Travel to Paris docx

Download free ebooks at bookboon.com5 A Visit to Paris www.paris-touristoffice.com www.franceguide.com Paris is the city of cities, the place where romance rules and evokes memories

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Download free ebooks at bookboon.com

Translation: Carina Nimann Nielsen

All rights and copyright relating to the content of this

book are the property of Ventus Publishing ApS, and/or its

suppliers Content from ths book, may not be reproduced

in any shape or form without prior written permission from

Ventus Publishing ApS.

Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,

in relation to reviews are allowed.

ISBN 978-87-7061-414-6

2nd edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according

to agreement with the following copyright owners

Stig Albeck.

The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may

have be subject to change after this book was published.

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A Visit to Paris

www.paris-touristoffice.com

www.franceguide.com

Paris is the city of cities, the place where romance

rules and evokes memories or dreams in everyone

And there is really something to get on to

Paris is one of the largest cities in Europe and the

impressive dimensions can be experienced

everywhere: In the Eiffel Tower, the large squares,

the wide boulevards, the art collection of the Louvre,

and last but not least, the fabulous Versailles where

the Sun Kings lived their carefree lives during the

time that lead up to the French Revolution

Paris has something to offer to everyone There are

first rate sights, fashion houses, parks, cafés and

areas with an atmosphere of their own such as the

Latin Quarter and Montmartre The Parisians

themselves and the special atmosphere in the city all

adds up to an abundance of potential experiences

If you want to go outside the city centre, it only

takes a short while before you can stroll through the

park of Versailles, test yourself against the strong

Gauls in Parc Asterix or go on a tour of the Walt

Disney universe

Have a nice trip!

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Historical outline

During the centuries around the birth of Christ, the

Celtic tribe Parisii settled on the Île de la Cité in the

middle of the Seine, which is also part of the city

centre today

The settlement was abandoned after being defeated

by Roman troops under Caesar Later, the Romans

founded the city Lutetia in the same place

Lutetia ceased to exist as a Roman city with the fall

of the Roman Empire In 360, the name of the city

was changed to Paris after the previous Celtic

inhabitants, and with the entry of the Franks in the

5th century, the Roman period ended In 508, the

Christian King of the Franks, Clovis I, made Paris

the capital of his new kingdom The importance of

the city was reduced again during the 8th century,

however, when Aachen became the new capital

Throughout the 9th century, Danish Vikings

besieged the city on several occasions Fighting and

looting took place but more often than not, the

Vikings settled for a ransom to spare the city

In 987, Paris became the capital of the kingdom

once again and the importance of the city increased

It became the beginning of a flourishing

development and saw the construction of a number

of buildings that still stand today

In 1163, the construction of the Notre Dame

Cathedral was begun Les Halles from 1167, the first

construction of the Louvre, the Sainte Chapelle from

1248 and the Sorbonne from 1253 are other

examples of the great progress that took place in

Paris Large areas on the northern bank of the Seine

were drained and developed

In the 13th century, there were about 100,000 inhabitants in Paris and it was during these years that France became a great power Paris was a leading city financially and culturally and it was also during this time that the parliament was founded

The Hundred Years War between England and France began in 1337 The defeat in 1415 meant an English advance and Paris was occupied in 1420

In 1429, Joan of Arc went to Paris and incited the troops to renewed resistance against England Joan

of Arc was wounded and captured by the English, who burned her at the stake After the French victory at Orléans and the following battles, the English were driven out of Paris in 1437 and in

1453 out of France entirely

Throughout the Renaissance from the last half of the 15th century, Paris underwent significant development Again, many great buildings were erected In 1528, the construction of the Louvre Palace was begun by Francois I Later kings have had greater influence on the buildings, however

In 1572, armed conflict broke out between the Protestant Huguenots and Catholic groups Severe fighting in connection with the wedding of Henry

of Navarre resulted in a massacre of the Huguenots During the following years, the city was besieged by Catholics In 1594, Henry of Navarre became a Catholic and king in Paris

At the beginning of the 17th century, construction was once again the order of the day and among other things, the Pont-Neuf was built as the first bridge across the Seine

After the Sun King Louis the XIV acceded the throne in 1643, the building activities escalated The culmination was the glorious palace Versailles, which was constructed from 1676

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The development continued steadily throughout the

