Tài liệu Travel to Bologna docx

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Bologna

All rights and copyright relating to the content of this

book are the property of Ventus Publishing ApS, and/or its

suppliers Content from ths book, may not be reproduced

in any shape or form without prior written permission from

Ventus Publishing ApS.

Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,

in relation to reviews are allowed.

ISBN 978-87-7061-440-5

2nd edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according

to agreement with the following copyright owners

Stig Albeck.

The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may

have be subject to change after this book was published.

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Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Bologna

Bologna is the capital of the Emilia-Romagna region,

and it is one of Italy’s great cultural cities Its many

arcade-filled brick buildings possess a unique

atmosphere Bologna has given birth to many great

artists during the ages, and it is home to Europe’s

oldest university

The city is characterised by its atmospheric centre,

with brick mansions and arcades, lovely squares and

fascinating historical buildings, such as churches,

monasteries and city walls A trip through Bologna’s

atmospheric streets will naturally go to the medieval

towers, built by rival families as status symbols as

well as for purposes of defence

The landscape around Bologna is beautiful, and it is

possible to visit cultural cities and towns of all sizes,

each with its own unique characteristics Obvious

destinations are white-marbled Florence, the

mountain state of San Marino or the Italian Adriatic

coast

Have a nice journey!

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Historical outline

The Bologna region was settled by the Villanovans

in the Bronze Age, around 3,000 years ago The

Villanovans were conquered by the Etruscans, who

founded what was to become present-day Bologna

Bologna became a colony of the Roman Empire

under the name “Boronia”, when it was captured in

189 BC The city burned down several times during

the reign of Claudius, but it was rebuilt and

expanded under Nero, who added many public

institutions

In the centuries following the fall of the Roman

Empire, the area was frequently attacked from the

north and was variously ruled by the Visigoths, the

Huns and the Langobards (Lombards)

After the heathen peoples had ruled the city, the

Christians ascended to power The city was in an

important strategic location and had a good

economy Bologna was ruled from the Vatican

during some periods

Because of the rapidly growing trade and handicraft

production, Bologna’s wealth was continually

increasing, which meant cultural development as well

Europe’s first university was built in the city in 1088

The 11th century also saw Bologna becoming

independent of the Vatican and establishing itself as

a city state The city was part of the Lombard League

under Frederick Barbarossa During the following

centuries, the culturally as well as economically

wealthy Bologna attracted people from all over

Europe – not least because of its university, where

Law was taught among other subjects One of the

early students was Dante Alighieri

In the12th century, many of Bologna’s richest families built the characteristic defence towers, of which two can still be seen in the city centre The towers were part of the city’s defence works, but also prestige projects displaying the wealth and power of the families that built them

Bologna’s population now increased so rapidly that

a housing shortage ensued, which prompted the construction of the many arcades overhanging the pavements This was one way of increasing the housing capacity Toward the end of the 13th century, Bologna was among Europe’s ten largest cities with a population of more than 50,000

A growing dispute in the city about its status became the end of Bologna’s time as an independent state Some favoured the Emperor and some the Papal States After a period of strife, Pope Julius II conquered Bologna in 1506, and the city state became part of the Papal States

Among the highlights of Bologna’s time as papal state were the imperial crowning of Charles V by Pope Clemens VII in 1530 and the Council of Trent in 1547-1548 – an ecumenical gathering which was usually held at Trent Bologna as it stands today was appeared during the following three centuries

Bologna was ruled by the Pope until 1796, when Napoleon of France conquered the city and surrounding areas Bologna now belonged to France, and it became capital of the newly established Cispadane Republic The city flourished both politically, economically and culturally After the fall of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna in

815, the city came under the Papal States once more

There were uprisings against the papal rule in 1831,

1843 and 1848, but none of them had a decisive political impact However, Italian nationalism grew, and in 1860 Bologna joined the newly formed

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Bologna

7

Historical outline

During the last decades of the 20th century, Bologna

became a city with many hi-tech businesses This

made it one of Italy’s leading cities with regard to

business fairs and exhibitions

In connection with Bologna’s status as European

“City of Culture” in the year 2000, it was renovated

and restored on a grand scale

Today, Bologna is a prosperous city The many historical buildings are in excellent condition, and it has an international atmosphere mixed with Italian charm

