500 ký tự tiếng hoa cơ bản

NHA XUA T BAN TRE TONG HQP LY CHINH CHUYEN VIEN HOA VAN CAO CAP HIEU DINH TRAN MINH KIIANH (M A ) H(>C VItN NGON NGU BAC KINH The Most Practical Cracking Elementary Course for Learning Writing Essential Chinese Characters ,r~ ( »; ~ ~ i EXJ KY Tu 500 TIENG HOA co BAN Beijing Institute of Languages HQC Vll;N NGON NGa sAc KINH 500 BASIC CHINESE CHARACTERS A Cracking Course CHINESE ENGLISH VIETNAMESE Chung t6i thay can buy d9ng m9i phuang ti~n nhn biet, ca tu duy 16 gich, rn n t.

' , , ? ? NHA XUA T BAN TRE

CHUYEN VIEN HOA VAN CAO CAP HIEU DINH: TRAN MINH KIIANH (M.A.) H(>C VItN NGON NGU BAC KINH

The Most Practical & Cracking Elementary Course

Beijing Institute of Languages

Chung t6i thay can buy d9ng m9i phuang ti~n nh$n biet, ca tu duy 16 gich, rn:n tu duy hinh tuqng de xay dlfng kho chu Han trong bQ nao cua nhung nguai mai h9c, c6 the ap d~ng m9i hinh thuc thi giac, lien tuang, so sanh, phan tich, hai am, hoang duang Phuang phap huu hi~u nhat la khi n6i ve mqt chu se dua ra mqt slJ gqi y ho~c lien tuang Vi d\1 khi h9c chu

;{: (khong), se gqi y cho ngu'O'i h9c tu'ang tuqng chu ,J, (nho) a duai nhu' con chim nho, g9-ch ngang a tren nhu' la ban tay de xuo'ng, khong cho bay; ho~c nhu chu @/ ( tranh), hay tuang tuqng UJ a giua la mqt buc tranh, xung quanh la cai khung i§ Chu -f (sam), tuang tuqng la m~t trai El hay con a tren n6c nha tha +, nghfa la hay con s&m; chu ~ d9c the nao? jin, hay

Cuen sach nay thu ap dung hinh thuc ma cac hoc sinh nuoc ngoai ua thich, trong mot thoi gian ngan tap trung vao 500 chtr Han ca ban nhat, tren co SCI do hoc them chu mrri se

thay de hem, vi ho c6 the van dung cac kien thirc ve thanh phan cau tao , bQ thu , phat am

de hieu va nho moi quan h~ giira hinh, am va nghia cua cha Han Vi du khi da nam duce nghia cua cac thanh phan (chu) " ~, A , 11" se de dang hieu duqc chu {if (tuc) trong tu

.fl1 ~ ( tuc xa),

N girci ta thuong cho rarig' chu Han la ta y, thuc ra chu Han chu yeu la tuong thanh ,

thuong vira ta y vira tuong thanh, cho nen tuc ngu co cau "doc chil tlii doc niia ben, du cho nhtim l&n hhong Len qua trai", Tuy nhien chir Han di~n bieri cho den ngay nay , giua hinh , am

va nghla da khong con gc'in b6 chat che nira, cho nen can phdi nam duce that nh ieu cha r6i so sanh, suy ngam mrri h ieu duce Nhimg ngiroi nude ngoai mci hoc thuong phai co' nho tung hinh ve mot, cho nen hieu qua rat kern, hay viet sai, tham chi tao ra nhung chu la rat buon cuoi

Chu Han kh6 & hai diem : Thu 1- 86 chu rat nhieu, t6ng so' c6 den tren 5 van, chu thuong dung t6i thieu cung co 3-4 nghin Thu 2- Nhi~u net, sau khi gian h6a, cac chtr thuong dung trung bmh van con den 10 net Ngoai ra, d6i vrri nhirng nguoi ma tieng me de la chu ghep van, thi chu khoi vuong ta y khac xa vdi chu ghep van Hinh va am trong chir Han thuong khong gan lieri voi nhau, vi du trong cac chir ~' i~, ~' ?k, Ji, t_ , ~' jJil, ,£, ~' ,i

d~u c6 chir 5t, nhung each doc lai rat khac nhau

Ngiroi nude ngoai hoc tieng Han kh6 nhat la hoc cha Chu Han kh6 nhan, kh6 doc, kh6 viet, kh6 nho D6i voi nhung nguoi da quen voi loai cha ghep van, khi moi hoc tieng Han, thi loai chir hinh khoi vuong dung la mot thu sach troi, m6i chir la mot hinh ve than bi

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Ph d n gl _ 5i y, bai l~p, tlui' nr net v a sd d e'\ cau true du ( m g Chau Ki c n (.,i tn(('i11g D < ti H u e K\' Nam bien soan, de ph.in con lai du (mg Patrick Lin (Lam Bach Tung ) d.im nhiin Vi c e dich .,ang

ti e ng Anh d o ( mg Ching Cho Lu r Luc C a nh Ch a u ) phu tr i ch ehu' Ll a u lrang l ~ l cua nha tint' ph i p La

Minh Tam C.lC tac gd hinh v c l ~ l Chu B a ch 1 \ i ' \' ~ l Ch a u Hl , ) d Btnh N h;) h 'i c IH _ le li e n h (1 i g itt () - LI'

