Tài liệu Travel to Oslo docx

The first theater director was coincidentally Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson’s son, The university in Oslo was founded in 1811 under the name of Royal Frederik’s University after the Danish-Norwe

© 2008 Stig Albeck & Ventus Publishing ApS

Translation: Frances østerfelt

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suppliers Content from ths book, may not be reproduced

in any shape or form without prior written permission from

Ventus Publishing ApS.

Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,

in relation to reviews are allowed.

ISBN 978-87-7061-269-2

1st edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according

to agreement with the following copyright owners:

Stig Albeck

The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may

have be subject to change after this book was published.

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4

A visit to Oslo

www.visitoslo.com

www.visitnorway.com

The Norwegian capital lies incredibly beautiful at

the end of the Oslo Fjord The city centre is cosy

and distances between attractions are short

Oslo is also the capital for the fantastic natural wealth of the country, and in the city there is always a feeling of being very close to the open spaces, woods and water

Happy holiday!

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6

Historical outline

Oslo is thought to have been founded in 1000 AD;

but the first signs of urban construction are earlier

Founding of the actual city is thus attributed to

Harold Hardrada and his first installations in 1048

The early constructions were at the mouth of the

Alna River, which was centrally placed for

transportation both by sea and into the country

Harold Hardrada had a royal castle and a church

built here

Oslo quickly developed into an important trade

center of the region, as well as ship building and

production of agricultural goods

Eventually the town needed to be fortified This

took place around 1300 AD with Haakon V

Magnusson’s construction of the fortress Akershus

It was primarily meant as a shield against the

Swedish threat from the East; but Akerhus also

became the king’s place of residence

In 1349 Oslo and Norway were struck by the

plague, where half of the population succumbed

For many years the city was marked by the

plague’s destruction Trade fell off; churches and

royal buildings fell into disrepair

In 1380 the weakened Norway became part of the

Calmar Union and thereby part of the Danish

Commonwealth, from which it was governed

In the following centuries great fires demolished

Oslo several times Houses were often built of

wood with moss roofs, giving fires the best of

conditions After the great fire of 1624, King

Christian IV decided to move the city to the

Akerhus fortress

Christian IV wanted a modern city; and he was

personally involved in the city planning The city

changed its name to Christiania and to avoid fires the buildings were made of stone

Christiania was laid out in the style of other European metropolises The streets ran perpendicular to each other and were 15 meters wide A high wall of defence was built around the city center, with access through the city’s three gates One can sense 17th century Christiania in the part of the city called The Square

(Kvadraturen) The city’s oldest town hall is located

in this area, built in 1641 International trade, especially with England and Holland, and growing prosperity characterized the city in the18th century In 1716, during the Swedish siege of Akershus, the city was also attacked, but didn’t fall

Through the 19th century, Oslo flourished The city’s university was founded in 1813 In 1814 the union with Denmark was broken and Christiania became Norway’s capital after Copenhagen The city was still not very large It was first in 1830 that it grew larger than Bergen and thus became the country’s largest

The new Norwegian capital became the seat of government and one of the residences for the Swedish King Oscar I In 1825 construction of Oslo’s royal palace began and stood complete in

1848 Other institutions were also established, including Norway’s Bank, the Stock Exchange and in 1866 the Parliament

From the middle of the 19th century, Christiania experienced economic growth which attracted people from the entire country who hoped for better times from a life in the capital city

Many installations and institutions were built in the city, which with time could be called a metropolis Oslo city was expanded in 1859 and again in 1878

The city’s population grew from 30,000 in 1850 to

230,000 in 1900 Many were employed in the

numerous factories that grew out of the

industrialization, which also brought the railway to

the capital

In 1905 the union with Sweden was annulled

Christiania was once again the city of royal

residence when the Danish Prince Carl became

Norway’s King Haakon VII

It went well economically for Oslo until the

outbreak of the First World War

In 1925 the city’s name was changed from

Christian IV’s Christiania back to the original

name Oslo

The country was occupied in 1940; and the king and government in Oslo fled to London during the war years After the Second World War, there was housing shortage in Oslo; and ambitious building projects were initiated in the suburbs

