Tài liệu Bulding skill for the toefl ibt transcripts part 8 pdf

they exercised longer because talked with friends • weight trainers say focus on taking your time when exercising Step 3 Lecture • Light exercise more effective • People walking slowly s

Skill A

Practice 1

Step 1

Research has shown that just 30 minutes of exercise a

day is enough to keep most people healthy This does

not necessarily mean 30 minutes of hard exercise at

the gym It could be 10 minutes of brisk walking during

a lunch break or any other short break during your day

that you can think of You simply need enough of

these short breaks to add up to 30 minutes over your

day Whatever the activity is, it is vital that it make you

breathe vigorously and produce sweat You have to

get your heart working significantly harder than when

you are resting

Step 2

• light exercise can lead to physical changes in the

body

- study of women who walked

- slow walkers lost more weight

why? they exercised longer because talked with

friends

• weight trainers say focus on taking your time when

exercising

Step 3

Lecture

• Light exercise more effective

• People walking slowly saw better results than those

who exercised intensely

Reading

• Need vigorous exercise

• A person needs to increase their heart rate

significantly

Step 4

The speaker says that even light exercise can lead to

physical changes in the body (1) This contradicts the

statement in the reading that people have to breathe

hard and sweat when they exercise (2) As an example,

the speaker describes a study of women who walk In

the study, women who walked slowly lost more

weight than women who walked fast for exercise (3)

This indicates that the length of time exercising is important, not how hard the exercise is (4) In other words, it is better to exercise slowly for a longer period

of time than to exercise quickly just to sweat more

Practice 2

Step 1

Genetically modified (GM) food has many advantages

In agriculture, for example, GM crops can better resist various insects, diseases, and weeds without so much use of chemicals This allows safer use of the land and the chance to feed more people because farms can produce more than before Furthermore, GM crops grow bigger, always look perfect, and have high nutritional value Other advantages include easier shipping and longer shelf life in stores All these advantages are so important that most industries agree GM foods are now necessary

Step 2

• environmentalists believe GM foods cause problems

in farming

- make farming too technological

- better way to make crops resistant is bio-natural farming

• higher quantities and better quality of crops not necessary

- make more for rich, less for poor

Step 3

Lecture

• GM foods cause unnecessary problems in farming

• Farming too technological with GM farming

• GM farming will only provide more food for already rich countries

Reading

• Many advantages to GM foods

• Resists insects and diseases better

• Can help feed more people

• Has higher nutritional value

Step 4

The lecture tells us that environmental groups do not

think GM foods are needed (1) On the other hand,

the written passage lists advantages to using GM foods

For example, it says that GM plants resist well against

insects, diseases, and weeds In contrast, the lecture

claims that bio-natural farming can do the same thing (2)

and in ways that are better for the environment The

reading also says GM foods look better and that more

can be grown Environmental groups, though, argue

that more foods are not needed in rich countries and,

(3) moreover, that natural foods look good enough

and taste better (4) In short, the lecture shows that

GM foods have no real advantages and that more natural

foods should be grown instead

Practice 3

Step 1

Space exploration is a necessary investment for our future

Our planet will soon run out of resources Populations

are growing rapidly This will soon become a major

problem If we look seriously at this problem, we can

see it is foolish not to consider the possibilities that

space can offer Natural resources, like minerals, can

be found elsewhere on other planets, moons, or even

asteroids Other planets can be colonized, too The real

danger is that if we fail to invest in these possibilities

now, then we will pay a high cost in the future

Step 2

• Government should deal with problems on Earth

before thinking about space

- population problem ➝ better way to deal with

issues in agriculture, clean-water management,

and birth control

- resource problem ➝ spend money better way to

develop Earth’s resources or on programs to increase

recycling and reusing, and decrease consumption

Step 3

Lecture

• Space exploration not necessary

• Global problems should be tackled first

Reading

• Space exploration necessary

• Natural resources available on other planets If we don’t explore other planets we may run out of resources