N g hieu Binh ' Eti L1fi g( ) p nhicu y kicn (Jll)' i) lll ch o vi 0 c hien su tn, g i 'irn ch \ c nh:1 \ll f tl h ~ 'in gi ~ tll t l d ;_ , ty

ti e ng Hoa Chftll Khu e Ki~ll L1J LElnh nhicu t C tm huy C: t v C t( l \ ' it;c hi e n ',( ) ~ _ Li l, sL t t eh L l °i l \ < t \ll ; ~ tl h ~ i n

cu 6 n sach

Chung t C )i c 6 gang hiC·n S(\111 cu ({ n "500 kj l(l tie'ug lloa co· biiu ,, n C t y Scl() ch () th ( tt hCYu ich

sinh c1 () n g v C t l ' ( ) nhi c u gia trj tham kh ju nhL(ng kh (l tr a 11h k.hl ' i S ~ Li S ('i t , rftl lllllll g 11h ( tll du \ iL • S l _( fl , p ) '

d1a b~n d t_) c

Chfrn th[rnh d m (511

Thanh phan la cac thuong dung de t9-0 chu Han, kh6ng phai l a bo thu , vi du cha iM

gom 3 thanh phan: i , jr, -t chir •ti gom 4 thanh phan ,t , El , -eQ, 3 , Biet viet tung thanh phan r6i ghep 19-i voi nhau, se bot duce sai s6t vJ net chu va hieu duce sau hem cau true cua chir Han

M6i chu trong sach dJu g6m 10 phan: hinh d a ng chir (ke ca phori th e), phat a m ( c6

phien am), giai nghia , thir W net, kieu chu, goi s , thanh phan , be;> thu , w thuong dung v a bai tap, c6 dich sang tierig Viet va tieng' Anh

Voi kieu giang giai chu nghia di dorn tham chi den ngo nghe nhu vay , t u y khong phu hop voi van tu hoc, nhung r a t thuc dung va c6 hieu qu a, rat duoc nguoi hoc d o n nhan Th e o tam ly hoc da nghien cuu, thi nhieu khi nhung cai hai huoc, ng 6 nghe , hoang dircng, v6 ly 1 9- i

de nho hem ca nhung cai 16 gich Neu them vao bai hoc vai hinh ve sinh d o ng s e dat h i e u qu a

Ian hem, doi khi mot hue tranh charn biern nho nho con gay an tucng va giup nho l a u h e m ca

cau van hang chuc chu

nho phan duai chir Ir- la j Chu ~ (muon) nguoi Trung Quoc muon gi? mu o n phu nu Tay Chu

:fj- (nhin): tren la f (tay) , duoi la gJ (mat), tay dat o phia tren de nhtn cho r o Chu s -j;

(trai phai) de Ian , thi goi y duci s la r., gidng' chu Z ( zuo), con chu t; thi clu6'i l a o mi e ng, dung tay phai de an Wm Chu ~ (chen), ben trai la *" ' chan cua Trung Quoc la bang g8 a? khong, ben phai c6 :;r , nghia la chen khong lam bang g8

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1J; 0

This book takes a new approach which is different from other books in this field of study It intends to mobilize every learning technique, including vision, imagination, association, comparision, analysis and assimilation, to help the readers learn the characters For instance: the character @, is interpreted as "a picture is being framed." ; the character -f

(early) is imagined as "the morning sun ( El ) just came up to the roof of the church ( + ) ;

is's still early"; the interpretation for the character zr; (cup) is that " the character ~ contains

a 'wood' ( t.) radical in it, it certainly does not ( -:;r: ) mean that Chinese cups are made of wood." ; a funny joke is used to explain the character ~ (want), which is: "what h e wants is a Western ( ~ ) girl ( * ) " Interpretations like these, matched with lively illustr a tions, will help the learners visualize the meanings of the characters and reinforc e their conc e ptions of the forms of the characters This new approach may seem to deviate from th e traditional method with the lexicographic explanations based on the classical Chin e se work i>i x.lij :f

(The Interpretations of the Words and Characters) However, through our years of experienc e

of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, we found the unconventional, imaginative ,

Aiming at these difficulties this book is designed to provide the beginning learners a fast and efficient way to master five hundred basic characters, and through the study of these characters, they also gain a basic knowlege on the compositions of Chinese characters - the radicals, pronunciations, meanings and the inter-relationships; thus, enabling them to further build up their reading characters in a fast pace

The reasons that Chinese characters are difficult for foreign beginning learners can

be attributed to two: the large number of Chinese characters and the lack of correlation between the forms and the pronunciations There is a total of over fifty thousand Chinese characters, even the most frequently used ones still amount to three to four thousands To a

foreign beginner, each character is different from the others, and he has to learn it as it is In

a straight sense, Chinese characters, with the majority of them are phonetic-compound characters, do contain some components to indicate the pronunciation or meaning , only that the learner has to first master a large number of basic components and characters before he can comprehend the rules and apply them to his study of new characters

One of the most difficult tasks in learning Chinese is the mastery of Chinese characters For beginning learners Chinese characters are difficult to recognize, read, writ e

and remember Some Western learners who get used to the alphabetical writing may even view the square-block Chinese characters as some kind of mysterious writing from another world, each by itself a puzzling picture