In 1952 Oslo hosted the Winter Olympics which also included the famous Holmenkollen ski jumps

The 1970’s saw the start of Norway’s oil adventure in the North Sea, which led to a very solid economy in the Norwegian society, which still can be witnessed in the modern capital

Since the 1980’s there has been a great cultural leap in Oslo, which has created a broad spectrum

of possibilities for its visitors

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8

Tour 1: Oslo

1 Karl Johans gate

T-bane: Naionalthheatret/Stortinget

Karl Johans gate is Oslo’s central and famous

business street and show place of the city It was

laid out in 1826 and later expanded to a lovely

boulevard between the parliament (Stortinget) and

royal palace A unique feature of Karl Johans gate

is that heating elements have been placed under

the surface so that it is possible to stroll here year

round, even when there’s snow everywhere else in

Oslo

Karl Johans gate is named after the first king of the Norwegian-Swedish union in 1814, the Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, who was crowned King Karl Johan

2 Oslo Cathedral

Karl Johans gate 11 www.oslodomkirke.no T-bane: Stortinget/Jernbanetorget

Oslo Cathedral was consecrated in 1697 under the name Our Savior’s Church Besides its religious functions, the church tower also served

as a fire watch in the often burned Christiania

The church was renovated and significantly

re-built in the 19th and 20th centuries; but the total

appearance is still of the original church The

pulpit is from 1699 and the altar piece, restored to

its original state, is from 1700

The church’s stained glass windows were created

by Emanuel Vigeland in the period 1910-1916

Emanuel Vigeland is brother to the sculptor

Gustav Vigeland

Around the church’s eastern end in a half-moon is

a long arcade which originally served as the city’s

bazaar, constructed in 1858; and still in use by

various small businesses

3 Parliament/Stortinget

Karl Johans gate 22

www.stortinget.no

T-bane: Stortinget

Stortinget is the name of Norway’s parliament,

Eidsvoll outside Oslo Later on, until 1854, the parliament gathered in the Cathedral School

(Katedralskolen) in Oslo and then (1854-1866) in

the university’s ball room

In 1866 Norway’s House of Parliament opened, which was designed by the Swedish architect Emil Victor Langlet in a fine combination of styles where Italian architecture was the primary source of inspiration

Langlet not only designed the building’s exterior, but also the furniture inside In the main room of the parliament hangs the famous painting from

1885 of Norway’s first parliamentary assembly, Eidsvoll’s assembly of 1814

4 National Theater

Johanne Dybwads Plass 1 www.nationaltheatret.no T-bane: Nationaltheatret

The National Theater is one of Norway’s leading scenes There are four scenes including the original theater, the Main Scene, in neo-rococo style, which is the most beautiful

The theater was designed by the architect Henrik Bull for the architect competition in 1891; and in

1899 construction was completed and the theater opened

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10

In the national spirit of the time, the opening

performances were by Holberg, Ibsen and

Bjørnson In front of the theater are statues of the

famous Norwegian writers Henrik Ibsen and

Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson The first theater director

was coincidentally Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson’s son,

The university in Oslo was founded in 1811 under

the name of Royal Frederik’s University after the

Danish-Norwegian King Frederik VI, who

permitted the establishment of a university in the

Norwegian part of the Danish-Norwegian

Commonwealth The university changed its name

to the present one in 1939

Originally the university was spread out through

the city; and under growing pressure for a centrally

located campus for this important institution, the

area along Karl Johans gate was chosen

The cornerstone to the new buildings was laid in

1841; and in 1851 the first buildings could be

opened The old installations comprise three:

Domus Academica, Domus Media and Domus

Bibliotheca The style is classical with column

supported temple-like portals

In the great hall of the head building, built in

1911 in honor of the university’s 100-year anniversary, hangs a mural by Edvard Munch, created in the period 1910-1916

