Bin dng ca dm pha tam giang cu hai

Cac gia tri va chirc nang nay giin lien v6'i trang thai phat tri~n cua hai lach cira chinh Thuan An va Ttr Hien ton tai nhieu nam thong n6i dam pha voi'bien.. Tu lieu diroc sli' dung chu

• ,

•

Trong sO'nay:

• Hoa cau vuon trau • Bien dQng cua dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai va

h~u qua moi truong, sinh thai Co che tai I~p cva H6a Duan trong tran 10

dau thang 11.1999.Oi san va canh quan Hue: cu li~u tai nguyen cho quy

hoach phat tri~n do th] Hue Cau ki~n go trong di tlch kien true Hue

Giao due trieu Nguyen, cai gia cua Nho hoc • Ghi chu ve mai quan h~

giO'ati~u thuyet va sv thir Trung Quac NhO'ngsai lam ve danh nhan van

h6a £)~ng HuyTrv SL!phat tri~n cua Dao giao tnroc khi Huynh Dlnh kinh

xuat hi~n• Truyen Ba tien Thien Y A Na• Va nhieu bai khao cuu khac

So 2(28).2000

KHOA HQC vA CONG NGH~ THUA THIEN HUE

S6 2 ( 28 )

2000

. , ,

KHOA HOC & DOl SONG

- vO QUANG YEN Hoa cau, viron trau

-LE vAN MIEN Buoc dau ng ien CUucau true quan dan cacloai thuy san tr bien vao pha qua cia Thuan An

-NGUYEN KHOA LAN, TR~NH DONG THU MQtso dac diern da dang sinh hoc cua cay an qua &thanh phc Hue

DlEN DAN KHOA HQC

19

3

12

- NGUYEN THANH, NGUYEN VAN SAU, TRAN HaU TUYEN Danh gia so'b hoat do g dia d n hrc chu yeu cua bien doi voi sir

an din b 'bien khu v e Thuan An-Tu Hien

- TRAN DUC THANH, NGUY~N CHU HOI, NGUYEN HaU CU Bien do g cira dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai va hau qua moi truong, sinh thai

Danh gia so'bo co che tai lap cira Hoa Duan trong tran hi dau -: -, than 11.1999-tr~n hi the ky &Thira Thien Hue

BAD TON & PHAT TRIEN

- NGUYEN LUA-N Di san va c nh q an Hue: Ci lieu tai ngu en

ch quy hoach phat trien dothi Hue

- HoANG DAO KiNH Mot vai dong g6p cho viec bao ton di san van h6a vat th§ co do Hue trong giai doan hien nay

- DoAN CONG DIEN Vai net coban v§ cau kien g8 trong di tich

vAN HOA - L!CH sO'

25

31

47

53 58 61

-LE NGUYEN LUU Giao due trieu Ng yen, cai gia cua Nho hoc

- DUONG NGQC DUNG Ghi chii v§moi quan h~ gitta ti§u thuyet

va si thu Trung Qudc

- PHANVAN HoANG Buoc dau tim hidu bao "L'Ere Nouvelle va -~,., , . "Nhut 'I'an bao" (1926-1929)

OAT NlmC-NHAN V~T

67

77

83

-NGUYEN vAN DANG Hai van Son trong sir sach trieu Nguyen

-TRAN DtNH SON Nhirng sai lam v§ danh nhan van h6a Dan Huy Trir (1825-18 4)

-THIJtNMQC LAN N8i truan chuyen cua mot nha van: Tu BU'u _ Dinh den T~ Dinh

87 97

104

TlJ LI~U

- ROLF HOMANN ( L e A nh M i nh dich) S~ phat trien cua Dao giao108 truce khi "Huynh Dinh kinh" xuat hien