Preface

XIII

We would like to express our sincere appreciation to Professor Bing-cai Rao for his suggestions and comments on the draft of this book Any criticism or suggestions that might make future edition more useful to the beginning learners are welcome

Order Index" ; the "Stroke Order index" and the "Phonetic index" Although the "Pinyin System" ( the Romanization system adopted in mainland China) is used in this book, the

"Chinese Phonetic Alphabets System" (the traditional system adopted in Taiwan) is also used

to show the pronunciation of the heading character

may not limit only to those begun with the heading character, but extends to any word or

extensive enough to cover eighty percent of the vocabulary items listed under the A and B

categories (most frequently used levels) in An Outline

Two other unique features in this book are: the inclusion of seven types of scripts and

an array of exercises Presenting along with each character, there are seven types of scripts, ranging from the ancient "oracle bone script", "bronze script" and "seal script" to the modern

"standard script" "Sung style printing script" and even the "hand written style" This feature will develop the learners an understanding of the evolution of Chinese chracters as well as an appreciation of Chinese calligraphy The over eighty various types of exercises are so designed

humourous way of presentation can frequently achieve a better result than the conventional, traditional way Moreover, most of the readers of this book would be students who eventually

case, the trace of the origins of the long form characters would be less useful to them

JR'* )TI fl- El ,X-'f ~}} ~ 51

Bang chi don om dQC cue 500 chu Han thu'ong dung nhat

ai ~ 43 bu ffe 454 dao -!f- 453 fang ~ 154

an ~ ~ 77 bu ~ 456 dao jr] 128 fei ~F 383

bang ~ 468 chang r 309 dian '•'-' t5 169 gai ?k 237

bao ~ 331 chang Ji, 69 dian ~ 329 gan -t 71

bao 4fl 364 che $- 302 dlng ;t 405 gan ~ 308

bei ~ 67 cheng h\ 221 dong ,T, 144 gao r<') ~ 326

bei ~t 21 chT 11t 167 dong ijJ 185 gao % 406

bei ~ 459 chuang f,K 380 du ~ 211 ge -0- 150

bian i1l 354 cu6 ~ 457 er JL 103 gong /~ 292 bian 1~ 274 D er - - 2 gong _J:_ 89

bing #) 355 dai 1\ 402 fan ~ 46 guan .xJil 143

XI

XII

hai ~ 66 jia jJn 340 kan if 140 liu :-i: l)1l, 475

hua 1t.i ~ 317 jle H -p 460 lao ~ 440 rnei ~t 240

q1 ~ 7 se ~ 389 shu £t 498 wan at 313

qi hi 315 shan J , 166 shuang ~ 39 wan -;j 151

qT ~ 238 shang -1: 29 shuo iJL 206 wanq 1.i 417

ql ;.: \ 299 shao 1' 87 SI ,~ 306 wanq ~ 115

qian -t 73 shei i')i 136 song il 257 wen j:_ 130

qie JL 161 shen if 477 suan Jf 481 w6 $ 79

q1n * 392 shen 1t 116 SUI ~ 480 WU s 390

qTng ~ 441 sheng 1 193 sul t 432 WU }L 5

qTng 1r 248 sheng f, 478 su6 Ji)f 490 WU ~ 244

qTng ~ '>'l 249 sheng ~- 489 T WU ~h 483

Xiang *Q 304 ye -dL 81 yuan £& 224 zhl :t, ,a 467

Xiang ~ 305 ye ,7l 114 yuan F~ 375 Zhong tf 55

xiang t1foJ 218 ye ~ 409 yue JJ 12 zh6ng y 443

xiao >.-!!:

213 yi G 236 zai Ji_ 124 zhu 'i.i 9 2

:f::_

243 yl -!: 290 zen t 122 zhun ;ft 359

EJ

xie iM 349 yl )( 391 zhan Jffe_ 500 zi -f- 52

xing ft 421 yTng !J 328 zhe ~ 265 zu sn 466

xfr.g 1Tj 422 yong m 181 zhe t- 268 zul 'E)

48

~

xlng ~ /' 433 you d1 350 zhen ~ 379 zu6 at 119

xlng -li 197 you ~ 41 Zheng + 44 zuo j;_ 49

xiu 1t 63 you ~ 40 Zheng rt 286 zu6 1& 336

XU ,,: 448 you x 38 zheng iE 283 zu6 1t 120

XU Jm 423 you h 50 zheng Ji 285 zu6 ~ 70

XU -it 245 yu -t 72 zheng 1i1 284

i.1- 204 i#- 209 x 275 ;Jc 357 + 260 ~ 264 ::t 263 it 418 II:; 97 \?~ 96

X 345 f 62 ;;f1J 176 i!_ 259 i1lj 270 ~t 240 -4- 324 ~ 184 ~ 135 1.i 80

c #t : heng ) horizontal ngang '\ c A: dian) dot cham

c ~: shu ) vertical A')

\ c ~ffe: na ) down stroke to the right mac 17L c ~Jr: zhe ) turning gap A

Practice the following basic strokes - !~ ::J v:< T JL :.ff'~.$.~ if!b - Tap vie't cac net co ban :

6 ,r ffl i&J - Frequently-used words or phrases -Tu thtrong dung:

-Ji /' yfgong (A) altogether (P) tat ca, t6ng cong'