The old Ball Room in Domus Academica is beautifully constructed as an amphitheater, and it was in this hall where Stortinget assembled in the years up to the opening of the House of

Parliament

6 National Gallery/Nationalgalleriet

Universitetsgatan 13 www.nasjonalmuseet.no T-bane: Nationaltheatret

The National Gallery is the Norwegian National Museum’s section for art, with the country’s largest collection of art from around 1800 up to today The collection is comprised of Norwegian, Nordic and international works, primarily painting and sculpture

There is a very fine collection of Norwegian art and other Scandinavian and European paintings from 1800-1950; among these are several works

by the Norwegian painter Edvard Munch

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7 The Historical Museum

Frederiks gata 2 www.khm.uio.no

Here you can experience Norwegian history, from the time of the Vikings, to the Middle Ages and up

to modern time The collection is rich and presented in a very exciting manner, showing many fine archaeological finds as wells as rune stones, sacred art and major treasures of gold

The museum also houses an ethnographic department where non-western cultures are displayed There is an Inuit collection from Roald Amundsen’s polar expeditions, artefacts from ancient Egypt and finds from Asia and the Americas

Even the museum building, constructed for the purpose, is impressive It is considered to be one

of Oslo’s and all of Norway’s most beautiful buildings in Jugend style

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12

8 The Royal Palace

Henrik Ibsens gata 1

www.kongehuset.no

T-bane: Nationaltheatret

Norway’s royal palace lies high at the end of Karl

Johans gate It is said that the king, Karl Johan,

himself chose the location during a ride

It was constructed by the architect Hans Ditlev

Linstow in 1827-1849 as the Norwegian residence

for the king of the Swedish union, who in 1849

was King Oscar I The huge building, however,

was seldom used, as the king’s residence was in

Stockholm

It was first in 1905, when the Norwegian royal

couple moved in, that it became the permanent

residence; and in that connection a series of

improvements to the palace interior was initiated

The royal palace is still the royal residence; so

public admission is not permitted However, one

can visit the park, where there are many sculptures;

and in the summer season there is ”Open Castle”

with guided tours

The castle is built of stucco, with three wings, built in classical style The original plan was that the castle should be built as an ”H”; but the economy of the period dictated reduction in the ground design

The interior is in various styles, partly due to the 20-year long construction period The ”Bird Room”, designed as the antechamber to the audience hall, is beautifully embellished in national romantic style; while the Vestibule is decorated in a regal classical style

The most pompous room in the palace is the Ballroom, which has an area of 360 square meters and is 10.7 meters to the ceiling White walls, gilded panels, sky blue ceiling and the huge chandelier characterize the room

9 Ibsen Museum

Henrik Ibsens gata 26 www.ibsenmuseet.no T-bane: Nationaltheatret

This museum is furnished as a living memorial and story about the Norwegian poet and writer Henrik Ibsen, whose works include Peer Gynt

Henrik Ibsen lived in the apartment which now houses the museum in the period 1895-1906 His wife Suzannah lived here until 1914

The apartment is beautifully restored with the original furnishings You can see Henrik Ibsen’s study where he wrote many of his famous works

The museum relates Ibsen’s work and also gives

an interesting picture of life in general at the time

of the poet

10 Victoria Terrace

Victoria Terrasse 1-11

T-bane: Naionaltheatret

Victoria Terrace is a large palatial complex, named

after the Swedish Crown Princess Victoria, and

constructed in 1885-1890 Its façade is 180 meters

long and with its dome, towers and spire, was the

most impressive apartment complex in the entire

country at the time of its opening There were 124

apartments with modern installations, including

electricity

During the Second World War, the German

Security Service and Gestapo occupied the

buildings Today Victoria Terrace houses

Norway’s Foreign Ministry, who in 1962

constructed the building immediately to the north,

facing Henrik Ibsens gate

11 Stenersen Museum

Munkedamsveien 15

www.stenersen.museum.no

T-bane: Naionaltheatret

Stenersen is one of Oslo Kommune’s art museums

and houses three collections which were donated

to the city

The most interesting is Rolf E Stenersen’s

collection of Norwegian art from the first half of

Ravenberg’s collection that includes paintings of scenes from Oslo

12 The Town Hall

Fridtjof Nansens Plads www.rft.oslo.kommune.no T-bane: Naionaltheatret

Oslo’s monumental town hall is one of the trademarks of the city, designed by the architects Arnstein Arneberg and Magnus Poulsson in the period 1931-1950

