Tài liệu Mastering Revit Architecture 2008_ Part 1 doc

Acquisitions Editor: Willem Knibbe Development Editor: Jim Compton Production Editor: Eric Charbonneau Copy Editors: Tiffany Taylor, Judy Flynn Production Manager: Tim Tate Vice Presiden

Mastering ™

Revit ®

Architecture 2008

Tatjana Dzambazova Greg Demchak

Eddy Krygiel

44831.book Page iii Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

Acquisitions Editor: Willem Knibbe Development Editor: Jim Compton Production Editor: Eric Charbonneau Copy Editors: Tiffany Taylor, Judy Flynn Production Manager: Tim Tate Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher: Joseph B Wikert Vice President and Publisher: Neil Edde

Book Designer: Maureen Forys, Judy Fung Compositor: Craig W Johnson, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreader: Ian Golder

Indexer: Ted Laux Anniversary Logo Design: Richard Pacifico Cover Designer: Ryan Sneed

Cover Image: © Pete Gardner / Digital Vision / Getty Images Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-0-4701-4483-1

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Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Krygiel, Eddy, Mastering Revit architecture 2008 / Eddy Krygiel, Tatjana Dzambazova, Greg Demchak.

p cm.

ISBN 978-0-470-14483-1 (pbk.)

1 Architectural drawing Computer-aided design 2 Architectural design Data processing I Dzambazova, Tatjana II Demchak, Greg III Title

NA2728.K793 2008 720.28'40285536 dc22 TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc and/or its affil-iates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission Revit is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Wiley Publishing, Inc is not associated with any product or vendor

men-44831.book Page iv Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

Dear Reader, Thank you for choosing Mastering Revit Architecture 2008 This book is part of a family of premium quality Sybex books, all written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching

Sybex was founded in 1976 More than thirty years later, we’re still committed to producing con-sistently exceptional books With each of our titles we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available

I hope you see all that reflected in these pages I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at nedde@wiley.com, or if you think you’ve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex

Best regards,

Neil Edde Vice President and Publisher Sybex, an Imprint of Wiley 44831.book Page v Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

To my dad Aleksander and my brother Igor who I miss

so much To all the authors who are brave enough to write books that live much longer than themselves And

to a part of my life that went into writing this book

—Tatjana

To all my students over the years; you make this worth the effort

—Greg

To all my critters

—Eddy 44831.book Page vi Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

Hats off to the innovators who conceptualized, designed, and made Revit happen You have changed the world! Huge thanks to all the faithful followers! Without you, Revit wouldn’t be what

it is today

Personal thanks to the Grand Master Philippe Drouant, without whose expertise, generous help, and amazing illustrations we wouldn’t have been able to make this book Many thanks to Guillermo Melantoni and Erik Egbertson, whose participation was crucial to getting this book out the door To all our friends who have contributed to this book, the inspirational leaders Mario Guttman and Ken Sanders for their contributions and to the development of Revit, we wish to extend our sincerest gratitude

And finally, huge thanks are due to our excellent support team at Sybex: Jim Compton, for his great editorial insight and patience; Craig W Johnson at Happenstance Type-O-Rama, copy editors Tiffany Taylor and Judy Flynn, and proofreader Ian Golder for making us look good in print; Eric Charbonneau for managing the schedule; and our friend Willem Knibbe for his constant support and positive attitude in the face of our deadlines Janet Chang and Pete Gaughan also helped out behind the scenes

44831.book Page vii Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

About the Authors

Tatjana Dzambazovawas the product manager for Revit Archi-tecture in Autodesk for the last two years and has recently moved into a new position where she explores emerging technologies, immersive experiences, and the impact of the Web 2.0 on our lifestyles Before joining Autodesk in 2000, she practiced architec-ture for 12 years in Vienna and London At Autodesk, she has focused on evangelizing technology and established herself as

an internationally renowned speaker who has fostered relation-ships with architects and industry leaders around the globe Powered with seemingly unlimited resources of energy, Tanja manages to make three days out of one, and when she is not working (is that ever?) or coauthoring technology books, she is advocating wildlife conservation and sustainability, reading books like a maniac, and getting inspired at the theater If you’re lucky enough to be in the Bay Area, you might catch a glimpse of Tanja cruising the streets on her Ducati Monster

Greg Demchakis a designer, technology advocate, urban explorer, and post-apocalyptic webisode producer He holds architectural degrees from the University of Oregon and Massachusetts Institute of Technology He is a product designer for Revit Architecture and has been working with Revit since the year 2000 (Release 2.0, if anyone’s counting) He has been teach-ing Revit and BIM technology at the Boston Architectural College since 2003 He currently lives in Massachusetts

Eddy Krygiel is a registered architect, a LEED Accredited Profes-sional, and an Autodesk Authorized Author at BNIM Architects

He has been using Revit since version 5.1 to complete projects ranging from single-family residences to office buildings as large

as 1.12 million square feet Eddy is responsible for implementing BIM at his firm and consults for other architecture and contract-ing firms lookcontract-ing to implement BIM For the last three years, he has been teaching Revit to practicing architects and architectural students in the Kansas City area and has lectured around the nation on the use of BIM in the construction industry Eddy also coauthored a paper on sustainability and BIM that was presented

at the 2006 AIA Technology in Architectural Practice conference 44831.book Page viii Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

Contents at a Glance

Introduction xxi

Chapter 1 • Understanding BIM: From the Basics to Advanced Realities 1

Chapter 2 • Revit Fundamentals 13

Chapter 3 • Know Your Editing Tools 61

Chapter 4 • Setting up your templates and Office Standards 81

Chapter 5 • Customizing System Families and Project Settings in Your Template 127

