavn was

typical harbour area with small joints, sailors ashore

and filles de joie But today Nyhavn’s many bars,

restaurants and beautiful old wooden boats are for

the whole family

The storyteller Hans Christian Andersen was very

fond of Nyhavn’s atmosphere, and he stayed there

during several periods of his life, in numbers 18, 20

and 67

13 Det Kongelige Teater/The Royal DanishTheatre (Kongens Nytorv)

www.kglteater.dk Metro: Kongens Nytorv

Vilhelm Dahlerup’s theatre building was built in 1872-1874 as a replacement for the previous theatre from 1748 Its architectural style was inspired by the Renaissance

In front of the theatre there is a statue of Ludvig Holberg and one of Adam Oehlenschläger, whose plays have often been performed at the theatre The Royal Theatre is exquisitely furnished, and the large hall accommodates 1,500 guests In 1931 a new

stage was added Its popular name is Stærekassen

(Starling’s Nest Box), and it is reserved for plays

14 Holmens Kirke/Holmen’s Church (Holmens Kanal/Holmen’s Canal)

www.holmenskirke.dk Metro: Kongens Nytorv

In 1619, King Christian IV turned the old anchor forge into a Naval church It was reconstructed in the characteristic Christian IV Renaissance style The altarpiece from 1661 and the baptismal font from 1662 were both made by Abel Schrøder Among the Church’s interesting interior features are the sarcophagi of the naval heroes Peter Tordenskjold and Niels Juel

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15 Børsen/The Bourse (Børsgade)

www.borsbygningen.dk

Copenhagen’s Old Bourse was built by King

Christian IV in 1619-1645 It was originally intended

as a large market hall The building is 128 metres

long and 21 metres wide It is decorated in

sumptuous Renaissance style with the characteristic

Dragon Spire from 1625 in a central position The

spire comprises four intertwined dragons Today, the

building houses the Danish Chamber of Commerce

16 Det Kongelige Bibliotek/The Royal Library (Søren Kierkegaards Plads 1)

www.kb.dk S-tog: København H

The Royal Library consists of two buildings: Den Sorte Diamant (The Black Diamond), made of black marble, which reflects in the water, was finished in 1999 It is one of Copenhagen’s most characteristic buildings The old part of the library was built in 1898-1906 to hold the large collections founded by King Frederik III in 1670 The beautiful building frames the tranquil Royal Library Garden, which until 1868 had been a naval harbour basin

Some of the large mooring rings from the maritime age can still be seen there

On Søren Kierkegaards Plads by the Royal Library stands the Isted Lion, made by Herman Wilhelm Bissen in 1859-1860 as a monument to the Danish victory in the Battle of Isted, 1850 The Lion was moved to Berlin in 1864, but returned to Denmark

in 1945

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17 Christianskirken/Christian’s Church

(Strandgade 1)

www.christianskirke.dk

Metro: Christianshavn

The beautiful Christian’s Church was built in the

Rococo period 1755-1759; the spire was added in

1769 The church was intended for Copenhagen’s

German congregation, and its original name was

Frederik’s German Church

The Christian’s Church’s interior layout is atypical

with balconies on different levels arranged around

the central space

18 Vor Frelsers Kirke/Church of Our Saviour (Skt Annæ Gade 29)

www.vorfrelserskirke.dk Metro: Christianshavn

Church of Our Saviour was built in 1682 in Dutch Baroque style The church is famous for its outside spiral staircase winding around the 86-metre-high church tower from 1752 The tower has 400 steps, the last 150 of them on the outside Those who brave all 400 steps will be rewarded with one of the best views of the city

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Operaen is the name of the Royal Theatre’s opera

house on Holmen It was built and presented to the

Danish state by ship owner Mærsk

McKinney-Møller, whose head office is situated in the white

office buildings on the opposite side of the harbour

entrance Operaen was designed by Henning Larsen

and opened in 2005 The building has 14 stories, 5

underground The large hall can accommodate 1,500

guests

The works of several famous artists are on display, among them four bronze reliefs by the Dane Per Andersen Kirkeby, and three fantastic chandeliers

by Icelander Olafur Eliasson Per Arnoldi is responsible for the colour designs in the building, wich is characterized by high quality building materials and excellent workmanship

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Copenhagen Trip 3

20 Botanisk Have/Botanic Garden

www.botanic-garden.ku.dk

S-tog/metro: Nørreport

Botanic Garden is situated in Copenhagen’s “green

belt”, the city’s former earthworks and moats The

beautiful and tranquil Garden belongs to

Copenhagen University It was founded in 1871 as

the fourth of its kind in Copenhagen The Garden’s

thousands of plants are partly housed in the 30

greenhouses, of which the large Palm House is the

most popular Copenhagen’s Geological Museum is

also located in the Garden

21 Rosenborg Slot/Rosenborg Castle

(Øster Voldgade 4A)

www.rosenborgslot.dk

King Christian IV built Rosenborg Castle in

1606-1633 as a summer residence in the newly landscaped

park, Kongens Have (King’s Garden), outside the

city’s old earthworks The castle

was built in Dutch Renaissance style and functioned

as royal residence until 1710

Since 1858, Rosenborg has been a museum housing the unique Rosenborg Collections, which include the Crown Jewels