18th century under the absolute power of the Sun

Kings, and the tensions in society triggered the

French Revolution on 14th July 1789 with the

storming of the Bastille The rebellion against the

royal power became final in 1792 when the 1st

French Republic was proclaimed

In 1795, a royalist insurrection was suppressed by

Napoleon, who became emperor of France in 1804

at a ceremony in Notre Dame He was forced to

abdicate in 1814 only to return in 1815 He was

forced from power again that same year and exiled

to the island of Saint Helena Today, the Arc de

Triomphe stands in Paris as a monument that was

begun during Napoleon’s heyday

During the 19th century, the old parts of the city

were heavily modernised The renovation entailed

large, new, fashionable housing areas, and the

famous wide boulevards of Paris were built The

Paris Commune was established in 1871

In 1889, Paris hosted the World Exhibition, whose landmark was the Eiffel Tower The Metro of Paris was opened in 1900 and in the same year the city hosted the Olympic Games This was during the prosperous Belle Époque, which is known for its art nouveau

From 1940-1944, Paris was occupied by Germany, but because of the lack of industry, the city was spared from bombings

In later years, France has established great, new cultural institutions such as the Centre Pompidou and building projects such as the modern quarter La Défense Paris is – as always – undergoing

development

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The island Île de la Cité is where Paris was founded It

is one of two islands in the Seine in the heart of the

French capital (the other one is Île Saint Louis) When

the city was founded, the Celtic people Parisii lived on

the island, which for a while was Roman before the

construction of the present, famous French buildings

were begun – Notre Dame being the first

2 Notre Dame

Place du parvis de Notre Dame

www.notredamedeparis.fr

Metro: Cité

Notre Dame is the impressive Gothic cathedral of

Paris built from 1163-1330 Notre Dame is a

significant cultural treasure and it is possible to

spend hours here

Over the years, many events have taken place in Notre Dame: Napoleon was crowned emperor here

on 1 December 1804 for instance Today, Notre Dame is a Catholic cathedral and the seat of the Archbishop of Paris

The facade facing west is divided into five levels, a tradition transferred from certain Romanesque churches From below, you can see the three entrance portals, the Gallery of Kings (the row of statues), the level with the rose window, the Gallery

of Chimeras and finally the two towers

There are three large rose windows in the Notre Dame, one in the facade facing west and one in the facades facing south and north respectively The windows have been constructed during the 12th and 13th century and the windows facing west and north are still relatively original The church room itself, from where it is possible to look at the rose windows and many other interesting details, is 34 meters high

It is possible to take an exciting trip to the top of the 69 meters high towers There is a good view of the roofs of Paris from here and the famous chimera monsters are found here In the south tower, you can see the bell Emmanuel, which weighs 13,000 kilos

In the square right in front of Notre Dame the zero plate, Point Zéro, is found, from which distances from Paris are measured

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3 Crypte Archéologique

Place du parvis de Notre Dame

Metro: Cité

On the square opposite the Notre Dame, you will

find the entrance to the Roman ruins of the early

history of Paris There are also sketches and models

of Paris from the time when the city was called

Lutetia by the Romans

4 Conciergerie

Quai de l’Horloge 1

http://conciergerie.monuments-nationaux.fr

Metro: Cité

The Conciergerie building was originally part of the

residential palace of the French kings before the

royal court was moved across the Seine to the

Louvre in 1358 One of the special purposes of the

Conciergerie was to house the Royal Ministry of

Finance and Taxation From 1391, the building was

converted into a prison, something that has

happened to the Conciergerie many times through

history A number of prominent prisoners have

occupied the cells of the building, including the

French Queen Marie Antoinette

The present buildings are not the original ones from the time of the French kings Three preserved towers from the Middle Ages can be seen, however: The Caesar Tower, the Silver Tower and the Bonbec Tower The general impression that you get today comes from the latest major renovation, which took place in 1858

In 1914, the prison was closed and instead the Conciergerie reopened as a national monument There is access to part of the buildings that are also used by the Court of Justice of Paris The most impressive sight when touring the buildings is the hall Salle des Gens d’Armes where the Royal Guard lived The Hall dates back to the 14th century and is

65 metres long and 27.5 metres wide

5 Palais de Justice

Boulevard du Palais www.ca-paris.justice.fr/cour Metro: Cité

Palais de Justice is a large complex of buildings that houses various courts of justice The area is more than 4 hectares and there are 24 kilometres of corridors, 7,000 doors and 3,150 windows in the buildings

The buildings were originally part of the royal residence, which were built under King Louis IX Most of the present court buildings are from the 18th century, however