-LYVIJtTDUNG Truyen Batien Thien Y ANa 115

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I M& dAu

H~ dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai (TG-CH) co tam quan trong dac biet doi voi su phat trien kinh te dan sinh khu vue 'I'hira Thien Hue nho cac gia tri tai nguyen, ma n6i bat la sinh hoc va cac chirc nang v~ sinh thai, moi trirong cua no Cac gia tri va chirc nang nay giin lien v6'i trang thai phat tri~n cua hai lach cira chinh Thuan An va Ttr Hien ton tai nhieu nam thong n6i dam pha voi'bien Tuy nhien, cira lach thirong khong 6n dinh v~ Vi tri va trang thai don mo ', gay ra nhung hau qua tieu cue v~ sinh thai, moi trirong va kern thee nhung thiet hai IOn v~ kinh te, dan sinh Co th~ coi viec lap cira, chuyen cira dam pha la cac dang tai bien nang n~ 6'ven bo mien Trung ma khu virc Thira Thien Hue la di~n hinh

Bai viet nay danh gia hau qua moi trirong va sinh thai cua viec lap cira, chuyen mo' cira cua he darn pha Tam Giang Tu lieu diroc sli' dung chu yeu h i ·

cac d~ tai cap nha mroc KT.03.11 "Nghien ciru sli'dung hop ly cac he sinh thai tieu bieu ven bien Viet Nam", KT.DL.95.09 "Nghien ciru khai thac, sli' dung hop

ly tiem nang pha Tam Giang" va "Danh gia tiem nang va d~ xuat hra chon khu bao ve dat ngap mroc h~ diim pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai" do Phan vien Hai dtrong h9C tai Hai Phong phoi hop voi S6'Khoa h9C,Cong nghe va Moi trirong Thira Thien Hue thirc hien trong cac nam 1991-1999

II Qua trinh hinh th a nh , ph a t tri~n dfun pha va s ,! ra dOi cua cac cira

1 D ie u k i jn hin h t h an l

Cac dam pha diroc hinh thanh 6'khu bo' cat co nang hrong song manh Qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cac darn pha da diroc nhieu nha khoa h9C n6i tieng the gioi nghien ciru nhir: Zenkovich (1962), Phleger (1967, 1981), Emery (1967),Nichols (1981) _

1 1 Vai tro ciia kien true oa chuyen d9ng kien tao hien dai

Pha Tam Giang nam 6'ria dong bang Hue, phat trien tren nen kien tao hien dai nang yeu va chuyen tiep voi cac d6i sut ha tren them luc dia So voi cac khoi nang manh tay Hue va Bach Ma, no tr6'thanh vung sut ha tirong doi 'I'ren nen nang yeu nay xuat hien cac bon trung cue bo (Cau Hai, cira song Hirong) co

• Ph an vien Hai dironq hoc tai Hai PhOng

Tap chi Thong t i n Kh oa ho c va C o ng ngh $

SaKhoa hoc , Cong ngh$ va Moi trlrong Tlura Thien Hue

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H~ dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai (TG-CH) co tam quan trong dac biet doi voi S,! phat trien kinh te dan sinh khu virc Thira Thien Hue nho cac gia tri tai nguyen, ma n6i bat la sinh h9C va cac chirc nang ve sinh thai, moi trirong cua no Cac gia trt va chirc nang nay gAn lien voi trang thai phat trien cua hai lach cira chinh Thuan An va Tir Hien ton tai nhieu nam thong noi dam pha voibien Tuy

nhien, cira lach thirong khong 6n dinh ve vi tri va trang thai dong mo, gay ra nhimg hau qua tieu C,!Cve sinh thai, moi trirong va kern thee nhimg thiet hai IOn

ve kinh te, dan sinh Co th~ coi viec lap cira, chuyen cira dam pha la cac dang tai

bien nang ne &ven be mien Trung ma khu virc Thira Thien Hue la di~n hinh Bai viet nay danh gia hau qua moi trirong va sinh thai cua viec lap ctra, chuyen mo' cira cua he darn pha Tam Giang Tu lieu diroc sir dung chu yeu hi