Chapter 6 • Modeling Principles in Revit 153

Chapter 7 • Concept Massing Studies 201

Chapter 8 • From Conceptual Mass to a Real Building 229

Chapter 9 • Working with Design Options 259

Chapter 10 • Creating Custom 3D Content 279

Chapter 11 • Extended Modeling Techniques 309

Chapter 12 • Presenting Your Design 395

Chapter 13 • Fine-Tuning Your Preliminary Design 427

Chapter 14 • Evaluating Your Preliminary Design: Sustainability 451

Chapter 15 • Annotating Your Model 471

Chapter 16 • Developing the Design with Smart Workflows 515

Chapter 17 • Moving from Design to Detailed Documentation 541

Chapter 18 • Advanced Detailing Techniques 581

Chapter 19 • Tracking Changes in Your Model 601

Chapter 20 • Worksharing 617 44831.book Page ix Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

x CONTENTS AT A GLANCE

Chapter 21 • Troubleshooting and Optimizing Tips 635 Appendix A • The Bottom Line 647

Index 667

44831.book Page x Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

Introduction xxi

Chapter 1 • Understanding BIM: From the Basics to Advanced Realities 1

The Advantages of Building Information Modeling 1

A Brief History of Design and Documentation 1

Building Information Modeling 2

What to Expect from BIM 4

Be Creative 4

Every Element in Revit Has Properties 6

Elements Interact with Other Elements—All the Time 6

Duplicating a View Takes Two Clicks 6

Problem-Solve Your Designs 7

You Create a Full Range of Documents with BIM, Not Just a 3D Model 7

Embrace the Family Editor 8

Forget About Layers and X-References 9

BIM Is More Than a Technology: It’s a Change in Process 9

Revit Is Relatively New Technology 10

Where Can You Go From Here? 10

The Bottom Line 12

Chapter 2 • Revit Fundamentals 13

Working with Revit Parametric Elements 13

Model Categories 15

Annotation Categories 17

Subcategories 17

Imported Categories/Subcategories 18

Views 18

Type and Instance Parameters 19

Bidirectional Relationships 19

Constraints 22

Revit Families 23

Overriding the Representation of Elements 29

The Revit User Interface 30

The View Window 30

The Design Bar 32

The Options Bar 33

The Project Browser 33

Using the Project Browser 34

Views 34

Working with Views and View Properties 39 44831ftoc.fm Page xi Friday, October 12, 2007 8:09 AM

xii CONTENTS

Chapter 3 • Know Your Editing Tools 61

Selecting, Changing, and Replacing Elements 61

Selection 61

Copy/Paste 63

Place Similar 64

Editing Elements Interactively 64

Moving Elements 64

Copy 67

Rotating and Mirroring Elements 67

Arraying Elements 70

Resizing Elements 71

Aligning Elements 72

Trimming and Extending Lines and Walls 73

Splitting Lines and Walls 74

Offsetting Lines and Walls 74

Keeping Elements from Moving 75

Other Useful Tools 76

Join Geometry 76

Split Face and Paint 76

Keyboard Shortcuts (Accelerators) 78

The Bottom Line 79

Chapter 4 • Setting up your templates and Office Standards 81

Starting a Project with a Custom Template 81

Strategies for Making Templates 83

Settings for Graphic Consistency 84

Object Styles 84

Line Styles 85

Line Patterns 87

Materials 88

Fill Patterns (Hatch) 90

Dimension Styles 96

Text 100

Creating Custom Annotation Tags 101

View Tags 102

Customizing Element Tags 116

Keynotes and Text Notes 119

Creating Custom Title Blocks 121

Creating a Custom Title Block with the Family Editor 122

The Bottom Line 125

Chapter 5 • Customizing System Families and Project Settings in Your Template 127

Wall Types 127

Creating Custom Wall Types 128

Floor and Roof Types 133 44831ftoc.fm Page xii Friday, October 12, 2007 8:09 AM

CONTENTS xiii

Door and Window Types 135

Stair Types 135

Properties of Stairs 135

Types and Type Catalogs 139

Creating Types in the Project Environment 140

Creating Types in the Family Editor 140

Creating Types with Type Catalogs 140

Loading from a Type Catalog 142

Graphic Overrides of Host Objects with Complex Structure 143

Additional Global Project Settings 145

Room and Area Settings 145

Units 146

Keynote Settings 147

Setting Up Default Elements 147

The Bottom Line 151

Chapter 6 • Modeling Principles in Revit 153

Modeling with Revit 153

Sketch-Based Design 154

Working with Work Planes 162

Principles of Modeling in Revit 170

Principles of Modeling Techniques 172

Solids and Voids 196

Where Can You Go From Here? 197

The Bottom Line 198

Chapter 7 • Concept Massing Studies 201

Massing Studies 201

Massing Study Workflows 203

Massing Tools 206

Starting a Conceptual Massing Study 208

Putting Theory into Practice: Making a Parametric Mass Family 215

Tagging and Scheduling Mass 223

Importing 3D Conceptual Models Created in Other Applications 224

Rapid Prototyping and 3D Printing 225

The Bottom Line 227

Chapter 8 • From Conceptual Mass to a Real Building 229

Conceptual Design and Early Studies 229

Getting Site Data and Building the Context 230

Building the 3D Context 233

Program Check and Feasibility 235

Building Maker 238

Massing Best Practices 244

Using Imported Geometry from Other Applications for Massing 251

Using Smart Relationship between Building Mass and the Underlying Mass 255 44831ftoc.fm Page xiii Friday, October 12, 2007 8:09 AM