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6 Sainte Chapelle

Boulevard du Paris 4 http://sainte-chapelle.monuments-nationaux.fr Metro: Cité

Sainte Chapelle was constructed from 1246 to 1248

as a chapel in the newly built residential buildings

King Louis IX bought relics of Christ from the emperor in Constantinople Among the relics were the crown of thorns of Christ and a piece of the cross from the crucifixion of Christ

In the church, there is a lower chapel, which functioned as an ordinary church for the staff of the residential palace, and the grandiose upper chapel, which was the king’s private chapel

A visit to Sainte Chapelle is a fantastic experience, not least because of the many stained glass windows, which depict the story of the Bible in more than 1,100 images The windows are considered among the finest in the world and the majority of them are original

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7 Pont-neuf

Pont-neuf

Metro: Pont-neuf

The Pont-neuf bridge is the oldest bridge across the

Seine in Paris It was built from 1578 to 1607 The

Pont-neuf connects the banks of the Seine via Île de

la Cité The bridge is 278 metres long and 28 metres

wide

At the Pont-neuf Bridge on Île de la Cité, a statue of

Henri V on horseback can be seen It was originally

set up in 1614 but destroyed in 1792 during the

French Revolution In 1818, it was recreated from

the original casts and the metal from two statues of

Napoleon

8 Musée de la Monnaie

Quai de Conti 11 www.monnaiedeparis.com Metro: Odéon

The Musée de la Monnaie is the former mint of Paris, erected 1767-1775 Coins were struck here until 1973, but now it is a museum

9 Église de Saint-Germain-des-Prés

Place St-Germain-des-Prés www.eglise-sgp.org Metro: St-Germain-des-Prés

The St-Germain-des-Prés Church is the oldest in Paris It dates back to 542 The main part of the present exterior was built in the 11th century, however, but there are still elements of the original building The bell tower was constructed from 990

to 1014 and it is the oldest preserved bell tower in France

The church was built as a Benedictine abbey church and it was a burial place for the Merovingian kings

A fire destroyed the other buildings in the abbey complex in 1794

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10 Cour de Rohan

Rue de Jardinet

Metro: Odéon

The name Cour de Rohan covers three preserved

courtyards from medieval Paris It is a small oasis in

the city and a unique opportunity for a meeting with

the French capital of the 15th century

11 Église Saint-Sulpice

Place Saint-Sulpice

www.paroisse-saint-sulpice-paris.org

Metro: Saint-Sulpice

The St-Sulpice Church is the second biggest in Paris

(surpassed only by the Notre Dame) It is 113 metres

long, 58 metres wide and 34 metres high A

Romanesque church building used to stand here but

it was demolished to make room for the St-Sulpice,

which was built from 1646 to 1780

The church offers the biggest organ in France with

no less than 15,836 organ pipes It is also possible to

see the original Parisian meridian line, which consists

of an 11 metres tall obelisk with the actual meridian

line in front of it

12 Palais de Luxembourg

Rue de Vaugirard 19 www.museeduluxembourg.fr www.senat.fr

Metro: Saint-Sulpice, Odéon

The big palacial mansion, the Palais de Luxembourg was originally built for Maria de Medici, who was the mother of King Louis XIII and Henri VII’s widow It was built at the beginning of the 17th century but changed considerably on several occasions throughout the 19th century

The Palais de Luxembourg was Napoleon’s first residence in Paris and from 1940 to 1944, it was the headquarters of the Luftwaffe Today, the building houses the French Senate

Behind the Palais, the beautiful Luxembourg Gardens are situated with their great fountains In the complex, the museum Musée de Luxembourg has been set up and here it is possible to see various art exhibitions

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Metro: Cardinal Lemoine

The Paris Panthéon was completed in 1790 It was

originally built as a church for Saint Geneviève, who

is patron saint of Paris The name Panthéon is Greek

and means the temple for all the gods

King Louis XV began the construction work In

1744, he promised himself he would erect a great

church here if he got over his severe illness The

king got well and the building of the church was

begun in 1758

Apart from the interesting and beautiful interior of

the church, the Panthéon houses a number of

sepulchral monuments for known Frenchmen,

including Emile Zola, Victor Hugo and Voltaire

14 Arènes de Lutèce

Rue Monge 47 Metro: Cardinal Lemoine

This Roman arena was built in Lutetia and it seated 15,000 spectators It was erected in the 2nd century and the remains were found during excavations in