cac de tai cap nha ~U6'e KT.03.11 "Nghien ciru su dung hop ly cac he sinh thai

tieu bieu ven bien Viet Nam", KT.DL.95.09 "Nghien ciru khai thac, su dung hop

ly tiem nang pha Tam Giang" va "Danh gia tiem nang va de xuat lira chon khu bao v~ dat ngap mroc he dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai" do Phan vien Hai dirong h9C tai Hai Phong phoi hop voi SO'Khoa h9C, Cong nghe va Moi trirong Thira Thien Hue thirc hien trong cac nam 1991-1999

ll Qua trinh hinh thanh, phat tri~n dfunpha va s,! ra dOicua cac cira

1.Dieu. kifn hinh tluinh

Cac dam pha duoc hinh thanh &khu bo cat co nang hrong song manh Qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cac darn pha da diroc nhieu nha khoa h9C n6i tieng the gioi nghien ciru nhu: Zenkovich (1962), Phleger (1967, 1981), Emery (1967), Nichols (1981)

1.1 Vai tro ctia ki e n true ua c h.uyen d (J ng k ie n ta o hi e n da i

Pha Tam Giang nam & ria dong bang Hue, phat trien tren nen kien tao hien dai nang yeu va chuyen tiep voi cac dOi sut ha tren them luc dia, So voi cac khoi nang manh tay Hue va Bach Ma, no tro'thanh vung sut ha tirong doi Tren nen nang yeu nay xuat hien cac bon trung C1;lCb¢ (Cau Hai, cira song Huon ) co