Two square towers, 63 and 66 meters high, dominate the building and stand in sculptural majesty on the Town Hall Square at the head of Oslo Fjord

Every year on the December 10th, the Town Hall

is host for the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony The date marks the anniversary of the death of the Swede Alfred Nobel, for which the prize is named

Decoration of the Town Hall was carried out by some of Norway’s best artists, chosen through competitions in the 1930’s

The 39-meter long, 31-meter wide and approx

20-meter high hall is dressed in marble and

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14

The beautiful Banquet Hall is the finest

representation room in the Town Hall Portraits of

Norwegian monarchs and paintings from life in

Oslo adorn its walls

The Munch Room, as the name implies, takes its

name from the installation by the famous

Norwegian Edvard Munch In the room also

hangs a large painting by Munch

Around Oslo’s Town Hall are many installations,

including the gilded Oslo Girl, the Swan Fountain

and figures taken from Nordic mythology

Fridtjof Nansen’s Square in front of the Town

Hall is designed in very strict heroic architecture

From the south side of the Town Hall, towards

Oslo Fjord, is a fine view of the buildings and the

fjord’s grand nature In season, water buses run

from here to Bygdøy with its exciting museums

13 Nobel’s Peace Center/

Nobels Fredssenter

Brynjulf Bullsplass 1 www.nobelpeacecenter.org T-bane: Nationaltheatret

The internationally respected Nobel Peace Prize

is awarded in Oslo The museum was founded in order to give a deeper understanding of the man behind the prize, the Swede Alfred Nobel, and the winners of the prize through time

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The museum is informative; and presentation of

the famous prize winners, their accomplishments

and motivation for their prize give the visitors

stuff for contemplation

14 Aker Brygge

T-bane: Naionaltheatret

Aker Brygge is the old wharf and harbour area

along Pipervika in the Oslo fjord In the period 1854-1982 the wharf, Aker Mechanics (Aker

Mekaniske Verksted), was situated here and was

the predominant industry

Aker Brygge has since been renovated and built into a vital center of activity with shops, restaurants and other entertainment In season there is outdoors serving and live music

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Oslo’s central station is really three different

stations that have fused together The modern

station in use today was opened in 1980-1987, in

connection with the opening of the railway under

Oslo’s center

To the south is the Eastern Line Station, built as a

Renaissance Palace The building was completed in

1882; it was an expansion of the city’s and

country’s first railway station which can be seen

inside this station, and was built around the first

station

The first station was built for the country’s first

railway line that opened between Oslo and

Eidsvoll in 1854

16 Custom’s Museum/Tollmuseum

Tollbugaten 1a www.toll.no T-bane: Jernbanetorget

In Oslo’s previous customs house is now a museum that shows Norway’s customs department and its history through more than

300 years Documents, models and uniforms are among the objects on display

17 Opera Visitor Center

Skur 51, Bjørvika www.operaen.no T-bane: Jernbanetorget

Oslo’s new opera house opened in 2008 is placed centrally near the fjord and a few minutes’ walk from the Central Station

Construction was legislated by the Parliament in

1999 to mark Norway as a cultural nation as well

as to mark the significance of The Norwegian Opera for the country’s cultural life

The exterior, with its dramatically monumental architecture of horizontal and oblique surfaces, expresses something distinctly different from the surrounding buildings

The foyer is designed to give a grand and varied lighting and a beautiful view over Oslo Fjord

