Mo hinh qun ly tng hp vung b bin vi

H6i nghi Khoa h9Ck Yniem 35 ndm Vien Khoa h9Cva C6ng nghi Viet Nam - Ha N6i 10 1 2010AN APPROACH TO THE INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE Tr§n Duc Thanh, Nguy~n Hfru efr Vien Tai nguyen va M6i twa

VI:eN KHOA HOC vA CONG NGH:e VI:eT NAM VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGY (VAST)

Hit NQi, 2010

H i n g hi K h oa h 9C IcY ni e m 35 n d m V i ¢ n Kh oa h 9CvaC 6 g n h ¢ V i ¢ ! Na m - Ha N(Ji 1 1 20 1

Ml}C Ll}C

UJI NOI DAu

1 MOT SO DAc DIEM THUY VAN, DONG i uc BIEN VIl;:T NAM QUA cAc KET QuA KHAo SAT, NGHIEN cuu

2 DIA CHAT VA TIEM NANG KHOANG SAN BIEN DONG

3 MOT SO KET QuA NGHIEN cuu VE BIEN vA CONG TRiNH BIEN

4 xAc DlNH RANH orot NGOAI THEM LVC DIA VI;:T NAM (PHAN PHIA BAC) -THEO KHIA CANH KY THUAT

TS D6 Chi~~ Th~ng, TS Ng y~n Th~ Ti~p, TS Phung Van Phaeh, TS Hoang Van VU'Q'ng,

5 MO HiNH QUAN LY TONG HOP VUNG Bd BIEN a VIl;:T NAM

Tr~n Dare Tha , guy~n fru ifr •••.•• • • • • • • •.••••••••• • •• • • •••••••••• 55

6 KET QuA NGHIEN cuu SINH VAT BIEN DONG VIBT NAM, DE xu AT MOT SO PHVdNG HVdNG NGHIEN crru TRONG NHUNG NAM TIEP THEO

7 xAY DVNG vA THUNGHIEM cAc HE HON HdP CHAT HOAT DONG BE MATI

PHOI TRON VdI NANO Si02 PHVC VV TANG CVdNG THU no: DAu TAl MO DONG NAMRONG

Nguy~n PhU'O'ng Tung, Le Kim Hung, Pham Duy Khanh, Le Thi NhU'Y, Van Thanh Khue

8 DANH GIA DO NGUY HIEM DONG DAT vA SONG THAN VUNG VEN BIEN VA HAl DAo VIET NAM VA DE XUAT cAc GIAI PHAp UNG PHO V A PHONG TRANH Bui Cone' Qu~(I, Nguy~n Dinh Xuyen'", Nguy~n HAng PhU'O'ng(I),Tr~n Thi M y Thanh(l), Pham Van Thl}e(2), Nguy~n Van LU'o'ng(2),Tr~n Tuan Diing(2), Phan Trong Trinh(3) 8

9 BAN DO KIEN TAO - DIA DONG LlJC VUNG BIEN NGOAI KHdl NAM TRUNG BO vApHvcAN

Phung Van Phaeh, D6 Chi~n Th~ g, Nguy~n Th Ti~ , Hoan Van VU'Q'ng,DU'O'n Quae Hung, Tdn Anh Tuan, Tr~n Van Kh3, Ngo Bich HU'Ong, Trinh Hoai Thu 98

10 NGHIEN cuu CHI TIET DAc DIEM cAu TRUC TANG TRAM rtcn TREN KHU V{jC THEM LVC DIA MIEN TRUNG VIBT NAM VA KE CAN TREN co SO XU LY

VA MINH GIAI TONG HdP TAl LIEU DIA VAT LY - DIA CHAT KIEN TAD

11 DAC DIEM XOI La, BOI TV VA TIEN HOA VUNG cu A SONG LAM TRONG HOLOCEN - HIBN DAI

12 DANH GIA DIA CHAN KIEN TAO vA SONG THAN TREN BIEN DONG vA LAN CAN

Tidu ban: Khoa hoc con n he B ien I S B N : 978 - 60 4- 9 I 3 - 0 15 - 1

Ph an Trong Trinh\ Nguy~n Van Huo g', Vu Thanh Ca2, CUMinh Hoang\ Ngo Van Liem',

13 NGHIEN cUD DIA CHAT BIEN VII;:T NAM BANG PHUONG PHAp DIA CHAN

NONG PHA.NGIAI CAO TAl VII;:NDIA CHAT - D1AVAT LY BIEN

14 MOT SO DAc TRlfNG PHA.N BO TRAM rtcn BE MAT TREN PHAN CHAu THO

NGAM VEN BO BIEN DONG BANG SONG CUU LONG

Nguy n Trung Thanh(l), Phung Van Phach(l) ,Nguy~n HAng Uin(l), Daniel Un erricht" 129