-AJL yldianr (N) a little, a bit (D) mot it, met chut

-~JL yl hulr (N) a little while (D) mot choc, met lat

7 !* >.) - Exercise - Bai t~p:

5 Mm - Radical - BQ thu : ( - (yi) : one : Bq nhat]

Some frequently used characters containing - radical are: -=-, ,;_, L, T, Ji., ;f., "Ji, etc

vA-1t~ita1~ m ~~" z., .=-, J:., T, A, ~, 7i" -f O

Bq thu nay co cac chu thuong dung: -=-, ,;_, L, T, Ji., ;f., "Ji

D

j!~lJll] ,j;- Cau true:

4 96 flf: - Component - Thanh phin :

Using a horizontal stroke to indicate the meaning of "one" - is a self-explanatory character;

it is also the simplest Chinese character

-

-

2 * 1$ - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

1 CB - Stroke order - Thu tt1 net :

Read aloud the following - fi}J ~ - T~p doc :

(tn) met tach thanh hai (tn) mot ngheo hai trang' (mot

la ngheo v~ cong nong nghiep, hai la kern v~ van

-~ n .t- t:.1 yl qiong er bai

~ -~-=- shuyt-shuer

(tn) doc nhat VO nhi,

c6 mot khong hai

stand by one's word

ranking one of the highest

x.i _~_-

6 fltfflii.1- Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thuong dung :

+-= }J Shl'eryue (D) thang 12, thang chap

+ :::_~ shl'erfen (P) het sire, rat

3

7 ~'3:) - Exercise - Bai bjp :

Find out the same three strokes in each of the followings characters :

J\ t±: ~ -1 f ;fU ~ a~ 3- @J * =

Ttm 3 net gi6ng nhau trong cac chir :

in a few words (tn ) dam cau ha dieu, doi lai

be of two minds, half-heartedly (tn) hai long

in twos and threes (tn) tung top doi ha nginri ,

top nam top ha

(NU) three months

(N) the Three Kingdoms (Chinese dynasty) Wednesday (D) thir tu (ngay trong twin)

Sanyue sange yue San Guo

5 Sm - Radical - B<} thu :

[ - (yT) : one : B(> nhat ]

6 #tfflii.J - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thu'ong dung :

:::

~t:#Jlll iF

Cau true:

-+-+-

4 Sill= - Component - Thanh ph,n :

The self-explanatory character 3- consists of three horizontal strokes.The middle stroke is the shortest while the bottom one is the longest

2 !j:1$ - Scripts - Ki~u chii :

1 U - Stroke order -Thu tt! net:

(N) four months (D) 4 thang

(N) all around, every where (D) khap noi

(N) all around (D) xung quanh

(N) the four seasons (D) hon mua

(N) Thursday (D) thu narn (ngay trong twin)

(IE) all directions (tn) hon phuong tam Inning,

Some frequently used characters containing Cl radical are: ~, ro, ffil, @1, ®l, m , 00, IE,

I!), rm' lil' ll], etc

v:-< o 1t ~ T a1 ~ m :f- ~ " ~, lil , lfil , @1, ®l , m , oo , l!l , oo , rm , lil , 111 ,, -f O

Bl? thu [l co cac chir thuong dung: ~, fil, ffil, @1, ®J, 00, El], IIl, 00, lffl, ~, Jll

6 jltffliiJ - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thuong dung :

[ Cl (wet) : enclosure : 89 vi]

L~ that, trong chir S (tu') lai c6 chir /'\ (bat: 8)

But thuong' T6ng Khai

3 film - Tips - Gqi y :

2 !j!f$ - Scripts - Kilu chu :

1 U- Stroke order -Thu tt1 net:

5

da jia qiao lu6 gu

* ~ IA i.1 jl

gongs and drums, let's strike

m91 ngtte1i go trong' chieng

yi qi shang 16u ti

upstairs, let's run

cung nhau len cau ,:, thang

yi er san shl WU

- el s

one, two, three, four, five

WU shl san er yi

five, four, three, two, one

7 ~>.1- Exercise - Bai fajp :

Read aloud - ll}J ~ - Tap doc :

s: }J Wuyue (N)

.Ji.£~~ Wuxing h6ngqf (N)

.li.)t/"· n wuhua bamen (IE)

.li.+ffe x WUShi bu Xiao (IE)

1i" ffe baibu

5 Sm - Radical - BQ thu :

[ - (yi) : one : 89 nhat ]

6 ffl'fflii.J - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thuong dung :

five months (D) 5 thang

Friday (D) thir sau (ngay trong tuan) the Five-Starred Red Flag (D) Cc, do narn sao

multifarious, of a wide variety (tn) du thir, tram thir ha giiin

one who retreats fifty paces (tn) cho che meo lam long

mocks one who retreats a hundred,

the pot calls the kettle black

D Ji

But thuong Tong

3 film - Tips - G<ji y :

Note that .Ji has only four strokes, not five strokes

ii.~ s: -1 ); 4i" el t® O

Chu y chir Ji ch i co 4 net , khong phai la 5 net

2 *1*- Scripts - Ki~u chu:

1 Q - Stroke order - Thu tl! net :

415-323-6514

7 !$>.] - Exercise - Bai tlj p :

1 Read aloud the following telephone numbers :

~ ~ vA "F lf?3t-;- lYi :