In the beautiful main auditorium, there is room for 1,358 spectators, while there is room for 440 spectators in the smaller auditorium There is also

a rehearsal scene which can seat 200 visitors

Highlights of the Opera House include the main auditorium with its wooden balconies and Norway’s largest chandelier, making the room elegant and impressive

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18 Oslo Stock Exchange/Oslo Børs

Tollbugata 2

www.oslobors.no

T-bane: Jernbanetorget

Oslo’s Stock Exchange was founded in 1819

Three years later, the institution applied for

permission to construct its domicile on

Grønningen, the only pubic park of the time,

which today is known as Børshagen, the park

surrounding the exchange building

The building itself was built in 1827-1829 The

style is classical; and the main entrance adorned by

four Doric columns

In 1910-1911 the building was expanded with side- and cross wings; and in 1987 the central lawn area was covered to become a new room in the exchange The original exchange room was used as the meeting room by the city council until 1880

19 The Quadrant/Kvadraturen

T-bane: Stortinget/Jernbanetorget

Kvadraturen is the name of King Christian IV’s

modern city which was laid out as Christiania in the 17th century The city plan was very modern and inspired by the perpendicular streets of the period, hence the name Kvadraturen/The Quadrant

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The area arose from the ashes of a fire which had

destroyed the city The first houses were built of

wood; and to avoid the same thing happening

again, the houses of the Quadrant were built of

Filmens Hus is the meeting place for several

cinemagraphic organizations Open to the public

are the large library, movie theaters – Cinemateket

– and a small film museum, which in an exciting

manner relates Norwegian film history

21 Mini Bottle Gallery

Kirkegaten 10

www.minibottlegallery.com

T-bane: Stortinget

Mini Bottle Gallery is a museum exhibiting many

thousands of the collection’s more than 50,000

miniature bottles The museum comprises 1,500

square meters, spread over three stories; and

besides the bottles, there are unique milieus in

which the bottles are displayed

The museum opened in 2003 and is absolutely one

of Oslo’s unique and unusual attractions,

resembling nothing else in the world

22 Christiania Square/

Christianiatorget

Christiania Torv T-bane: Stortinget

Christiania Square is the midpoint of King Christian IV’s new city, Christiania, which today

goes by the name The Quadrant/Kvadraturen.

On the square lies the Old Town Hall, on the

corner of Nedre Slottsgate (Lower Castle Street) and Rådhusgata (Town Hall Street) It was built in

1641 as Christiania’s first town hall Its function

as town hall lasted until 1733, when it changed hands several times In 1815-1846, it housed the country’s Supreme Court

Across from the Old Town Hall lies the

Councilman’s House (Rådmannsgården), which is

from 1626, hence the oldest preserved building in the Quadrant It was here that the city’s council man lived

In the center of the square stands the sculptural

fountain Hansken.

22a Theater Museum

Part of the Old Town Hall houses the Theater

Museum, which relates Oslo’s theater history of

the 17th century There are many photographs and

drawings as well as theaters props and models of

scenes and buildings

23 Norwegian Museum of Architecture/

Norsk Arkitekturmuseum

Bankplassen 3 www.nasjonalmuseet.no T-bane: Stortinget/Jernbanetorget

The Norwegian Museum of Architecture is installed in one of the oldest buildings from King Christian IV’s Christiania, constructed in 1640

The museum primarily displays architecture from 20th century Norway; but older Norwegian architecture is also shown There are also alternating thematic exhibits

The museum is part of the Norwegian National Museum for Art, Architecture and Design

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The Museum of Contemporary Art is Norway’s

largest for Norwegian and International visual arts

from after 1945 It is part of the Norwegian

National Museum for Art, Architecture and

Design

In 1990, the museum was installed in the building

on Bankplassen from 1906 that previously housed

Norway’s Bank The construction is in Norwegian

granite and marble, carried out in Jugend style

25 Astrup Frearnley Museum

Dronningens gate 4 www.afmuseet.no T-bane: Jernbanetorget

Astrup Fearnley Museum was opened in 1993 by the financier Hans Rasmus Astrup His own permanent exhibit contains Norwegian and international modern art from the post-war period The collection includes works by Andy Warhol, Damien Hirst and Jeff Koons There are also other exhibits from the same period