Step 4

The lecture presents arguments opposed to space travel The reading, (1) in contrast, presents reasons why space exploration is urgently needed and even necessary to ensure our future survival In the lecture, it is clearly stated that opponents doubt these claims They contend, (2) in brief, that our problems do not make space travel necessary and insist that governments should focus on better managing our problems here instead The reading explains that we can colonize other planets and find resources on asteroids, (3) but opponents say we could find ways to develop resources here or even recycle more They seem to believe that the Earth has enough resources to sustain us, as long as we use them wisely (4) In summary, opponents of space exploration argue that we should solve our problems in the here and now and not in space

Practice 4

Step 1

The fall of Rome was due to a decline in morals and values The discipline of Romans did not continue near the end of the Empire and the armies were difficult to control Both citizens and soldiers lost their traditional beliefs In Rome, for example, there lived approximately 32,000 prostitutes Roman cities were also dangerous due to a high rate of violent crime Roman leaders showed moral decay too; emperors like Nero and Caligula were well known for holding parties at which everyone drank and ate so much they became sick

Step 2

• Main reasons for fall of Roman Empire

- terrible living conditions

- most Romans were poor

- lived in small crowded apartments

- too much military spending

Step 3

Lecture

• Claims poor living conditions and military spending

caused the fall of the empire

• Romans had no money and so became angry and

refused to defend the empire

Reading

• Moral decay caused the fall of the empire

• The army became undisciplined

• The cities became violent with high crime rates

Step 4

The lecturer says moral decay did not cause the fall of

Rome This contradicts the text, which states moral

decay was the main reason (1) For example, the text

says 32,000 prostitutes lived in Rome However, the

lecture explains many Romans could not even pay rent

The text (2) also suggests soldiers lost their values, but

the lecture makes it clear that no improvements to living

conditions in cities made Romans refuse to fight (3) In

addition, the lecture explains how hiring foreign

soldiers made armies expensive to maintain, resulting

in higher taxes and even more problems in cities In

short, the lecture shows that problems in cities and

more spending on armies were bigger crises than moral

decay (4) Therefore, we can conclude that moral decay

did not actually lead to the fall of Rome

Skill B

Practice 1

Step 2

Transitions: For example, and, In this, I think

Transitions: Therefore, One place, On the other

hand, In the past, and

Transitions: In fact, so, In conclusion, However

Introduction: C, A, D, B

Body: B, D, E, C, A

Conclusion: B, D, A, C

Practice 2

Step 2

Transitions: In this way, though Transitions: First of all, Finally, Secondly,

For example, and Transitions: For the above reasons, and, however, so

Introduction: E, B, D, A, C Body: E, A, C, F, B, D Conclusion: A, C, B, D

Practice 3

Step 3

Transitions: However, because, Of course Transitions: Furthermore, while, What's more,

whereas, and, also, though Transitions: In my opinion, however, In addition,

and, As well as

Introduction: E, C, A, D, B Body: D, C, F, E, A, B Conclusion: E, D, B, C, A

Vocabulary Review

Review 1

1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (B)

4 (A) 5 (D) 6 (A)

7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (A)

10 (D) 11 (D) 12 (A)

13 (B) 14 (B) 15 (C)

16 (C) 17 (A) 18 (B)

19 (D) 20 (B) 21 (A)

22 (C) 23 (B) 24 (A)

25 (C) 26 (C) 27 (B)

28 (C) 29 (D) 30 (D)

31 environmental 32 intelligence

33 performed 34 consistently

35 damaged 36 responded

37 feelings 38 measured

39 encouraged 40 possibilities

41 resistant 42 relieve

43 restful 44 pace

45 nearby

46 (O) 47 (O) 48 (S)

49 (S) 50 (S)

Review 2

1 (A) 2 (B) 3 (B)

4 (D) 5 (C) 6 (A)

7 (B) 8 (A) 9 (D)

10 (B) 11 (D) 12 (C)

13 (B) 14 (A) 15 (C)

16 (C) 17 (A) 18 (D)

19 (A) 20 (C) 21 (C)

22 (A) 23 (D) 24 (B)

25 (D) 26 (C) 27 (C)

28 (A) 29 (D) 30 (B)

31 economy 32 crowded

33 rent 34 improve

35 refused 36 response

37 hiring 38 foolish

39 government 40 troops

41 guidance 42 hire

43 regular 44 operation

45 genetically

46 (C) 47 (E) 48 (A)

49 (B) 50 (D)

Focus A

Exercise 1

1 John has lived in Spain for over six months He moved

here shortly after finishing university John speaks

Spanish very well, having studied it for many years

He likes Spanish culture, and he loves the food also

His plan is to live in Spain for a few years in order

to improve his Spanish, then he plans to return to

England to teach in a university John will/is going

to move back to England in May because he misses

his family Because his girlfriend is Spanish, he believes

that one day he might return to Spain and start a

family there

2 Stephen and Sarah got married in May of last year

They have been married just over a year They have

been looking for a house for over nine months

now Yesterday, they finally found a house that they

really liked They have decided to move in next

month, after all of the furniture has been bought

They both work in the same hospital Stephen is a

doctor and Sarah is a doctor, too Both of them work

very hard, and have little time for organizing their new

house As a result, they hired a decorator to buy all the

furniture and decorate the house In a few weeks,

they hope everything will have been/will be organized

and they are looking/look forward to living in their

new home

Exercise 2

1 When I traveled around Europe, it was one of the

best times of my life I had just finished university and I

decided/had decided I wanted to see some more of

the world It was amazing to see so many different

cultures in such a small area While I was traveling

through Germany, I met some people who, like me,

were from America We had a great time, so we

decided to travel together for the rest of the holiday

It was so much fun We made a promise that sometime

in the future we would return and do it again,

together

2 Dublin City is home to the world’s tallest sculpture The Dublin Spire is over 120 meters in height and was completed in January 2003 When the structure was first being built in 2002, there were delays because of bad weather However, when the strong winds had passed, the spire was eventually able to

be finished, and Dublin’s tallest structure was finally completed

Focus B

Exercise 1

1 (B) 2 (B) 3 (A)

4 (B) 5 (B) 6 (A)

7 (B) 8 (B) 9 (B)

10 (A)

Exercise 2

1 One of the best ways to reduce stress is to take up

a hobby At home, sometimes work-related issues can remain in a person’s mind To prevent this, thinking about something different or doing something active can help your mind to focus on something else Some people have a collection of certain objects or items Other people prefer physical exercise or sports This can improve your circulation, which is also good for your health Either way, it is important to have an activity or hobby to help reduce the stress

in your life

2 Some people enjoy bringing some action and adventure into their lives Many people enjoy sports like baseball and soccer, but some also enjoy high-risk activities such as sky diving and paragliding Of course, with sports like these it is important that you are educated properly about them The risks involved are far greater than in regular sports But with higher risk, there comes greater excitement The pleasure is far greater than with normal, everyday sports Of course, you have to pay more with these activities, but they are usually worth the extra cost If you want your life to have more entertainment, then these fun pastimes are a great idea

Focus C

Exercise 1

IC 1 A lot of information are on the Internet

C 2 We decided to leave the restaurant, as the

menu was not impressive

IC 3 All of this food are healthy for you

IC 4 A number of students has failed the exam

C 5 The nurses waited over an hour for the doctor,

who never arrived

IC 6 The Philippines have a population of over

eighty-six million people

IC 7 After the day in the park, they was all very

relaxed

IC 8 Brian and I am deciding where to go on vacation

IC 9 Each nation have donated food and supplies

to help with the problem

IC 10 Watching certain television programs are a

good way to educate children

C 11 Some of the builders are going to return to

work tomorrow

IC 12 One thousand dollars are a lot of money to

earn each week

C 13 Each evening, the couple take a walk along

the beach

IC 14 The children was curious about many of the

animals in the zoo

C 15 The janitor had finished cleaning by the time

we arrived

IC 16 He have the answer to the question

Exercise 2

1 look 2 has 3 appears

4 have 5 need 6 is

7 rescue 8 prays 9 have

10 catch 11 escape 12 disagree

13 is 14 arrives 15 worry

16 think

Focus D

Exercise 1

One of the two sentences below is a fragment Underline the fragment and change it into a complete sentence

1 I really like steak Chicken, too

➠ I really like steak I like chicken, too.

2 Simon jogged to the park And stayed there for

an hour

➠ Simon jogged to the park, and he stayed there

for an hour

3 It is usually warm in summer Sometimes stormy

as well

➠ It is usually warm in summer Sometimes, it is

stormy as well

4 I saw Ann last week While walking to class

➠ I saw Ann last week while I was walking to class.

5 The question easy I didn’t know the answer

➠ The question was easy but I didn’t know the

answer

6 Nancy works quite hard But doesn’t work as hard as Cindy

➠ Nancy works quite hard, but she doesn’t work

as hard as Cindy

7 Tara has a young daughter Her name Jessica

➠ Tara has a young daughter Her name is Jessica.

8 Now that I in Spain I really want to go back to America

➠ Now that I am in Spain, I really want to go back

to America

9 You can’t enter the competition It too late

➠ You can’t enter the competition It is too late.

10 After the marathon, they were all thirsty Hungry, too

➠ After the marathon, they were all thirsty They

were hungry, too.

11 Saw the soccer match on television I wasn’t impressed

➠ I saw the soccer match on television I wasn’t

impressed

12 The meal in the restaurant excellent It was a pity

the service wasn’t

➠ The meal in the restaurant was excellent It was

a pity the service wasn’t

13 He sometimes quiet and moody He is often

depressed, too

➠ He is sometimes quiet and moody He is often

depressed, too

14 Walking to the subway station time consuming

I usually take the bus

➠ Walking to the subway station is time consuming.