Doc cac s6 dien thoai :

(tn) ba dau sau tay

*A t.iuyue (N) June

/\~}J liuge yue (N) six months

~»l* XTngqiliu (N) Saturday

/\ ffe~iA liuqln buren (IE) refuse to have anything to do

with all one's relatives and friends

:: * ~,s,r santou liubl (IE) (with) three heads and six arms

- '/,

- super human

5 96g - Radical - BQ thu :

[ »: (ba) : eight : B9 bat)

6 ffl'ffliiJ - Frequently-used words or phrases -Tu thuong dung:

/\ 't uuchu (N) the six domestic animals (D) luc sue (cha , bo , Ion ,

(dog, ox, pig, fowl, goat, horse) ga, de, ngua)

4 ISftl: - Component - Thanh phd n :

As an even number numeral, the character /\ is symmetrical Note that the even number Chinese numerals -=- , ~, /\ , /\ all include the same two equal parts as indicated

*"1 ~Ai"if,f* o ).i:t" z;; ~, * , »:» -f ntt.-1 ~biif-f-~:i-3-=- o

Chu /\ hai hen can d6i Chu y: Cac chu s6 chan -=-, ~, /\ , /\ d~u co th~ chia doi

3 lam - Tips - Gqi y :

2 :.j:1$ - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

1 Q - Stroke order - Thu tlf net :

2+3=5

7 - 1 = 6

1 Read aloud the following Chinese numbers - fl}J ~ - D9c cac s6 :

- ::.~, ~ ::.-, - ::.~s~;, -t:;

2 Read aloud the following equalities in Chinese - }fJ ~ ~~r §1j-f- i( - B9c cac diing thirc

7 ~:s:J - Exercise - Bai t~p :

-t:;~J] qlge yue (N) seven months (D) 7 thang

-t:;J:./\ T qlshanq-baxia (IE) be agitated, be perturbed (tn) thap thorn

-t:;+ ::.,ff qTshl er hang (IE) all sorts of occupations ( tn) bay minri hai nghe

tL -t:;/\ fft tuanqlbazao (IE) at sixes and sevens, in a mess (tn) loan xi bat nhao , lung tung

6 'ffl'ffli&J - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tii thuong dung :

2 !j:f$ - Scripts - Ki~u chti :

1 Q - Stroke order -Thu tlf net:

(N) eight months (D) 8 thang

(IE) six of one and half a dozen (tn) mra can tam lang

of the other - to be equal

(IE) talk nonsense (tn) an n6i lung tung , n6i lao

(IE) pretty close, very near ( tn) mtnri phdn chac chin

IJJ l)t/\ i:l hushuo-badao

Bq thu /\ c6 cac chir thuong dung: ~' /~, *'' :J:.,, /\, Jt , wf , *' Jl_

2 *1* - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

1 8- Stroke order -Thu tlf net:

9

Find the location of fL in each character - J\ ~ T y1J i~ ~ ,:P a~ " fL " - Tim vi trf cua fL

trong cac chir :

of heavens

y:JL ch6ng jiu (N) the Double Ninth Festival (D) Trung ciru (mong chin

(9th day of the 9th lunar month) thang chin am lich)

:JLJt-.i jiusi-ylsheng (IE) a narrow escape from death (tn) thap tu' nhat sinh

:JL4 .{; jiuniu-ylmao (IE) a single hair out of nine ox (tn) hat cat trong sa mac,

7 !$'3:1 - Exercise - Bai t~ p :

The frequently used characters containing ) radical are: JI(, z, j( , ft, ,If-.,.+,*"' ff., etc

Bc;i thu ) co cac chir thuong dung: JI(, -Z., jt_, ft, ,If-., Jf-, *-, #

6 'lttffliBJ - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thu'ong dung :

I ) (pie) : left stroke : ae phay]

5 Sit - Radical - BQ thu :

D

j!*lJl!l iF :

4 &8fll: - Component - Thanh pha n :

There are only two strokes in :JL, and it resembles in hook too

2 :.j:1$, - Scripts - Ki~u chii' :

1 Q - Stroke order - Thu tlf net :

1 Translate the following numerals into Chinese characters - ~if - Dich cac so' sau sang chir

6 ffl'fflii.J - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thuong dung :

+-JJ Shfyiyue (N) November (D) thang 11

+-=-JJ Shf'eryue (N) December (D) thang 12

+~+~ shlquan-shfmel (IE) be perfect in every way (tn) thap toan thap my

+~sto shfzl lukou (N) crossroads (D) nga tu

~+~~ H6ngshfzlhul (N) the Red Cross (D) Hoi chir thap do

The character + looks like the cross on the top of the church Note that G is read as "si" while

+ is read as "shl"

+~1#.~~ J: a1+~* 0 i.i:t-e::1~ (sl), +~ (shi) 0

fr-=J;

Hanh

2 !j:1*, - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

11

Point out the location of El in each of the following characters, and count the strokes :

~~ ~ T J1J~~ t " El ,, a1ffL.Jt , :#-ll~~a1 ~!® =

Tim vi tri ciia El trong cac chir va dem net :