1 DAC DIEM DIA HINH vA TRAM rtcn DAy VINH cA NA

Pham Ba Tru~g, Trjnh Th~ Hi~ , Ng y~n Dinh Da~, TrAn Van Binh 134

16.NHAN THUC CO BAN VE TAl NGUYEN VI THE BIEN VII;:T NAM

Tran u-c Th~n, guy~n Hli'u Ci'r, r~n lnh L ~iJn••••• ••• ••• ••••••••.•.• ••.•••••• ••• ••••.• 141

17 REMOTELY SENSED DATA ANANLYSIS OF LANDUSE FOR STRATEGIC

ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT OF SEA PORT DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF

HAIPHONG, VIETNAM

18.MOT SO VAN DE QUAN LY Mal TRUONG vA TAl NGUYEN VUNG CUA SONG

BIEN GIOI KA LONG

19.NGHIEN CUD SUC TAl Mal TRUONG SONG BACH DANG

20 VE cAc PHUONG PHAp TIEP CAN BAa vs TAl NGUYEN Mal TRUONG 6

VUNG BIEN VII;:T NAM

2 NGHIEN CUD DAC DIEM BIEN DONG M1!C NU OC BIEN TRaNG DIEU KI ;:N

BIEN D61 KHI HAu HII;:NDAI

22 CHAT LUONG TRAM TiCH TRaNG MOT SO DAM TV BINH DINH DEN KHANH HOA

23 UNG Dl)NG KIEM DlNH DOC TO TRaNG VII;:C DANH GIA CHAT LVONG Mal

TRUONG BIEN

2 DANH GIA KHA NANG rtcn ru KEM VA THUY NGAN CUA NGHEU BEN TRE

(MERETRIX LYRATA) VUNG CUA SONG BACH DANG TRaNG PHONG THi NGHII;:M

25 NGUY CO rtcn ru POL YCHLORBIPHENYL TRaNG MOT SO SINH VAT BIEN VEN BO VII;:T NAM

DlfO'ng Thanh Nghi, Pham Thj Kha, Cao Thj Thu Trang, Le Van Nam 199

26. HIBN TRANG vA xu THE BIEN DONG CHAT LUONG NUOC HI;: THONG DAM PHA MIEN TRUNG VII;:T NAM

27 DAC DIEM PHA.N BO cAc DAc TRlfNG SONG TAl VUNG BIEN CUA LA GI (BINH THUAN) VA TAc DONG CUA CHUNG DEN QuA TRINH XOI L6-BOI ru

6

H6i nghi Khoa h9Ck Yniem 35 ndm Vien Khoa h9Cva C6ng nghi Viet Nam - Ha N6i 10 1 2010

AN APPROACH TO THE INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE

Tr§n Duc Thanh, Nguy~n Hfru efr

Vien Tai nguyen va M6i twang bien

To m t~t:

Mo hinh dinh huong quan If; t6ng ho vung ven ba biin duac xay dung tren co

sO' khoa h9C va thuc tiin cua Viet Nam va cac nutrc trong khu V7!C.Mo hinh nhizm dap ling nhu c au huang toi phat triin u « viing, phu h9P voi thuc trang va di: bao v~ tai,nguyen, moi truong va kinh t~ - xd hoi, d i hoi phai phu h p voi ludt dinh

va the che cua Viet Nam.

M u tieu co b n cu mo hinh la xay dung va vdn hanh chuo g trinh QLTHVBB n fim sir dung h9P l y, bao V? tai nguyen va mol truong, bao t6n t~r nhien va van hod, ngan ngua va phong tranli thien tai, dung ho cac mdu thudn

va dam bao loi ich cong d6ng, huang toi phat trien b~n viing trong ai~u kien hc3i nhd va hap tac quoc I i Mo hinh duac dua tren cac quan aiim va tieu chi xac dinh, g6m cac chuc nang va cac nhiem v¥ thich trng Mo hinh dii xac dinn duac chu th~ va phuong thuc, pham vi quan ~yva a6i tuang quan ly.