1869 It is one of the only major, preserved buildings in Paris from the time of the Romans

During the invasion of the Barbarians around 280, some of the stones of the arena were taken and used to build ramparts on Île de la Cité The arena was later turned into a cemetery and in the 13th century, the place was filled up with soil Today, the arena is part of a public park

15 Val-de-Grâce

Place A Laveran Metro: Gobelins

After 23 years of childless marriage, King Louis XIII and Queen Anne had a baby, who later became King Louis XIV In joy and gratitude to the Virgin Mary, Anne had the Val-de-Grâce erected The boy, the coming Louis XIV, laid the

cornerstone for the church in 1645 when he was 7 years old The church was completed in 1667

The Val-de-Grâce with its beautiful dome of gilded lead is considered one of the most brilliant Baroque buildings in Paris In connection with the Val-de-Grâce, there was a Benedictine convent where many sick and wounded people were treated during the Revolution After the Revolution, a real hospital was set up in the convent buildings

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The idea of the Paris Observatory came from King

Louis XIV´s minister of finance, Jean-Baptiste

Colbert, who wanted to strengthen the maritime

power and international trade of France, something

that called for navigational skills

The construction work was begun in 1667 and in

1672, the Observatory was completed Already

during the first year, the solar system was measured;

later the speed of light was measured and the planet

Neptune was discovered from here in 1846

The Observatory is placed on and is the basis of the

Parisian Meridian, which was acknowledged in

France until 1911 The meridian itself can be seen on

the floor in the Meridian Room

17 Tour Montparnasse

Rue de l’Arrivée www.tour-montparnasse.com Metro: Montparnasse-Bienvenue

Tour Montparnasse is a modern skyscraper and was built as the tallest in France in the period from 1969

to 1973 It is 210 metres tall and among the tallest office buildings in Europe On the 56th floor there is

a restaurant and on the 58th floor an observation deck Both places offer one of the best views in Paris

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The Dôme church is among the best examples of

French Baroque architecture from the 17th century

Louis XIV erected the Dôme to house the sepulchral

monuments of the French Sun Kings but this never

came to be, as it was not completed until 1735,

approximately 20 years after the death of Louis XIV

Today, the church is mostly known for housing the

tomb of Napoleon, which was constructed centrally

in an open crypt below the big dome decorated with

the paintings of la Fosses from 1692 depicting the

glory of Paradise Besides the tomb of Napoleon, it

is possible to see the tombs of other prominent

Frenchmen, including Napoleon II and Ferdinand

Foch, who was a French field marshal during the

First World War

19 Hôtel des Invalides

Esplanade des Invalides www.invalides.org Metro: Varenne

Louis XIV built the colossal military hospital in the period from 1671 to 1676 The buildings were both for the treatment of wounded French soldiers and set up as a home to war veterans The facade is almost 200 metres wide and the buildings contain

no less than 15 inner courtyards

There is another church in the complex apart from the Dôme, namely the Saint-Louis-des-Invalides, popularly called the Soldiers’ Church The church was consecrated in 1708

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20 Champ de Mars

Champ de Mars

Metro: École Militaire

The Champ de Mars are the large lawns where the

cadets of the Military Academy used to be paraded

The Academy, Ècole Militaire, lies to the south and

the Eiffel Tower is to the north west

The Champ de Mars was also the scene of many of

the historic ascents by balloon, including the first of

its kind in 1783 The lawns also housed part of the

World Exhibition in 1889

21 Tour Eiffel

Champ de Mars www.tour-eiffel.fr Metro: Bir Hakeim

Gustave Eiffel’s world famous Eiffel Tower was constructed for the World Exhibition in 1889 as a temporary monument to French engineering Fate decided otherwise, however, and the Tower stayed Today, it is one of the most famous buildings in the world

The Tower is 319 metres tall and it was the tallest building in the world until 1931 when the Empire State Building in New York took over this status

The first level on the way to the top is at a height of

57 metres and here there is a description of the history of the Tower The second level is at a height

of 115 metres, while the top is 274 metres above Paris Going up by elevator is an experience in itself and here you can see Gustave Eiffel’s flat

Opposite the Tower on the other side of the Seine, the Palais de Chaillot is situated It was built in Neoclassical style for the World Exhibition in 1937 There are many museums here, always a lively street life and a fantastic view of the Eiffel Tower

Tiêu đề	A Visit to Paris
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS
Trường học	Not specified
Thể loại	essay
Năm xuất bản	2010
Thành phố	Paris

Định dạng
Số trang	37
Dung lượng	4,2 MB