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Trip 1: Bologna

1 Piazza Maggiore

Piazza Maggiore

Piazza Maggiore is Bologna’s centre, home to several

famous attractions The Square was built as a market

place around the year 1200, and it is still considered

one of the most beautiful in Italy

1b The Accursio Palace/Palazzo d’Accursio

www.museomorandi.it www.comune.bologna.it/iperbole/MuseiCivici

The Accursio Palace is best known as ”Palazzo Comunale”, Bologna’s City Hall Construction began in 1287, but it was not finished until the mid-14th century In the portal stands a bronze statue of Pope Gregory XIII Inside, visitors can see the Red Hall, Sala Rosa, which is the City Council Hall On the second floor there is a museum featuring the works of Giorgi Morandi - Museo Morandi There

is also an art museum, Musei Civici d’Arte Antica

1c Podestà-palæet/Palazzo del Podestà

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9

Trip 1: Bologna

This palace was built around 1200 as the seat of the

city’s administration, podestà By 1245, the building

had become too small and an extension in the form

of Pallazo Re Enzo, featuring the clock tower, Torre

dell’Arengo, was built In the mid-14th century, the

original Gothic facade was rebuilt in the then

fashionable Renaissance style

1d The Bank Palace/Palazzo dei Banchi

The Bank Palace was built in1412 It got its name

from the currency exchange offices that occupied

the building in the 15th and 16th centuries The

building’s arcades were built in 1565-1568

1e Basilica di San Petronio

The impressive San Petronio church is one of Italy’s

largest, and it is the most important in Bologna The

original plans suggested an even larger church

building – actually the church was intended to be the

largest in Italy, but some of the funds went to

Palazzo Archiginnasio, which meant the ambition

level had to be lowered for the San Petronio church

The construction went on four centuries, from 1390

to 1659 The beautiful entrance facade with its many

biblical motifs was built by Jacopo della Quercia in

1425-1438 The enormous church room is built in

Gothic style It is well worth a visit, as are the more

than 20 chapels Among those buried there is

Napoleon’s sister, Elise Bonaparte

The church’s stained-glass windows were painted in 1464-1466 by the artist Jacob of Ulm The

altarpiece is in the style of the so-called Ferrero School and shows the Martyrdom of St Sebastian Visitors can also experience Giovanni Domenico Cassini’s sundial, which was built into the floor in

1655

In the mid-15th century, San Petronio was the home of the Catholic Church’s Council of Trident, whose task was to evaluate reforms that could re-establish the Catholic Church’s control over the rebellious Lutherans

2 The Archaeological Museum/Museo Civico Archeologico

Via dell'Archiginnasio 2 www.comune.bologna.it/museoarcheologico

The Archaeological Museum was founded in 1871

in connection with an archaeology congress and in the presence of Prince Umberto of Savoy The antiquities collection was established by the university in 1714 and includes artefacts from the Roman Empire, Greece and Egypt

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The original Museum building is from the 15th

century, when it functioned as a hospital The

building got its current look in 1565

3 The Archiginnasio Palace/Palazzo

dell’Archiginnasio

Piazza Galvani 1

www.achiginnasio.it

Palazzo d’Archiginnasio from 1562-1563 was built as

a university The most famous of its halls is the

Anatomical Theatre, Teatro Anatomico, which is a

lecture hall built in 1637 and adorned with wood

carvings

Today, the beautiful palace houses the library,

Biblioteca Comunale dell’Archiginnasio

4 Cavour Square/Piazza Cavour

Piazza Cavour

The atmospheric Piazza Cavour is one of Bologna’s

central squares With its flagstones, elegant buildings

with arcades and surrounding medieval streets, it is a

lovely place to experience Old Bologna

5 Basilica di San Domenico

Piazza San Domenico 13 www.centrosandomenico.it

The Church of San Domenico was built in 1221 It

is dedicated to the founder of the Dominican Order,

St Dominicus (St Dominic), and built for his grave San Dominicus died in the church, whereupon the impressive sepulchre was built The statues by the grave were made by Nicola Pisano, and the reliefs depict scenes from the life of St Dominicus Behind the sarcophagus there is a reliquary containing the head of St Dominicus The paintings of angels and the saints Petronius and Prokulus are by

Michelangelo

St Dominicus came to Bologna in 1218, and the following year he moved into an already existing church building The Dominicans began by buying the surrounding land and expansions were then made, which continued in the decades following the death of Dominicus in 1221