Theo md hinh, QLTHVBB & Vi?t Nam la quan If; nha nutrc, tdp trung va thong nh{a Hanl: dong khung, cac van a~ uu tien, chien IU(1cva k~ hoacb thirc hien la nhieng nc3idung co ban cua mo hinh Vi?c t6 chuc thuc hien QLTHVBB d ac dua tren n~n ta g co cau t6 chuc quan If;ph an cap theo ba cap co ban la trung uong, wing va ala phuong (cap tin_hva duiri t nh) Qua trinh QLTHVBB du oc thuc hien tho g qua cac chu trinh, moi chu trinh gom nam buac Xu ye n suot cac chu trinh

la cac chua g trinh hoat dong, trong ai~m hoac h tro M6i hinh ding bao g6m mot s6 gia i phap, cong c~ thu c hien va cac hoat dong g ia m sat va dan gia theo cac muc tieu va ruii dung d uoc xac dinh.

Abstract:

Towards the sustainable developpment, a integrated coastal zone management orienting model has been proposed based on Vietnam's conditions

a d lessons from regional countries in compatibil y with coastal resources potentials, coastal environment and socio-economic situations as well as current institutions and p licies.

The model is aimed at implementing an ICZM programme for the sustainable use of resources, environtment protection, cultural and natural conservation, natural hazard response, harmnisatio of beneficial conflicts of use and enhancing the qu lity of life for communit es in the context of intergration into the world eco omy Based on specified p ints of view and norms of func o s and relevent tasks, the model has indicated the managers, the way an o jects of management and the scale of management.

The model, in which ICZM in Vietnam is identified as a centralised and unified pattern of the state management, contains a frame for actions, prior issues, action plans and strategy Such an ICZM model can be implemented at central, regional

or local levels in the process of five stage cycles with programmes of both prior

a d relevent activities Implementing measures and tools, monitoring and evaluation are included in this model.

t u « ban : Kh o a h oc c6n g ngh ? Bi i n ISBN: 978-604-913-015-1

1 MO ' d§u

Quan ly tong hop (QL 1H) vung bo bien (VBB) ,la mot ,chuang trinh tao dlJn~ nham quan ly tai nguyen vung bo bien, co sir tham gia lien ket cua tat ca cac nganh kinh te bi tac

dong, cac Co'quan chinh phu va cac t6 chirc phi chinh phu, QL TH vung ba ,bi~n duoc coi la

quan ly lien nganh, da muc tieu va da loi ich, la chia khoa cua phat trien ben virng vung bo

bien Thuc t~ t6n tai mot s6 phirong thirc quan ly VBB khac, Tuy nhien, da s6 cac nha khoa hQCva cac nha quan ly thira nhan rang QL THVBB la phirong each tiep can t6t nh~t huang toi

phat trien b~n virng [7]

,Dai be bi~n Viet Nam co tai nguyen phong phu C~lOphep phat trien nhi~u l.Inh vue kinh te quan trong Day la noi t~p trung va co m~t d<) dan so cao, nhieu do thi Ian va toe d<)d thi hoa xay ra kha nhanh lam gia tang dan s6 Co' hoc, Co'sa ha t~ng phat tri~n rnanh lam tang

QL THVBB da diroc nghien ciru va trien khai thi di~m tai mot s6 d~ tai, du an [1,12, 21] Tuy

v~n con la mot v~n d~ dn nghien ciru va hoan thien Dua vao k~t qua cua d~ tai dp nha nuoc

KC.09-13/06-10 "Luan chirng khoa hoc ky thuat v~ mo hinh quan ly t6ng hop va phat trien

b n virng dai ven bo tay Vinh B~c B<)", cac tac gia nghien ciru b6 sung va phat tri~n thanh m<)t mo hinh dinh huang cho QL THVBB aViet Nam

2. CO'sO 'khoa hQCva thuc ti~n

Nam, phai xem xet va danh gia toan dien hien trang va du bao cac v~n d~ v~ tv nhien, tai nguyen, moi tnrong, kinh t~ - xa h<)i,Co'sa phap ly va xem xet nhu cfru QL TH dinh huang cho phat trien b~n virng Tuy nhien, Co'sa ly luan va thuc tiSn quan ly t6ng hop vung bo bien th~ gioi [9, 22, 23, 24] va trong rnroc [17, 21] h~t sire quan trong cho viec xac dinh mo hinh