(N) rlye

(N) rlzi

Japanese (D) tieng Nhat

day, time, life (D) ngay, thoi gian, CUQC song

day and night (D) ngay dem

Sunday (D) chu nhat

Rlyu

(N) Japan

(N) Alben

(D) (D)

ngay thang narn Nh~t Ban

(N) date

rlqi

6 M'ffli&J - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tii thuong dung:

El 't rlchanq (A) day-to-day, everyday (P) hang ngay

v:< El ft~"Wff1~ ' -;t5(J-fft1:k_fE1 ' fftfal~ * ' ~o" 2., EJJJ, at, st, -f, ai=, £" -f O

Bq thu El c6 cac chir phan nhieu lien quan den mat trai va thoi gian:

~, El)J, at, at, -f, ai=, £

[ El (rl) : the sun : Be) nhat J

5 ISm - Radical - BQ thu :

3 1im - Tips - G<ji y :

This is a pictographic character symbolizing the sun

1#.k fEJ a11fJ~ 0

Chu tuong hinh , trong giong' ma t troi

4 ISilf: - Component - Thanh phd n :

m~-1 ~# ~-fi ;jt .:p; ff-fi ~-fi f.-45

12

July 4 - 4 thang 7 December 25 25 thang 12

November 30 30 thang 11

September 23 23 thang 9

February 14 14 thang 2

October 1st 1 thang 10

Write the dates in character - ~ tr: r §1] El Jtl:l - Viet cac ngay thang :

Examples -1J•J-ko - Vi du : April 29 l!9 lJ :::: +JL El 29 thang 4

}1 ~ yuelianq (N) the moon (D) mat trang

JJ JL yueguang (N) moonlight, moonbeam (D) anh trang

JJm yueblng (N) moon cake for the Mid-Autumn Festival (D) banh trung thu

JJ ~ yuetai (N) railway platform (D) s a n ga

J1 ~ -rF' yuepiao (N) monthly ticket (D) ve thang

~ }1 rnlyue (N) honeymoon (D) twin trang mat

7 !$>.] - Exercise - Bai fajp :

The meanings of some characters containing }1 radical are related to the moon such as: JtJ:), :l,

¥JJ, etc; while some of the others are related to meat or flesh such as JJJ) , ~' ~, )}!r, Ml, etc

v:-<}11t~itav-'f , -~~fo J1 ~~ * , -ko" Jtij, :l, ~jJ" -f ; -~~~ Jq~ *,

-!o " RJJ, ~, ~, )}!r, Ml" -f o

Bq thu }1 co mot so chir lien quan den trang nhu : Jtij, :l, ¥JJ, mot so lien quan den nhuc

< ,q : thjt ), nhu RJJ, ~, ~ ' )}!r , ~ ·

6 ffl'ffliiJ - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thu'ong dung :

[ }1 (yue) : the moon, meat : 89 nguy~t]

5 &61t - Radical - BQ thu :

D

J1

it~lJOO 7F :

Cau true:

4 IS1lf: - Component - Thanh ph,n :

This is a pictographic character symbolizing the moon in crescent

~ 1l;-'f , 1i JJ * 1L av 1f3:Ik O

Chu tucng' hinh , giong' hmh trang luai Iiern

But thinrng Tong Khai L¢ Hanh Thao 'I'rien

3 -~ - Tips - GQ'i y :

2 !j:1$ - Scripts - Ki~u chii :

1 Q - Stroke order - Thu tl! net :

the moon, month (N)

At renjia (PN) other people, the speaker itself

AO renkou (N) population, number of people in a family

A~ renrnm (N) the people (D)

A~ rp Renmfnbl (N)

Ai°

v~A 1t~itav-r ' ~5(§-fiftiA,1f * ' -ko" ft, #1, ft, 4, ,ft, 1t, -tt!!., A_,~' vi" -f O

B9 thu A g&m cac chir phan nhieu lien quan den con nguoi: ft, #1, 1t, 4, ,ft, 1t, ,{e_,, /:J , ~' 1.{L

5 &IS"i' - Radical - BQ thu :

D

~t -*lJ lll -iF :

Cau true:

4 &ISfll:- Component -Thanh ph,n:

This is a pictographic character symbolizing a man Men use only two legs to walk, this is a

significant difference between men and apes

Chu tirong hinh , gicng hinh nguci A (nhan) Nguoi di bang hai chan , khac vdi loai khi

1 Q - Stroke order - Thu tt! net :

14

How many men altogether are there in these four characters?

Dem xem trong 4 chu co tat ca bao nhieu nguoi?

*-• daqa! (A/AJ) probably, main idea (Ptr) dai kha i , co le

*-* daltu (N) doctor (D) bac sI

:k t dajia (P) all (Bt) moi nguci

:k ~ dalu (N) continent, mainland (D) d~i l~c

:k A daren (N) adult (D) nguni 16n

:k ,J' daxlao (N) big and small, size (D) to nhd, CCI

:k ~ daxue (N) university (D) dai hoc

:k 1ttr: dashlquan (N) embassy (D) dai Su' quan

:k }tt daduoshu (N) the majority (D) dai da so

7 !53:J - Exercise - Bai fa)p :

The frequently-used characters containing k radical are :l_, -* , ];;_, 3*, etc

v:<:k 1t~~av~ m r-~" :l_, -* , ];;_, *" -f O

B(> thu :k._ c6 cac chir thuong dung: :l_, -* , ];;_, *

6 'Ntfflii.J - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thuong dung :