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The Museum of Defence, adjacent to Akershus

Castle and Fortress, relates the history of Norway‘s

defence Besides the actual history, the museum

shows the connection between the military and the

technological, economic and political development

Akershus is Norway’s great medieval castle, built

in 1299 by King Haakon V Magnusson for the

defence of the city and region The Great Fire of

1624 destroyed the castle, which was then re-built

by King Christian IV in the Dutch Renaissance

style in the following decades Around the castle

are defence installations with breastworks

After losing the Norwegian areas Jemtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslen to Sweden in the 17thcentury, the military significance of Akerhus increased, as the enemy’s borders were much closer to the fortress than ever before

In 1815 the fortress as such was closed but is now used for representative functions; and there are several museums on the area The fortress, however, is still a military area; but not active

27a Noways’ Resistance Museum/

Norges Hjemmefrontmuseum Akershus Festning

www.nhm.mil.no

Norway’s Resistance Museum houses a collection

of material from the Norwegian resistance movement in the Second World War The museum lies on the fortified area where the Norwegian Nazi Party was located during the war, which in Norway lasted from 1940-1945 Today the museum is part of Norway’s Museum of Defence

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Tour 3: Oslo

28 Vigeland Park

Kirkeveien www.vigeland.museum.no T-bane: Majortuen

Vigeland Park, also known as Frogner Park, is a large recreation area with an outdoors pool; but most famous for the sculptural installation by the artist Gustav Vigeland, hence the name Vigeland Park

Vigeland’s installation comprises not less than

214 sculptures, all created by the productive artist Gustav Vigeland also drew the plans for the park

in the first half of the 20th century The many statues are in iron, granite and bronze

Inside the park’s beautiful portal, you pass the Vigeland Bridge with its 58 figures of men, women and children Take particular notice of

the famous angry boy Sinnetagen that attracts

much attention

The large fountain, where six men carry a water trough, showing in bas relief life’s cycle; and its 17-meter high central monolith with its 36 figures are all carved from a single piece of granite and comprise all together 121 figures

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Oslo City Museum is located at Frogner Manor,

built in 1790 The museum presents Oslo’s history

and culture from the city’s founding until the

modern capital of today There are many exciting

topics, pictures and portrayals

30 Vigeland Museum

Nobelsgate 32

www.vigeland.museum.no

T-bane: Majorstuen

Vigeland Museum is located at Vigeland Park, the

artist Gustav Vigeland’s life’s work, created for the

city of Oslo

Vigeland spent most of his artistic life in the creating more than 200 sculptures, which according to his own vision are placed in the park

It took him 40 years and the city of Oslo paid for his work, as it was agreed that they would be donated to the city

In the museum, sketches, drawings and models

of Gustav Vigeland’s park sculptures as well as his other works are on display

31 Holmenkollen

Kongeveien 5 www.skiforeningen.no/holmenkollen T-bane: Holmenkollen

The beautiful natural area around Holmenkollen was taken into use in the 19th century as a recreational area; and in 1892, the famous ski jump, Holmenkollen, was opened

Holmenkollen lies at the top of a hill and the ski jump itself is 62 meters high From the top, 417 meters over sea level, there is an impressive view over Oslo and the surrounding countryside

There is an annual international ski jump competition on Holmenkollen’s hills

If you take the train to Holmenkollen, each station

shows its height over sea level The trip also passes

through beautiful scenery and a view to the

Norwegian wooden houses

31a Ski Museum

At Holmenkollen is the Ski Museum that has a

large collection of skis and skiing equipment as

well as the equipment from Fridtjof Nansen’s and

Roald Amundsen’s polar expeditions

There is also material from Norway’s hosting of

the Winter Olympic Games in Oslo in 1952 and in

Lillehammer in 1994

Nearby, there is also a ski simulator, where you

can try your skills as a ski jumper from

The first look-out platform was built in 1867

Later, newer and larger towers were built in 1883,

1934 and the latest in 1962

33 North Field/Nordmarka

T-bane: Frogerseteren

North Field is a 1,600 square meter natural area that contain large forests as well as Holmenkollen While close to Oslo, it is as if you were in the wilderness