QL THVBB la m<)t qua trinh phat trien lien tuc nham dat diroc S\Tphat trien b~ virng,

bao gorn danh gia toan dien, xay ~\Tng rnuc tieu, qu¥ hoach va quan ly h~ thong ven bo bien va tai nguyen - moi tnrong, co xet den cac yeu to truyen thong, van hoa, lich sir va mau thuan loi ich sir dung, QL TI;I quan ~am d~n bao v~ tai ngu)'en va rnoi tnrong !ron~ m6i quan h~ chat che

voi nhau, giam thieu 0 nhiern, dung hoa mau thuan loi ich va phat trien ben virng [5,6,9, 24]

Sau g~n b6n thap ky, QLTHVBB da thu diroc nhirng k~t qua nhat dinh va mot s6 nuoc

da dat duoc k~t qua t6t a quy md quoc gia, dam bao tang tnrong kinh t~ nhung v~n bao v~

Philipines la mroc da ti~n hanh nhieu cac du an QLTHVBB, trong do du an vinh Batangas thuc hien tren Co'sa nrchu - tv quan duoc coi la mot mf hinh kha thanh cong [3] Nhung rno

hinh H? Mon (Trung Quoc) moi duoc coi la thanh cong nh~t trong khu V\TC.V oi su h6 tro cua

giarn chat luong moi tnrong [4, 15]

Tuy nhien, nhieu n6 luc QL THVBB chtra thuc S\Tb~n vimg, truce h~t do thieu Y chi

chinh tri hoac do y~u v~ cam k~t cua cac d chinh quyen v~ chinh sach, luat phap va n u n l\Tcd h6 trq va duy trl ho?t d<)ng cua QL TH Thu hai, do mau thu~n gifra cac dO'nvi tham gia

t?O nen S\Tr?n nut, thi~u n6 l\Tc ph6i hQ'p lam h?n ch~ hi~u qua lien k~t cac ben co lQ'iich trong vi~c ra c c quy~t dinh va chinh sach Thu ba, do S\Tthay d6i v~ chinh quy~n ca a d

qu6c gia va dia phuO'ng, nh~t ta a cac nu&c da dang, da nguyen chinh td, khi ma cac dan

chinh tri m&i th n cu khong ch p nh?n chuang trlnh QLTHVBB da co [14] Ng ai ra, trong nhi~u truan hQ'p, S\Ttham gia cua c<)ng d6ng con mang Hnh hinh thuc va phong trao, chua

gop ph~n t?o ra d<)n l\Tccho QLTHVBB

H ( J i ng hi Kho a h9C k) i ni e m 35 n a m V i ¢ K h oa h oc v C6 n n h ¢ V i ¢ t N am - H a N (J i 10 1 20 1

Nhieu noi QL THVBB chira d oc coi la e ch quan Iy chu dao, vi kho thanh cong, kho

t~p tru g Cach quan Iy nay duoc coi la t<;10ra chinh sach rnoi tnrong dong nh~t tai t~t ca cac

vung cua mot d~t mroc, thi~u xem xet nhirng d~c thu dia phuong voi SIJ da dang, phirc t<;1Pv~

kinh t~, van hoa va xa hoi No hinh thanh nen khuon phep nang n~, han ch~ kha nang sang t<;1

va nang dong cua chinh quyen va cong d6ng dia phirong Do vay, quan Iy VBB phi t~p trung

d oc coi trong h n voi cac mo hinh "quan Iy theo nganh", "dong quan 1)'" hay "quan Iy dira

vao con d ng" Luat 22/1999 thS hien r5 y chi chinh tri cua Indonesia la phi t?P trung quan

ly YBB v tang cuon vai tro cong dong trong quan ly tai nguyen [11] Thai Lan ill lau quan

tam d~n quan Iy VBB, nhung thuong voi phuong thirc d6ng quan ly hoac quan Iy dua vao

con d ng

o Viet Nam, ti~p can QL THVBB b~t d~u ill d~ tai dp Nha mroc KHCN.06-07

"Nghien ciru xay dung phuong an quan Iy tong hop vung bo bo bien Viet Nam gop phan dam

bao an roan moi tnrong va phat trien ben vimg" do Vien Tai nguyen va Moi tnrong bien chu

tri trong 1996 - 1999 [12] MQt s6 dir an thi diSm sau do da duoc thirc hien nho h6 tro cua mQt s6 ruroc va t6 chirc Quoc t~ [21] Thanh cong nhat co Ie la du an tai Da N~ng (2000 - 2006)

narn trong khuon kh6 chuang trinh khu y\TC v~ quan Iy moi tnrong cac bien Dong A

(lMOIGEF/PEMSEA) rna giai doan hai da d oc n6i ti~p ill 2009 DlT an Viet Nam - Ha Lan