[ k (da) : great : 89 dai ]

5 Sit - Radical - BQ thu :

~.t.:f *-1*- ~"11

But thuong T6ng Khai

3 -~ - Tips - Gqi y :

2 *1* - Scripts - Ki~u chii :

1 U - Stroke order - Thu tlj net :

da, da i ( dai)

big (AJ)

15

*"* t6udeng (N) first-class (D) hang nhat

** t6ufa (N) hair ( on the human head) (D) toe

*}t.t tounao (N) brains, mind (D) dau 6c

o* k6ut6u (N) oral, in words (D) bang mieng

r * g6ngt6u ' (N) j foreman (D) cai , doc cong

1t* dltou (VO) lower (bow) one's head (Dtan) cui dau

** daitou (VO) take the lead (Btan) dan ddu

A* diantou (VO) nod one's head (£)tan) g~t dau

:l"* ( JL) laotoutr) (N) old man (D) ong gia

-lr.f']* yl nian dao tou (IE) throughout the year, (tn) quanh narn su6t thang

all the year round

~*,t±J: yfngtou-ganshang (IE) try hard to catch up (tn) vuon len duoi ki p

7 !53=.J - Exercise - Bai b}p :

Explain the meanings of the following terms - ~ft r §1jiij -iia1"!: ,~ - Giai nghia cac tu' :

A.* *A *-* - :: *~ 8,.f ,/,

5 S1i" - Radical - BQ thu :

[ k (da) : big : 89 dai ]

6 fltffliiJ - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thuong dung :

This is a simplified character for *· Here, k is the shape of a man; and the two dots " * "

point out the position of the head

" il" a1 ~i 1-t~ 0

" k " kA.a1 m-tt , iaj A " *" ~ii"F"* a11.ft.I 0

Chu :k_ c6 hinh nginri , hai charn " * " chi ro v ; tri cua dau

.il 1 head (N) 2 first (AJ) (~

. _ . . _ _ . _.I ~n ~

16

k~ taikong (N) outer space (D) vu tru

kk taitai (N) wife, Mrs, lady (D) vq, ha, guy ha

k-f- taiplnq (AJ) peaceful (T) thai binh

±:=t talzt (N) crown prince (D) thai t11

:k.16 taihou (N) mother of an emperor (D) thai h4u

:k_/~ taigong (N) great-grandfather (D) Cl;I

6 Mfflii.J- Frequently-used words or phrases -Tu thtiong dung:

5 ilS'it - Radical - B<) thu :

[ k (da) : big : 89 d~.:]

D

$!~£JOO 1F :

Cau true :

4 S'fll: - Component - Thanh phji n :

A dot ", ", added to *._ (big), this self-explanatory character means "excessive" or "extremely"

"*" -ilj-Jf1Ja-.~t" ' " ' ~ii';" ii~" ' "~~~" a1"t:,~ 0

Chu *._ (dai) them met charn ", " e6 nghla la thai qua, eve ky

$11

Thao

But thuong To'ng Khai L~ Hanh

3 tim - Tips - Gqi y :

2 *1* - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

1 Q- Stroke order -Thu tlf net:

17

(June: thang 7) i;: (qu; go to: di) El $ (Alben; Japan: Nhat Ban) 3.~

2 ,fe (ta; he: anh a'y) - }!] :r.1,t: (gongzuo ; to work: lam viec) _ (five days: 5 ngay),

(seven days: 7 ngay)

1 - ~ (zhou: week: tuan le)~ (you; have: co) -

Fill in the blanks with characters according to the information given - J.A- ~ - Dien chir Han theo chu cho truck :

6 ffl'fflii.J - Frequently-used words or phrases • Tu thu'ong dung :

k;r tianca.i (N/AJ) talent, genius (D/f) thien tai

k~ tiankong (N) the sky, the heavens (D) Mu trci

k~ tianqt (N) weather (D) thci tiet

k~ tianzhu (N) the God (D) Thien Chua, Chua

~k chuntian (N) spring (D) rnua xuan

I.k xiatian (N) summer (D) mua ha

~k qiutian (N) autumn, the fall (D) mua thu

~k dongtian (N) winter (D) mua dong

3 !Im - Tips - Gqi y :

The sky ( - ) is above man (A)

k~A a~J:.~ 0

Trai ( k ) & tren ngiro'i ( A )

4 &6f4: - Component - Thanh phin :

'

2 *1* - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

1-1=-lrl~I I

tia n (thien)

1 sky (N) 2 day (N)

18

Nguci dim ong nay cao hon trc1i, mot nginri bang hai nguoi

2 Guess what character it is? - f-A'-f!i.!J{jt~~ ? - Do chu :

This man is higher than the sky, one person equals to two persons

time, workmanship, skill, art (D) cong phu

5 Sm - Radical - Be) thti :

6 'NtffliiJ - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thtiong dung :

1 Write the characters according to the pinyin, and give the Vietnamese translation - ~i fJb-#f-{-

4 &6flf: - Component - Thanh ph,n :

2 !j:1$ - Scripts - Ki~u chii :

1 Q - Stroke order - Thu tt1 net :

I - _. I -_ _I _ 1 I_*- ._I _ _I _. ._. _. .I

fu (phu)

1 husband (N) 2 man

1 nguoi ch8ng (D)