• Phan vien Hai duonq hoc tai Hai PhOng

T '.I p c hi Th o g t i n K h oa h9Cva Co n g ngh$

S O ' Khoa h9C , Cong ngh$ v a M oi trvong Thira Thie n Hue

vai tro thu mroc tu cac song va cac vom nang cue b9 (Thuy Thanh, An Hoa, Phu

Vang) co kha nang lam dich chuyen suy tan cac nhanh song do VaGdam pha

H~ dtrt gay quoc 19 1 phirong tay hac-dong nam co y nghra ph an dinh hirong

chinh cua dam pha, Cac he dut gay phirong gan a vi tuyen Pho Trach, Hirong

Long, Rao Trang co vai tro phan dinh va phan di dam pha theo chieu d9C.Cuci

cung, chinh s,! nang yeu cua dong bang Hue trong dieu kien dang cham dan cua

m ire mro c chan tmh VaGm r a sau bien tien Flandrian da tao nen s i r binh o

tu on g doi hoac nang rat cham cua mire bien khu vue, tao tien de hinh thanh can

c t chan va dam pha

1.2 Vai t ro ye u t o d i a h i nh k tliua

Dam pha va he can dun chan khong th~ hinh thanh & vung bien ven be

sau va doc Chinh be mat dong bang aluvi co Pleitoxen thoai va rong &ven bo

Hue la tien de quan trong d~ hinh thanh cac dam pha co va pha Tam Giang

dang ton tai V6'i dieu kierinhu vay, hau nhir khong con kha nang xuat hien

dam pha moi phia ngoai dam pha hien nay Ngoai ra, dirong nhir la dam Thuy

Tu phat trien ke thir a tren nen long song co (Pleitoxen) con dam Cau Hai thi

phat trien tren nenmot vinh bien nho bi de cat khep kin

1 3 N g o n b 6i t ic h c at tao thanh h ~ con dun c hi i ri ngot ii

D~co dam pha, phai co can dun chan ngoai tao nen tu boi tich cat Khong

k~den.c c can cat do S9 phia bac cira song 6 Lau va dong bang cat rong 16'nphia

tay pha, dien tich cac can dun chan ngoai kha rong: 190km2• Neu tinh trung binh

be day cat 20m, ta co khoi hrong cat khong 10 la 3,8ty m" Trong khi d6, tong hru

hrong cat &cac con song do VaGdam pha chi 120 nghin tan/nam, tirong duong 80

nghin m" C6 nghia la, neu cat trr vung nui tay Hue do song mang ra ven bien d~

tao nen can cat nay thi phai can c6 47.500 n a m , Trong khi d6, theo ket qua

nghien ciru (Tran Dire Th~nh-1985, Nguyen Hiru CU-1995), tudi cac can cat

nguon goc bien - gio nay moi chi 3.000 nam (Holoxen muon) va cac giai doan bien

tien Holoxen hinh thanh nen dong bang Hue chi 11 nghin nam

Nguon cat khdng 10nay dirocZenkovich (1964, 1967) giai thich la co nguon

g c song Hong co bci dap nen dong bang day vinh Bac B9 VaG Pleitoxen, khi

rmrc mroc thap hon hien nay tren diroi 100m Trong qua trinh bien tien, song da

di chuyen ngang boi tich cat VaGven bo Binh-Tri-Thien

1 4 Va i tro c i a b ie n ti e r i Flandrian d i v 6i h i nh thanli phi i Tam Giang

Phleger (1981) cho rang, hau het dam pha tren the gioi diroc hinh thanh

trong vong 6.000-8.000 nam qua Bidn tien Flandrian bat dau tir 17.000-18.000

nam t rir oc tu d9 sau 100-120m tren them luc dia Theo Shepard (1963), trong

q a trinh bien tien, mire mroc dang cao dan den mi r e hien nay, den 11.000 nam

truce , toe d9 dang 9mm/nam va den 6.000 nam triroc , chi con 4mm/nam va sau

4.001

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mo rong nhat ve phia luc dia, toc d¢ dang mire mroc cham him lai va co S\Jboi tu

tch C\JCd~ tao nen dong bang Hue, trong do co cac can cat co, dam pha co da tan &Quang Dien, Phu Yang, nay con sot lai di tich va vo so cac tram, bau mroc ngot M\Jc mroc chan tlnh dang cham, lai bi triet tieu tren dOOnang yeu, dia hinh yen be co nong, thoai, lai giau nguon boi tich do di chuyen ngang tir day da

tao dieu kien thuan 19'ihinh thanh roi lap day nhanh chong cac dam pha co Sang den Holoxen muon, dirong bo lui do boi tu den vi trt dam pha hien nay va

vOOcac dieu kien thuan 19'icon duy tri (day nong thoai, mire bien dang cham

chap, giau boi tich cat) da hinh thanh nen he can cat va pha Tam Giang Ve qui

mo, pha Tam Giang 16'n hon nhieu cac dam pha co, co le cung ton tai lau dai

h n do khong co kha nang thanh tao pha moo phia ngoai bien do day sau, doc

2 Qua [rinh ph at trien.

Qua trmh ph at tri~n, tien hoa cua pha Tam Giang co th~ diroc chi a thanh

3 giai doan:

2.1 Giai d o ar i kh&i c1du

Ban dau, dam pha diroc hinh thanh nho noi cao mot day dao cat chan

n oai vung mroc nong hep phia trong Qua trinh bdi tu nho dong boi tich cat doc

b sau do da nci lien dan cac dao cat, chi d~ lai hai cira chinh & Thai DUO'Ilg Thirong va Vinh Hai (sat phia bac ntii Vlnh Phong) S\J hinh thanh pha bat dau

ban qua trinh boi tu noi cao cua he thong can cat Linh Thai-Phu Thuan vOOtu

each la motdao cat chan (Sand Barrier Island) dan dan noi cao, mo' rong va keo

dai ve phia tay b c, Trong khi do, dong bci tich cat doc be rat manh ph at trien

keo dai can dun sat bien tir cira Viet xuong Thai DUO'Ilg'I'huong NhO' do, pha ban dau moi hinh thanh rong, sau hon hien nay va co hai cira deu rong, mot cira

phia nam - coIe &Vinh Hai sat phia bac mii Linh Thai, mot cira phia bac - co le

& giap phia Thai DUO'IlgThirong va Thai DUO'IleH~ da diroc Krempt A.(1931)

nhac den Cira nay sau bi can cat vun cao tren 20m chay dai, lap thang Giai

dean khoi dau ket thuc khi 2 dai con cat keo dai gap nhau hmh thanh nen Dai 'I'ruong Sa chay doc ttr cira Viet xuong Linh Thai Ca hai cira Thai DUO'Ilgva Vinh Hai bi lap, dong thai mo ra cira 'I'ir Hien