(VNICZM) giai doan 2000 - 2006 duoc thirc hien a ba diem trinh di~n Nam Dinh, Thira Thien Hu~ va Ba Ria - Viing Tau [8] Du an hop tac v~ QL THVBB H<;1Long do IUCN Viet Nam, BQ Thuy sari va UBND tnh Quang Ninh thuc hien trong khuon kh6 hop tac voi T6

chirc Khi tuong va D<;1idirong quoc gia (NOAA, Hoa Ky) qua hai giai doan 2003 - 2004 va

2006 - 2008 [13] G~n day nh~t la du an QLTH cac hoat dQng tren d~m pha Tam Giang - C~u Hai (IMOLA) do F AO tai tro nr nam 2005 va hien dang ti~p rue a pha hai Chi rieng du an

Quang Nam (2005 - 2008) la mo hinh QLTHVBB dp tinh d~u tien do cac chuyen gia trong mroc xay dung va thuc hien theo kinh nghiern tir Da Nang

Du can nhirng han che nh~t dinh, cac hoar dong nay da co nhimg dong gop quan trong

v~ ph6 bi~n kien thirc, nang cao nhan thirc va tich luy kinh nghiem QL THVBB 0rmrc dQ khac nhau, cac du an d~u chu y d~n thu thap, danh gia va xay dung Co' sa dfr lieu va pho bien thong tin, xay dung Co' sa v?t chat va nang luc quan Iy tir viec thanh I?p va hoat dQng cua van phong, cac nhorn chuyen gia va nr v~n, rno cac lap t?P huan ngan han, cu can bQ hoc tap,

tharn quan mroc n oai v.v Su tham gia cua cong d6ng da duoc quan tam, du can hinh thirc

nhi~u hon la thirc chat Cac k~ hoach hanh dQng va chuang trinh mang tinh chien luoc da duoc quan tam, mac du moi chi co bon dia phirong dp tinh la Thira Thien Hu~, Da N~ng,

Quang Nam va Nam Dinh thong qua diroc chien hroc QLTHVBB Cac du an da iru tien trien

khai mot s6 hoat dong h6 tro quan Iy: Du an IMOIGEF/PEMSEA aDa N~ng nhan manh d~

n an ngira 0 nhiern; Du an VNICZM da iru tien quan Iy thien tai (xoi la bo bien, dang cao mire bien v.v ) va bao v~ d~t ng?p mroc; Du an IUCNI NOAA chu y d~n cac khu bao t6n

biS voi sir tham gia cua cong d6ng Du an IMOLNF AO v~ quan 1y cac hoat dQng thuy san

ten d m pha v.v

Do di~u ki~n kinh t~ - xa hQi, co nhfrng khac bi~t nh~t dinh trong vi~c ap dllllg mo

hlnh QLTHVBB a cac nuac Vi~t Nam co thS ch~ thu?n 19i cho QL THVBB, ben c<;1nhnhfrn

k~t qua ti~ c?n khai d~u dang ghi nb?n, can nhiSu t6n t<;1iva kho khan phai duO'ng d~u Tir

nh~n thuc d n thvc Mnh hi~u qua la ca mQt ch?n duang, dn d n y chi chinh trj cua cac dp

chinh quySn tu trung uO'n d n dia phuang, mQt Co' sa Iy 1u?n vfrng ch~c phu hg vai diSu

ki~n thlJc ti~ va SIJn IlJc, kien tri vi SIJ phM triSn bSn vfrng cua d~t nuac

T i € ban : Khoa ho c co n ngh i Bi € ISBN : 978 -604-9 1 3- 0 5 - 1

3 Nhfrng nguyen t~c CO' ban cua mf hinh

Qu an t fi ~ m Mo hinh diroc xay dung tren 3 quan diem co ban: phai co hieu qua, mang

tinh t6ng hQ'Pva hai hoa va viec thirc hien phai dam bao loi Ich ch cong d6ng

Ti e u c h i Mo hinh co 5 tieu chi: dam bao phat trien b~ virn ; gop phan thuc dfiy phat tri~n kinh t€; dam bao bao v~ moi tnrong, bao t6n tv nhien va van hoa; dam bao an ninh quoc

phong; phu hop va gop phan di~u chinh t6 chirc lan th6, quy hoach tong th~ p at trien kinh t€