4 2 da n ong (D)

19

2 J: T (xia: under: ha, dudi) JG (wu: not have: vo , khong c6) A

(Under the sky J: , there is no people A - dudi trO'i khong c6 nginri),

7 !5'3:l - Exercise - Bai tQ p :

Riddles - ~liit iJ - Do chir :

(A person A inside a mirror - ngiroi trong guong),

elementary course

t!:A chilru (V) come in and go out (E)) ra vao

fJoA jiaru (V) join, add (E)) gia nhap , them vao

iltA shouru (VIN) take in, income (E}/D) thu nhap

ti: i.A}t chusheng-rusl (IE) go through fire and water (tn) vao sinh ra tu'

( A ( 1 ) (ren) : man : 89 nhan ]

6 'NtffliBJ - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tit thuong dung :

D

jt ~l] ril iF :

Cau true:

lM~~ ~#- ~11

Pay attention to the difference between A and A

ii-1; '6 A._" lP '6 A" Mi~ i,J O

2 *"* - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

20·

Translate the following into Vietnamese - tflit - Dich sang Wfog Viet:

~ (ta; he: anh ay) J.A El ~ (Alben; Japan: Nhat Ban) ;ft (Iai; come: den),

1if ~ (ke shl: but: nhirng) ~Rl{.J.A :k :k

J.A.wj conqqian (A/N) before, in the past (PID) truce day

J.A.Jii conq'er (C) thus, thereby (L) ttt do, do do

j.,A_ - jtJ conq dao (PH) from to (dn) tu Mn

).,A. -~~ c6ng chufa (PH) start from (dn) di tu

One person following another, this associative compound character indicates "to follow"

But thuong' T6ng Khai L~ Hanh

3 film - Tips - Gqi y :

c6ng (tong/tung)

~ 1 follow (V) 2 from (PP)

21

2 The doctor came from Beijing (Bae st la nguoi Bae Kinh)

7 ~ '3:) - Exercise - Bai t~p :

Translate into Chinese - ~:Jif - Dich sang tieng Han :

1 There are too many people in Beijing (Bae Kinh qua dong dan)

(N) north, the norther part of the country

(N) Beijing, capital of China (PRC)

JRiA.1f $ ;4,f i!Ai , k;4,f a~~,~ , 16 * ttHt;1t O

Hai ngmri dirng' tua lung vao nhau, c6 nghta la cai lung, sau nay duce muon M chi phia bac

{t :f~ ~t jl::, iC -t? nij

ffl~~ ~# ~ :JS jft :J; ff :J; ~ :JS J :J;

3.11~ -Tips - GQ'i y :

2 !j: 1$ - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

1 igg - Stroke order - Thu t'1 net :

22

1 ~kktt~ ~ (gao; tall: cao) 0

Follow the -examples to make sentences using " l:t" :

tl#TdQ~~~ t, ffl "tt" ~.it~

D~t cau c6 chtr " tt" theo mau cau :

tt.f1 bljao (V/A) to compare, comparatively (f)/P) so sanh

tt1JiJ bill (N) ratio, proportion (D) ty l~

tt-J- blsal (N) match, competition (D) thi, thi dau

~tAo blru (C) for example (L) vi du, vi nhu

6 Mfflii.l - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tu thuong dung :

2 !j:1$ - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

23

Point out the location of }J in each of the following characters:

4 i ~ " JJ ,, -#=- "f di1 ~ -1-1' a11ft I

Tim vi tri cua JJ trong cac chir:

E1Jl E7 mfngbai (AJ/V) clear/ understand, know (Till) ro rang, hi~u ro

EJJl~ mfngliang (AJ) bright, become clear (T) sang sua

E1Jl E1Jl mfngmfng (A) obviously, undoubtedly (P) ro rang , ranh ranh

El '\ JJ ghep vdi nhau co nghia la sang

'

3 film - Tips - Gqi y :

24

Point out the location of + in each of the following characters :

4i t!; " +" ~ T dn~:f 1=' a~-0:.I

-fat zaowan (A) morning and evening, sooner or later (P) sdm chieu, sorn muon

-fhl zaoql (N) the early time period (D) thci ky d§.u

Thao

,lt-=f;

Hanh

2 *1* - Scripts - Ki~u chu :

1 U - Stroke order - Thu tlf net :

11 lrJIFllEll_!'?_l-v-1

6

zao (tao)

1 morning (N) 2 long ago (AJ)

1 bu6i sang (D) 2 tu Iau (T)

-·

~-=f;

Khiii

E1~ baitian (N) daytime, day (D) ban ngay

E1~ baicai (N) Chinese cabbage (D ) rau cai trang'

(N) the White House (D) tea B~ch Oc

EJ h\.~~ baizhl-heizl (IE) (written) in black on white paper (tn) gia'y trdrig mire den

6 ffl'fflii.J - Frequently-used words or phrases - Tii thtiong dung :

5 IS"m · Radical - BQ thu :

[ E1 (bai) : white : 89 bach ]

D

tt~£Jlll 1F Ca'u true :

4 &fSitf:- Component -Thanh ph,n:

This is a self-explanatory character With one additional stroke ( J ) above the sun ( ~) , this character implies the white light of the sun

2 *1* · Scripts - Ki~u chii :

1 8 · Stroke order - Thu tl! net: