English phonetics and phonology lecture

Beware of heard, a dreadful word That looks like beard and sounds like bird.. Why & Wherefores? Diverse origins  Norman Invasion  William Caxton  Renaissence Reform  abc stays, [eI

English Phonetics and Phonology

Huỳnh Quang Minh

The University of Da Lat

Pronunciation Poem

I take it you already know

Of tough and bough and cough and dough?

Others may stumble but not you

On hiccough, thorough, slough and through.

Well done! And now you wish perhaps,

To learn of less familiar traps?

Beware of heard, a dreadful word That looks like beard and sounds like bird And dead, it's said like bed, not bead—

For goodness' sake don't call it 'deed'!

Watch out for meat and great and threat

(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt).

A moth is not a moth in mother, Nor both in bother, broth, or brother, And here is not a match for there, Nor dear and fear for bear and pear, And then there's doze and rose and lose—

Just look them up—and goose and choose,

And cork and work and card and ward And font and front and word and sword, And do and go and thwart and cart—

Come, I've hardly made a start!

A dreadful language? Man alive!

I'd learned to speak it when I was five!

And yet to write it, the more I sigh, I'll not learn how 'til the day I die.

Outline

Sounds and Spellings

see sea sce ne

Why & Wherefores?

 Diverse origins

 Norman Invasion

cween – queen theef – thief

Why & Wherefores?

 Diverse origins

 Norman Invasion

 William Caxton

ghost/ghastly

Why & Wherefores?

Why & Wherefores?

 Diverse origins

 Norman Invasion

 William Caxton

 Renaissence Reform

 abc stays, [eI bi: si:]

comes and goes

kni gh t, frei gh t, throu gh

Why & Wherefores?

 Diverse origins

 Norman Invasion

 William Caxton

 Renaissence Reform

 abc stays, [eI bi: si:]

comes and goes

 Big home of English

favor, traveling, [nA:t]

Why & Wherefores?

 Diverse origins

 Norman Invasion

 William Caxton

 Renaissence Reform

 abc stays, [eI bi: si:]

comes and goes

 Big home of English

 Adjacent sounds and

stress patterns

ity [%i:lEk"tIs@4i]

ian [%i:lEk"tISn=]

Why & Wherefores?

 Diverse origins

 Norman Invasion

 William Caxton

 Renaissence Reform

 abc stays, [eI bi: si:]

comes and goes

 Big home of English

 Adjacent sounds and

stress patterns

 Varied spoken forms

wanna, gotcha

D@ "sa~Undz @v %l{~Ngw@dZ@s

1.

Branches of Phonetics

Di: %aI pi: "eI

I~n4@`"n{Sn=l= f@%nE4Ik "O:5f@b@t

?

The Vocal Tract

Describing Sounds: Consonants

Describing Sounds: Consonants

Consonants

What consonants?

t m j S dZ

? g l

Describing Sounds: Vowels

Vowels

What vowels?

A U i V

@ O E {

Other Features

Diphthongs

haU du: aI lVv ju: lEt

mi: kaUnt D@ weIz

summarising continuous fricative consonants the university

Phonology is a very boring

subject How do I love you? Let me

count the ways.

photographer The IPA is a phonetic

alphabet The United States of

America

Hope is the thing with feathers

That perches in the souls

And sings the tunes without the words

And never stops at all

I have been one acquainted with the night

I have walked out in rain and back in rain

I have outwalked the furthest city lights

{n nEv@` stA:ps @t O:l

Hope is the thing with

feathers That perches in the souls And sings the tunes

without the words And never stops at all

I have been one

acquainted with the night

I have walked out in rain

and back in rain

I have outwalked the

furthest city lights

f@"nA: l@dZi

D@ "sa~Und %sIstm= @v "l{~Ngw@dZ

2.

Phonology Overview

Phonology Analogy

Phoneme vs Allophones

computer competitive anthropology capacity

rapid spin competition computational

Aspiration Rule

Natural Class of Sounds

Nasalisation Rule

Underlying and Surface Forms

I scream for ice-cream.

Lengthening Rule

write neat rope cap lock tap pick recruit

ride need robe cab log tab pig recrewed

Lengthening Rule

Flapping Rule

writer /"raIt@`/ rider /"ra:Id@`/

liter /"lit@`/ leader /"li:d@`/

seater /"sit@`/ seeder /"si:d@`/ rooter /"rut@`/ ruder /"ru:d@`/

Flapping Rule

writer rider

Rule Ordering

Dialect A

writer rider

Rule Ordering

Dialect B

Syllable and Syllable Structure

4 3 2

syllable syllable

ONSET RHYME

PEAK CODA

Syllable and Syllable Structure

ti:tS@r ti:

@

CODA

r

Syllable Structure

f@nEtIks f@

n

peak

E

tIks onset

THE WHITE HOUSE?

Given the following word:

 Write the phonemic transcription of the word.

 What phonological rule(s) affect the pronunciation of the

word? Why? Write down the formula(s) of the rule(s) as

specifically applied to the word Then present the final

allophonic transcription of the word.

 How many syllables are there in the word? Draw a diagram

presenting the syllable structure of the word.

Practice