- xa hoi

ChLC C ru i n Mo hinh co 6 chirc nang co ban: chirc nang san xuat; du bao va k€ hoach

h a; di~u chinh va b6 sung; t6 chirc, t~p h p va len k€t; tuyen truyen va giao due; giam sat

va danh gia

Mu c ti e u : su dung hQ'P ly, bao v~ tai n uyen va rnoi tnrong, bao t6n tv nhien va van

hoa, ngan ngira va phong tranh thien tai d n hoa cac mau thu~n va dam bao loi ich cong d6ng, huang toi phat trien ben virng trong di~u kien hQi nhap va mo ron hop tac quoc t€

Nhiem V~lc~ ban : Xay dung Mthong thong tin va co sa du !i~u phv~ vu QL TH; Xay

dung h~ thong bQ to chirc, co sa v~t chat va nhan IlJC cho QL TH; De xuat de duoc thong q a cac chinh s~ch va qu?, ch€ nham tao hanh la~g p~ap ly; Xay dung chien luQ'c"k hoach q an

ly va Mthong ban do quy hoach quan ly; De xuat va thuc hien ca dir an trien khai Thu hut

va t~p hop SlJ tham gia cua cong dong va cac ben co loi ich; Giam sat toan bQqua trinh QLTH v~ phirong dien quan ly hanh chinh, di~u kien vung bo bien de di~u chin va dinh huang quan

ly dung huang va hieu qua; Danh gia roan dien cac hoat dong QLTH v~ hieu qua va han ch ,

nhung di~u chinh dn thiet d~ hoan chinh va nhan rong mo hinh

Chu th ~ va phuong thtrc quem ly: Chu th~ la cac co quan quan ly Nha mroc Phuong

thirc quan ly la thong nh~t va t~p trung, co su tham gia cua cong d6ng va cac ben co loi ich Quan ly bang lu~t dinh, quy ch€ va chinh sach, co SlJ v~n dong, tuyen truyen va giao due

Ph a m vi quan l y: phia luc dia gom cac huyen ven bien va phi a bien co ban tinh d€ duong d~ng sau 30m hoac 50m tuy di~u kien dia phuong Quy md quan ly vung b bien g6m

ba d co ban: C~p trung uong; dp vung (B~c BQ, B~c Trung BQ, Nam Trung BQ va Nam

BQ) va dp dia phuong Tinh hoac thanh pho true thuoc trung irong duoc coi la don v i co ban cua QL THVBB dp dia phuong Trong nhirng hoan canh va tnrong hop cu the, co th~ t6n tai

cac don vi QLTHVBB cap nho hon tinh, hoac don vi QL THVBB tieu vung, g6m mot s6 tnh

Vi du, vung bo bien B~c BQ, nr Quang Ninh d€n Ninh Binh co the g6m cac tieu v n Quang

Ninh - Hai Phong (Dong B~c) va Thai Binh - Ninh Binh (Chau th6 s~ng H6n hien dai), Cac don vi QLTHVBB nen t6 chirc theo don vi hanh chinh, tuy nhien, tro g mot s6 tnrong hQ'P,

co th~ t6 chirc theo cac don vi tv nhien nhu mot hai dao, mot viing vinh, d m pha hay mot cira

song thuoc v hai hay nhieu hon cac don vi hanh chinh [20]

D6i tuo n q a I y: tai nguyen, moi tnrong, thien tai va cac hoat dQng kinh t€ - xa hQilien

quan

4 Khung hanh dQng va nhfrng vAn d~ uu tien

4.1 Khung hanh avng

Khung hanh dong la co sa xac dinh khuon kho hoat dong cua mQt chuang trinh h a

du an QL THVBB, nham barn sat muc tieu da xac dinh, phu hQ'Pvoi di~ kien thirc t€ tai dia phuang va co tinh kha thi Vi~c xay dlJng khung hanh dQng can cu vao hoim d h tv n ien va

dlJ bao bi€n dQng; hi~n tr<,lng va dinh huang tri~n kinh t€ - xa hQi; hi~n tr<,lng va xu th di~n bi€n tai nguyen; hi~n tr<,lng va xu th€ di~n bi€n moi truerng va thien tai; ca sa pMp ly; mau thu~n lQ'i ich su dVng Dai ber bi~n Vi~t Nam co khong gian lien quan d n 28 tn va thanh ph6 trvc thuQc trung uang, co ph<,lm vi v~n d~ va d6i tUQ'ng quan 1y r~t rQng M~t kha , khung

hanh dQng QLTHVBB cho mQt qua trinh quan ly r~t dai, tuang thich vai mQt s6 chu kY Vi

H( J i nghi Khoa hoc kY niem 35nom Vifn Khoa hoc WI C6ng nghf Vift Nam - Ha N(Ji 1 12010

vay, noi du~g va cac v~n d€ trinh b~y tro~g khun~ chung kha ro g Tuy theo cac chu tinh cu

the va cac dip, don vi quan 1ycu the ma can cu the hoa cho cac hanh dong trong khung

Khung h~nh dong cho QLTHVBB 6 Viet Nam bao gom ,sau ,nh6m hoat don~ quan trong va chu ch6t dam bao cho sir thanh c6ng: 1- Tang cu n the che, chinh sach nham tao hanh 1an phap ly va c o ch~ cho cac nha quan 1y trong viec ra quyet dinh; 2- Xay dung nang

1 cQLTHVBB; 3- Xay d ng cac chuang trin hanh dong mang tinh chien hroc; 4- Xay dung

va thuc hien cac ch an trinh, du an heat don quan 1ytrong di€m; 5- Xac l~p Co'ch~ dfru nr

tai chin ben virng; 6- Xay dung Co'che tham gia cua cong d6ng, cac ben c6 loi ich sir tham

gia cua cac nha khoa hoc

4 2 N h ii n va n ilJ uu ti en cho q dn I j t a ng hf / P wing bit biin

Qua trinh QLTHVBB 6 Viet Nam se duoc thic hien tren cac quy m6 kh6ng gian khac

nhau theo cac dp dQphan vung quan ly va phan ky khac nhau my hoan canh va Co'hQitung

vung, dia phuong QL THVBB khong th€ thuc hien d6ng d€u moi nhiern v vao moi luc va

moi noi, ma dn c6 su Ut i ten theo kh6ng gi 1va thai gian

K~t ua nghien ciu cho QL THVBB B~c BQ[19] ch ba giai doan 2011-2015 ;2016

-2020 va 2021 2025 dii xac dinh duoc narn \~n d€ Ut i tien 1a:1- Quan ly va sirdung hop ly tai

nguyen thien nhien; 2- Quan ly, ngan ngira va phong chong 6 nhiern va cac su c6 rnoi tnrong;

3- Bao t6n tv nhien va da dang sin hoc; 4- Quan ly, ngan ngira, phong tranh thien tai; 5

-Giarn hi€u mau thuan loi ich Ca Uti lien diroc xac dinh cu th theo t h i gian va cac khu V\fC CI,l th€ (bang 1

Ban g 1 Ca e v an ttJ u t en t h e o gi a i doan eho QLTHVBB Bile so

TT

~

Vimg B~c BQ Ti~u vung Thanh ph6

Dong b~c H a i Ph ng

nguyen thien nhien

chong 6 nhiern va cac su c6 moi

C

tnrong

thien tai

hQc

Ghi chu: A, B, C, D, E: Thu t{Cuu t ien thdp ddn eae t h ai kY 2 011 - 2025; A, B, C, D, E: Ttu e

tlf uu li e n thdp ddn trong eae giai doan 1 (2 011 - 201 5 ); 2( 2 01 6 - 2020) va 3(2021 - 2025)

Vi tri U ti tien cua cac v~n d€ c6 sir thay d6i qua cac giai doan phan ky cua ca qua trinh tuy thuoc hoan canh nr nhien, tiem nang tai nguyen, nhirng de doa nr tac dong m6i tnrong -thien tai va k~hoach phat trien kinh t~ - xiihoi,

Ti~ lI ban : Kh o a h oc co n ngh ~ B d ISB N : 978 - 604 - 913 - 015 - 1

5 TA chirc thuc hi~n quan I y tAn hQ'Pvung biYbi~n

5.1 CO ' chi tachuc

T6 chirc bQ may heat dong QLTHVBB aViet Nam, adp trung irong dung d~u la Uy

ban DiSu phoi QLTHVBB Quoc gia voi BQ Tai n uyen va Moi tnrong (T6ng C \ lC Bi~n va Hai

dao Viet Nam) la c oquan d~u rnoi, voi S l Jtham gia cua cac bQnganh khac Duoi SlJdiSu hanh

QL THVBB theo vung: B~c BQ(nr Quan Ninh d€ Ninh Binh), B~c Trung BQ(nr Thanh Hoa

d n Thira Thien Hu€), Nam Trung BQ(nr Da Nan d n Binh Thuan) va Narn BQ(tir Ba Ria

-BQTNv MT

phdi quoc gia

- BQ NN vaPTNT

Van phong Van phong Van p ho n Van phong Van phong

chuong trinh chuang trinh chuang trinh chuangtr i nh t 6 g hop

Hinh 1: CCl c h i t6 chuc ba c ap t!~x u at cho QLTHVBB o· v i « Na m

H9i nghi Khoa h9C k. niem 35 ndm Vi~n Khoa h9C v e l Cong ngh¢ Vi~t Nam - Ha N9i 1 1 201

5.2 Chiin luu c, chu trinh va c dc butrc trong chu trinh qudn Ij tang h(J ' JJ

, Cac chien hroc dn xay dung tuO'ng irn theo cac dp QLTHVB!3 Do la chien luoc

q oc gia, chien hroc cho trng vung va chien hroc cho cac dia phirong cap tinh Se rat thuan

loi neu Ifrn luot chien hroc dp cao duoc soan thao va quyet dinh truce Tuy nhien cac dia phuon co co h(>ico thS thuc hien QL THVBB neu co co h(>i, khong may moc ch doi Sl, I

hoan thien chien hroc a cac d c o hon Hien tai aViet Nam chua co Chien hroc Quoc gia

va chiSn luoc cac vung ,Thu tuong Chinh phu co quyet dinh s6 158/2007/QD-TTg phe duyet

"Chuan trinh quan ly tong hop dai ven bien vung Bac Trung B(>va Duyen hai Trung B(> den

nar:n 20I 0 va dinh huo g d n narn 2020" Chuong trinh it nhieu ~ang tnh chien hroc voi cac phan Co' ban: quan diem chi dao; muc tieu (tong quat va cu the den nam 2010); pham vi (khong gian va thai gian); nhiern v va cac giai phap thirc hien Kern theo quyet dinh co danh muc cac du an thuc hien chuan trinh dSn nam 2010

Trong q a trinh thuc hien cac dua an thi diem, mot s6 tinh, thanh ph6 da thuc hien viec xay dung va phe duyet chiSn luoc QLTHVBB cho dia phuong minh nhu Da N~ng (200 I), Thua Thien HuS (2004), Nam Dinh (2004) va Quang Nam (2008) Cac chien hroc nay khong chi khac nhau v€ n(>i dung do cac v~n d€ duoc uu tien theo dia phuong, ma con khac nhau v€ each tiep canva dinh dang khung Chienhroc cac d£ dn co tinh phu hop va thong nhat nr cap tinh len cap vung va trung uong 0 cap nao thi moi chien hroc cling can neu boi canh ra do:i,quan diem, nguyen tac, rnuc tieu, pharn vi khong gian va,thai gian, n(>i dung, giai

phap va to chirc thirc hien QL THYBB Noi dung cua chien hroc can the hien duoc khung

tinh dn duoc xay dung trong btroc hai, phe duyet trong biroc ba cua ehu trinh d~u tien

QL THYBB cua tinh do va co th~ ehinh sua trong cac ehu trinh tiSp theo

Tinh ehu trinh la d~e trung cua qua trinh QL THVBB, co 5 buoc [16] ho~e sau buoc [14] QLTHYBB duoc thuc hien theo cac vfin d€ iru tien theo tung ehu trinh va cac buoc hoat dong quan ly, thong nhfit theo muc tieu chung cua quan ly dp vung va dp quoc gia, nhung

co d~c thu rieng theo cac dia phuong,

UBND tlnh/thanh ph6 Van phong chuang trinh

QLTHYBBvimg

f Nh6m chuyen gia

Cac s a,

nganh

Cac tAchirc

nrvan

Cac hQi,t6 chirc phi chinh phu

Cac t6chirc khoa hoc

Ca

quan/huyen