Summer and winter, there is a wealth of activities from which to choose – from fishing and hiking

to ski sports in winter There are also several places to eat; so longer outings are possible

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26

Tour 4: Oslo

34 Bygdøy

Bygdøy is a peninsula in Oslo Fjord just southwest

of the city center Its topography is very varied,

from impressive residences, fields, forests and

some of the capital’s famous museums

Bygdøy was originally an island and until 1877 it was

called Ladegårdsøen Landfill around the year 1800

connected it to the Norwegian continent

35 Fram Museum

Bygdøynes www.norsk-sjofartsmuseum.no

Fram Museum is named after the ship exhibited here The ship Fram was built in 1892 for Fridtjof Nansen’s polar expedition that lasted from 1893 to 1895

The ship was again used on Roald Amunden’s expedition to the South Pole in 1910-1911 Fram can be seen in the museum that also serves as a polar museum

It’s very exciting to wander around on the ship and see the conditions under which members of the expedition had to live on the long journeys It was far from luxurious; and considering the discoveries made on these voyages, the ship is quite impressive

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36 Norwegian Maritime Museum

Bygdøynesveien 37

www.norsk-sjofartsmuseum.no

Norway’s Maritime Museum’s interesting exhibits

show maritime history with the help of general

collections and specific themes as polar

exploration and whaling

Outside the museum is Roald Amundsen’s ship

Gjøa that was used in the crossing of the

Northwest Passage in 1903-1906 There are also

other boats in the small harbor, including a copy

of a Viking ship

37 Kon-Tiki Museum

Bygdøynesveien 37 www.kon-tiki.no

The Kon-Tiki Museum has boats and other items from Thor Heyerdahl’s many expeditions The Kon-Tiki itself is a raft built of balsa wood; and was used by Thor Heyerdahl on his voyage over the Pacific Ocean, from Peru to Polynesia in

1947

At the museum, which documents and describes Thor Heyerdahl’s voyages, you can also find the boat of rushes, Ra II, as well as many

ethnographic objects from the journeys There is also a copy of one of the huge statues from Easter Island, one of the places Heyerdahl visited

38 HL-Center

Huk Aveny 56 www.hlsenteret.no

HL-Center is the center for Holocaust and other genocide documentation and information The center is maintained by Oslo University; and is located in Villa Grande (construction begun in 1917) for the founder of Norsk Hydro Of special interest is that it was also the residence of the Norwegian Nazi leader Vidkun Quisling in the years 1941-1945, when he for most of that period was Norway’s leader

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39 Viking Ship House

Huk Aveny 35

www.khm.uio.no

Viking Ship House has three Viking ships that

were excavated and preserved from grave mounds

at Gokstad, Oseberg and Tune The ships were

built in the 9th and 10th centuries and used for

fjord and sea voyages Other artifacts from the

Viking period are also on display

The Gokstad ship is Norway’s largest restored

Viking ship, from the end of the 9th century and

excavated in 1880 The Oseberg ship is from the

start of the 9th century and discovered in 1903

The Tune ship was the first one found and

excavated in 1867

40 Norway’s Folk Museum

Musumsveien 10 www.norskfolkemuseum.no

In the park around Bygdøy is Norway’s largest Open Air Museum, with more than 150 buildings representing the country’s history Sources of inspiration to the museum were Nordiska Museum and Skansen in Stockholm The museum was founded in 1894

The oldest building is the stave church from Gol, originally built around 1200 AD Other of the many interesting buildings include Raulandstua from the 14th century and the entire Old Town