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Bologna

11

Trip 1: Bologna

6 Palazzo Baciocchi o di Giustizia

Piazza dei Tribunali 4

The Baciocchi Palace was originally built for the Ruini Family by the Veneto architect Andrea Palladio in the beginning of the 16th century In

1679, the new owners, the Ranuzzi Family, expanded the palace and it was richly decorated according to the fashions of the time The large stairwell, Scalone d’onore, is one of the attractions of the palace

The last private owner of the palace was Felice Baciocchi, who was married to Napoleon’s sister, Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi had artists, such as Antonio Basoli and Felice Giani, depict Napoleon’s exploits in paintings displayed in the various halls

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Trip 2: Bologna

7 The Church of San

Francesco/Chiesa di San Francesco

Piazza San Francesco

The church of San Francesco was founded in 1236

It is characterised by a monumental Roman facade

and a French Gothic interior

8 Cathedral of San Pietro/Cattedrale Metropolitana di San Pietro

Via dell’Indipendeza 9 www.bologna.chiesacattolica.it

The cathedral of San Pietro has been Bologna’s cathedral since 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII made it the Arch-Episcopal residence

The church’s history goes back at least to the 10th century, but it has been rebuilt and extended through centuries The clock tower is from the 12th-13th centuries, when the church was almost completely rebuilt after a fire in 1141

The cathedral holds various works of art, such as its frescoes from around the year 1600

9 The Archbishop’s Palace/Palazzo Arcivescovile

Via Altabella 2-6

This palace is from the beginning of the 13th century, and it now houses the ecclesiastical administration The building has a very high portico, and it was the first church to be built of stone rather than wood

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10 The Prendiparte Tower/Torre dei

Prendiparte

Via Sant'Alò 7

The 60 metres tall Prendiparte Tower was built in

the 12th century as a defence bastion for the

Prendiparte Family Today, the Torre degli Asinelli is

Bologna’s tallest tower, but it is thought that

Prendiparte originally was the tallest of the city’s

private towers The tower functioned as a prison for

a period, but it is now open to the public From the

platform on the top, there is a beautiful view of

Bologna’s rooftops

11 The Fava Palaces/Palazzi Fava

Via Manzoni 4 www.comune.bologna.it/iperbole/MuseiCivici

The Fava palaces include Palazzo Ghisilardi Fava and Palazzo Fava Ghisilieri

Palazzo Ghisilardi Fava is a very beautiful example

of a wealthy family’s palace from the late 15th century Bologna It had been built as a residence for Bartolomeo Ghisilardi In the middle of the 16th century, it was bought by the Fava Family Today, it houses the Medieval Museum/Museo Civico Medievale

Palazzo Fava Ghisilieri on the corner of the streets Via Manzoni and Via dell’Indipendenza has an exquisite Renaissance facade, and some beautiful wall paintings can be found in some of the halls

12 Little Venice/Piccola Venezia

Canale de Moline/Canale di Reno

Bologna is situated neither by the ocean nor by a river, but several canals have been built from nearby rivers to the ciy, including canale Savena fron the east, Canale Reno from the west and Canale Navile from the north In the city centre there are smaller canals connecting to the three main canals, such as Canale de Moline, which joins Canale di Reno They constitue a small Venice, where the houses are built on the water’s edge

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During Bologna’s French era, around the year 1800,

an outdoor arena was built, where plays would be

staged in the summer This was the first Arena del

Sole, but the arena has since been extended The

complex was thoroughly renovated from 1984 until

the reopening in 1995 The elegant facade from 1888

by Gaetano Rubbi is the only feature that remains of

the earlier parts of Arena del Sole

14 Montagnola Park/Parco della Montagnola

Via dell’Indipendenza/Parco della Montagnola

Montagnola Park is the largest green area inside the old city wall The park is very cosy, and it features the beautiful Pincio Escalade by the square Piazza

12 gates in the latest wall It was built in 1659-1661 There are remnants of earlier defence works in other locations as well, such as the western gate, Porta San Felice (Via San Felice), from 1508

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Tiêu đề	Travelling to Bologna
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS
Trường học	University of Bologna
Chuyên ngành	Travel Guide / Cultural Studies
Thể loại	Sai Gòn
Năm xuất bản	2010
Thành phố	Bologna

Định dạng
Số trang	31
Dung lượng	3,85 MB