2.2 G i ai doan tre

Pha chi co mot cira duy nhat & phia nam la cira Tir Hien, Vao doi Tran, quan Nguyen danh Chiem Thanh van phai qua cira nay, hai cira co Thuan An

va bac Linh Thai bi lap

- Pha 1: Tir Hien la cira chinh va Phu Cam la song 16'ndo ra dam Cau Hai Vao pha 1, song HUO'Ilgchi a lam hai nhanh ttr thanh Hue, nhanh chinh theo kenh Phii Cam, Dai Giang (von la long mot pha tan) do van tay bac Cau Hai

Tap ch i Thong tin Kho a ho c va Co ng ngh~ , s o2 ( 28 ) 2000

Nhanh phu, co le d6 van khu dam Sam-An Truyen V\Jc mroc dam Cau Hai co Ie

con Ian sau van cira Dai Giang den nga basong Nong Tir Hien la cira duy nhat

cua pha, sau, rong

chinh d6 van dam pha Vao pha 2, qua qua trinh phat trien, cira song Hirong hie

do la Dai Giang bi bdi tu manh gay tiic nghen thoat mroc Hoat dong cua vom

nang hien dai Thuy Thanh lam song Huang doan Phu Cam ngay nay bi tan di

Song Huang tho at dong chinh ra bien theo huang dong-hac va covi tri gan nhu

ngay nay do vom nang Phu Vang dAy lech no ve phia bac va nhan hop hru song

B6, d6 ve bon sut ha cira song Huang hien nay va b6i tu manh chau th6 trong

dam pha

dam Thuy Tu dan den mo'cira Thuan An Do khong co 16i thoat true tiep ra vi

tri cira Thuan An bay gio, to an bo dong chay song Huang theo dam Thuy Tu co

vai tro nhir kenh dan d6 mroc van dam Cau Hai Vao mila 111, dong hi song

Huang tran bo Thuy Tii tao nen cac bai dao dinh huang dong chay, xam thirc

hai bo cat va tao nen cac bai boi ngap lu hai ben bo, lam thu hep dang k~ long

dan Thuy Tu Mat khac, do dieu kien dac biet thuan loi, dong trieu xu6ng va

dong hi thoat da: tao nen cac delta trieu xu6ng duoi dang ac bai chim, dao ndi

chan dau cira phia nam Thuy Tu Chinh cac bai dao nay can tro' nghiem trong

thoat lu song Huang va dam pha, dong lu song Huang cong pha con cat d6i dien

d~tao l6i thoat moo ngan nhat Vi the cira Thuan An da mo van nam 1404 cham

.dirt giai doan tre cua pha

Thirc ra day 18.giai doan suy tan cua pha, giin lien voi viec mo' cira moo

Thuan An va sir phan di V\JCmroc thanh 3 phan: Tam Giang (tay-bac), Thuy Tu

(& giira) va Cau Hai (dong-nam), khac nhau ve hinh dang, hoan hru mroc, qua

trinh tram tich va dac diem sinh thai V\JCmroc

Tir dau the ky 15 den nay, cira Thuan An tro' thanh cira chinh va l6i thoat

mroc chu yeu cua song Huang; Tu Hien thanh cira phu va bi lap, mo'vOOnhip

dieu mau dan Trong giai doan nay co nhirng S\J kien quan trong nhir song Phu

Cam gan nhir tan han phai khoi dao, song B6 nhap hc1nvan song Huang, song 0

Thuan An dich vi tri 3 Ian tren cung bo dai 7km vOOchu ky 100-200 nam, vung

To Da & cira Dai Giang bi boi lap tan han Pha da bi nong va hep dang k~, iroc

tinh boi nong 2,4mmlnam, bei nong gan 1,5m trong giai doan nay, tire la d('>sau

trung binh cua pha trong khoang gan 600 nam qua bi giam di mot mra Rieng

dam Cau Hai bi b6i nong 1-1,4mmlnam, tirong img 0,6-0,8m k~ tir khi Tir Hien

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la cira phu agiai doan trirong thanh, tac dong nhan sinh da anh hirong sau sac

thirong ngudn, tan pha rung

mra the ky 15 va mra dau the ky 20 nhung dap deu bi va Nhieu Ian khoi thong

cira Tu Hien khi ctra hi lap deu khong thanh congo III Bien dc?ng cua cac ctra

K~ tukhi cira Thuan An radoi, cira Tir Hien tr6' thanh cira phu va ca hai

chuyen d6i vi tri cira, dich cira, mo' cira, lap cira, thu hep mat cat uct hoac bien

dang luong cira nhieu Ian trong Itch su.·

lieu c6 nhir 6 c lu u i c an lu c cua Duong Van An (tir the k XVI), DCJ - i V i~t s i: k j toa r i th u : (tir the k XVII), Phi i bi e n tC J.- P luc cua Le Quy Don (ttr the k XVIII) va

cac ng ien ciru cua Krempt A (1931), Son Hong Dire (1974), 'I'ran Dire Thanh

(198 ) va nhimg dieu tra trong nhan dan gan day

1 Ctia Tu ttu«

cira duy nhat goi la cira Tir Dung (nay la cira Tu Hien), Chi tir nam 1404, cira Thuan An mo, he dam pha moo co hai cira Tren thirc te, cira Tir Hien gem 2 cira,

cira chinh do do g hi mo'thong true tiep ra bien 6'Vinh Hien (thon Phil An), va

cira phu 6'Loc Thuy (sat mui Chari May Tay) Hai cira ngan each nhau qua mot

phan tich dien bien Itch su va dc}cdi~m hinh thai dong lire thi cira Vinh Hien

dong boi tich doc bo tao nen mot doi cat phat trien day Ian cira v~ phia nam den

dan thi dong III mo' lai cira chinh Vinh Hien Trang thai cira Tir Hien luon 6'mot

trong bon trirong hop: cira chinh mo, cira phu dong; ca hai cira d~u dong kin; cira

chinh dong, cira phu mo; va ca hai cira d~u mo Truong hop 1va 2 hoan toan do dong lire tu nhien tao ra Da nhieu Ian cira chinh bi dong, nhan dan t6 chirc dao

dao cira phu sau khi viec khai dao cira chinh that bai, Tren thirc te, chira Ian

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nao cira phu t\! mo' nhir cira chinh Truong hop 4 it xay ra va ton tai trong thoi

gian ngan vi ngay sau khi dong hi mo lai cira chinh, cira phu se bi boi lap

Ngay sau khi cira Thuan An mo, cira Tir Hien bat dau co xu the bi boi lap

Vi v~y, nam Quang Thuan thir 8 (1467), Tham nghi chau Hoa la Dang Chiem

la sir ton tai cua cira Ttr Hien da bi de doa ngay tir thoi do va sir de doa nay da

dong cira Tir Hien diroc tom tiit lai nhir sau:

do

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Moi Ian bien dong cira d~u gay kh6 khan cho doi song cong dong dan cir

trong khu V\!C.Khi cira bi lap, ngoai viec lam ach tac giao thong va nghe khai

trong dam Cau Hai do bi ngot h6a Sau gan 5 nam ke tir ngay bi lap

Hue Cling voi thoi khoang mo' 4 nam vao 1990-1994, thoi khoang lap Ian nay chi

5 nam, chtrng minh rang nhip dieu lap mo cira mau hon nhieu so voi trtroc day

2 Ctia Th utin. An

hon Ngoai che dQ dQng hrc bien san bang bo, su' bien dong cua cira con lien

giira chu hru va chi hru c6 tac dung cua vom nang Phii Yang Do v~y, cira Thuan

An da tirng ton tai nhieu vi tri cung nhir ten goi khac nhau trong Itch suo

- Nam 1404, me cira Thuan An va tro thanh cira chinh cua he dam pha c6

ten la cira Nhuyen

- Nam 1467, do s6' dang cua Tham nghi chau Hoa la Dang Chiem diroc

chap nhan, chinh quyen phong kien sai truyen dan binh lap tro' lai

cua Thuc

An c den:

tri tl

Tinh 15m chuy

bOi 1:

dam

T'ilp chi Thong tin Khoa ho c /a Co ng ngh$, s62(28) 2000

r p.