King’s Garden, a delightful oasis in the centre of Copenhagen, is also worth a visit

22 Rundetårn/Round Tower;Trinitatis Kirke Trinity Church (Købmagergade 52A)

Rundetårn and Trinitatis Church were built during the reign of King Christian IV The construction began in 1637, and Rundetårn was finished in 1642, whereas Trinity Church did not open until 1656

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The characteristic Rundetårn is one of Copenhagen’s

icons It is perhaps best known for its

209-metre-long spiral staircase, which leads from street level to

the top of the tower 36 metres up Rundetårn

functioned partly as an observatory, partly as

entrance to the university library, which was located

on the top floor of the Church In 1716, when the

Russian Tsar, Peter the Great, visited Copenhagen,

he rode his horse to the top of Rundetårn

23 Regensen (Købmagergade/Store

Kannikestræde)

www.regensen.dk

Regensen goes back to 1569, where King Frederik II

founded Kommunitetet, which was a foundation to

support 100 university students A grant from King

Christian IV was in 1618-1628 used to turn an old

nobleman’s estate into a student hall of residence

Parts of Regensen had to be rebuilt after the fire in

1728

The King originally intended Regensen for needy

students, and it was possible to stay there free of

charge until 1983 Among the historical events that

have taken place at Regensen was the creation of the

Faroese flag, Merkið, by the alumni Jens Lindvig in

19th centuries The Square is shielded from the bustle of the nearby streets, which makes it an ideal place to relax on a bench or in a café

25 Helligåndskirken/Church of the Holy Ghost (Niels Hemmingsensgade 5)

www.helligaandskirken.dk S-tog/metro: Nørreport

The story of the Church of the Holy Ghost began with the construction of Helligåndshuset (House of the Holy Ghost) ca 1300 The House functioned as

a kind of hospital and home for sick or lonely senior citizens In connection with the House, a church was built This was the original Church of the Holy Ghost When King Christian visited the Pope in Rome in 1474, he was given permission to build a larger monastic hospital in Copenhagen This resulted in expansion of both the Church and the House of the Holy Ghost, which is still standing today The medieval church was destroyed in a fire

in 1728 and rebuilt in 1730-1732 Among the preserved features is the Baroque entrance portal from 1620 Inside the church stands the baptismal font made by Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1828

26 Domhuset/ Copenhagen Court House (Nytorv 21-25)

S-train: København H/Vesterport

Copenhagen Courthouse was built in 1805-1815 by Christian Frederik Hansen The architectural style is Classicistic, and the building originally functioned as combined City Hall and Courthouse The covered corridor leading from the Courthouse to the prison is called the Bridge of Sighs after the Venetian original

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Nytorv Square joins with Gammeltorv to create a

large open space where earlier versions of

Copenhagen’s City Hall stood between 1479-1795

The 60-metre-tall and 83-metre-long Copenhagen

Cathedral was built in classicistic style in 1811-1829

by Christian Frederik Hansen But as early as 1185

there is mention of a church in the same location,

which at the time was the highest elevation in

Copenhagen The Cathedral burned several times,

last in 1807 when the British fleet bombarded

Copenhagen and targeted the church tower, which

was the highest point in the city The tower caught

fire after a direct hit and fell on the church building

Church of Our Lady was given status as Cathedral

of Copenhagen in 1924 The cathedral’s interior is held in a consistent style with Bertel Thorvaldsen’s Christ figure as the dominant feature It functions

as altar statue with the twelve Disciples placed along the walls of the nave The baptismal font was also made by Bertel Thorvaldsen

Among the historical events that have taken place

in the church are the wedding between Queen Margrethe I and the Norwegian King Haakon in

1363, and the coronation of Christian IV in 1596

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Denmark’s first university, Copenhagen University,

was founded in 1479 The Danish King had been

granted permission by the Pope, and in the

beginning there were four faculties: Law, Philosophy,

Medicine and Theology

The present main building was built in 1831-1836

The vestibule and the ceremonial hall are particularly

interesting Other faculties are located various places

in the city The Geological Museum, which is part of

the university, is beautifully situated in the Botanic

Garden The University Library from 1857-1861,

located in Fiolstræde, is also worth a visit The

church-like Library is made of stone and iron

29 Skt Petri Kirke/St Petri Church

www.sankt-petri.dk S-tog/metro: Nørreport

St Petri Church, built in the 15th century and extended in the 17th century by Christian I, is the oldest best-preserved church in the medieval town

It has since 1585 been run by Copenhagen’s German congregation St Petri Church is owned by the Danish state

Tiêu đề	A Visit to Copenhagen
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS
Trường học	Unknown School
Thể loại	Essay
Năm xuất bản	2009
Thành phố	Copenhagen

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Số trang	40
Dung lượng	4 MB