~b6i lap

L U~nAn)

c6 nghla

a nay del

811 bien

dan cir

ekhai

sinh vat

2.1994-aongay

94m tai

nay chi

day

tIC tap

'n lien

g quan

Thu~n

pha co

diroc

- Cho too doi Canh Thong (1498-1504), cira mo tro'lai

Rat co th~ hie moo mo Ian dau nam 1404 cira con nho nen con ngiroi thoi

do moo co th~ lap lai d~ han khau cho too doi Canh Thong Nhung Ian bien dong

ve sau manh hon, con nguoi khong du kha nang che ngu va del tim each su dung n6 trong the chien hroc kinh te-quan str thoi phong kien,

- Trong khoang thoi gian chimg 200 nam k~ tir nam Giap Ty (1504), cira c6

- Trong khoang thoi gian chimg 200 nam tiep theo cho too nam 1897, cira c6 vi tri tai lang Hoa Duan,

- K~ tu nam 1897 too nay, cira c6 vi tri nhir hien nay - cira Thuan An (Hd Tan Phan va Ho Th~ Thu Trang, 1991)

Trong thirc te Itch su, ten cira "Thuan An" chinh thirc d<}ttir thoi Gia Long thir 12 (nam Quy Dau, 1813) va diroc su dung trong thir tich Nam 1897 la moc

danh dau sir suy tan cua cira Hoa Duan va khai thong cira Thuan An c6 vi tri nhir ngay nay Cho too nam 1904 thi cira Hoa Duan moo bi lap him trong mot tran bao ngay 11 thang 6

Den nam 1931, mot dap da 16'n dai 2.000m, cao trmh dinh dap +2m duQ'c xay dung ngang qua cira Thuan An vOOmuc dich ngan man tu bien qua cira VaG dam pha va song ngoi vung dong bang Nhirng do d6, den mua lu, viec thoat lu rat kh6 khan, toan b9 vung dong bang bi ngap chim lau trong lu Ngiroi ta phai

ha bot cao trinh dinh dap tu +2m xuong O,OOmtren chieu dai 100m roi sau do

mo rong 200m &giira dap Den thoi giac Phap chiem Hue, cao trinh dinh dap lai tiep tuc diroc ha xuong d~ tau thuyen qua lai Tran lut 16'nnam 1953.del pha va hoan toan dap da va xoay tao ra mot true sau den 21m 'I'tr d6, cira lach tiep tuc

xu hirong di chuyen len phia bac

Cira Thuan An thirong xuyen thay d6i vt tri theo chu ky dai va dong' thai cua n6 chiu sir chi phoi cua trang thai cira Tir Hien Khi cira Tir Hien me, cira Thuan An duong nhir thu hep va chay cham Khi cira Tu Hien dong, cira Thuan

An chay manh hon, bi bien dang, nong clan va di chuyen vi tri gay anh huang den sa boi luong VaGcang Tan My

Cira Thuan An chtra Ian nao bi lap nhirng thuong dich chuyen d9t nget vi tri theo chu ky dai, Nam 1897 cira mo dot ngot & vi tri than Thai DUO'IlgH~ Tinh tu vi tri dap chan cu (1931) den nay true cira di chuyen len phi a bac Ifim/nam, con bo lach bi boi Ian dich chuyen ve phia bac c6 cho 40rn/nam S~ di chuyen vi tri cira Thuan An tao nen sir khong 6n dinh cua doan bo dai 7km do boi lap, va anh huang den su 6n dinh cua khu dan cu tai day

Trong bai viet: "Tac dong moi trirong cua viec lap cira, chuyen cira & he dam pha Tam Giang-Cau Hai" (Tran Dire Thanh, 1997) c6 viet:

Tap chi Thong tin Khoa ho c v aCong ngh$, so2(28).2000