I usually take the bus

15 John works so hard Often doesn’t sleep until

three in the morning

➠ John works so hard Often, he doesn’t sleep

until three in the morning

16 So much suffering in the world There is also so

much unhappiness

➠ There is so much suffering in the world There is

also so much unhappiness

Exercise 2

CS 1 When the rain stopped, the sun finally came out

F 2 Switzerland is a beautiful country So too, Ireland

F 3 Many countries in South America have excellent

soccer teams Such as Brazil

RO 4 The tour was not very successful we didn’t

enjoy it

CS 5 When the opera was over, the audience stood

and clapped in approval

CS 6 Though I waited over an hour for my friend,

she never arrived

F 7 I asked my friend to help me with my resumé

Didn’t help me

RO 8 The builder did a bad job on my house I didn’t

pay him

CS 9 When we went to London, we took a lot of

photographs

CS 10 After the movie ended, everybody left

F 11 Was very unhappy with the results I decided

to study harder

F 12 The town had never looked so clean Worked

so hard to tidy it

CS 13 When the crowds started arriving, the theater

director started to relax

F 14 Of all the days of the vacation, Saturday the

best

RO 15 Patrick had worked hard for years he deserved

a raise

CS 16 The horse that won the race was not necessarily

the best

Focus E

Exercise 1

IC 1 We asked the government develop the school

facilities

IC 2 My grandfather liked study new things

C 3 The woman also suggested applying for the

loan

C 4 We decided to do some extra work over the

weekend

IC 5 As it was Saturday, we didn’t want work hard

IC 6 I saw him to selling tickets for the raffle

C 7 One theory is the universe exploded billions of

years ago

C 8 He decided working there was a bad idea

C 9 His final solution was to sell the house

C 10 They agreed that hiring a detective might solve

the problem

IC 11 It is impossible to finding an answer for that

question

IC 12 They didn’t want spend more time there than

was necessary

C 13 To review the project again was suggested by

the director of sales

IC 14 I knew that finishing the job would be more

difficult than to starting it

IC 15 The easiest solution was that replace the broken

part with a new one

C 16 They realized that waiting another day would

put them behind schedule

Exercise 2

1 Dave and Casey agreed to share the prize

money

➠ (that) Dave and Casey agreed that they would

share the prize money

2 They decided that they would sell the house

➠ (to) They decided to sell the house

3 He expected that she would not flunk the

course

➠ (to) He expected her not to flunk the course

4 Andrea realized to paint the wall would take too

long

➠ (that) Andrea realized that painting the wall

would take too long

5 Everyone expected that the company would

change ownership

➠ (to) Everyone expected the company to change

ownership

6 In order to meet the deadline, they had to work

on Saturday

➠ (that) In order that they meet the deadline, they

had to work on Saturday

7 Kim asked that the manager give her an extra

day to finish the project

➠ (to) Kim asked the manager to give her an extra

day to finish the project

8 They knew it was unacceptable completing the

project three weeks late

➠ (that) They knew it was unacceptable that they

complete the project three weeks late

9 We agreed to spend a week in Greece

➠ (that) We agreed that we would spend a week in

Greece

10 In order that the repairs for the computer be

done properly, you should call Tim

➠ (to) In order to properly repair the computer, you

should call Tim

Focus F

Exercise 1

1 The heavy storm kept us from going out, so we sat watching TV all day

2 It was raining heavily, but I had no umbrella

3 We can go to the theater or go to the beach

4 He enjoys neither the theater nor the opera

5 These days, I take cooking lessons, and I also started a yoga class

6 I was very hungry; however, I had no money to buy food

7 We began our vacation in Paris Then, we traveled around the rest of Europe

8 He won the cooking competition; therefore, he is the best chef

9 He is a fantastic lecturer; however, he often arrives late for class

10 We lost that particular game, but we won the whole competition

11 They won an expensive meal for two, so they are going to a restaurant this weekend

12 I encourage my students to read first; then, they can practice speaking

13 They are big soccer fans; however, they have never been to a game

14 I spend a lot of time studying French, but I don’t seem to be improving

15 I have the most experience with cameras; therefore,

I should take the photographs

16 They had two choices They could quit, or they could work twice as hard

Exercise 2

1 Some cities are a lot more expensive to live in than

others For example, a cup of coffee in Dublin,

Ireland can cost you around three euros However,

the same cup of coffee in Buenos Aires might set

you back only seventy cents Quite a difference!

These days, the most expensive cities to live in are

Tokyo, London, and Moscow Paris is also very

expensive A two-bedroom apartment there can

cost around 2000 euros per month, but it may cost

only 600 euros in Buenos Aires Additionally, a music

CD in Buenos Aires sells for around seven euros,

whereas the same CD may sell for up to 20 euros

in Dublin and London We can see, therefore, as

much as we complain about prices, that some cities

have it worse than we do

2 Skydiving is a very exciting sport Imagine climbing into an airplane with a bag on your back, flying into the sky, and then jumping out of the airplane Although it sounds dangerous, each year, thousands

of people pay money to do this What is it that makes people want to do this? Is it the excitement

or the fear and danger? Some people, for example, enjoy the “rush” from roller coasters On the other hand, others may want to test how brave they are; therefore, they put on a parachute and jump out of

a plane Either way, there must be something special that makes people want to jump

Businesses

1 (A) 2 (C) 3 (A)

4 (D) 5 (C) 6 (B)

7 (B) 8 (D) 9 (C)

10 (D) 11 (A)

12 Proprietorship - (C); Partnership - (E);

Corporation - (B), (F)

Crystals

13 (C) 14 (D) 15 (A)

16 (A) 17 (B) 18 (C)

19 (C) 20 (B) 21 (D)

22 (A) 23 (C)

24 (B), (C), (E)

Listening

Campus Life

1 (C) 2 (C) 3 (C)

4 (C) 5 1 (A), 2 (D), 3 (C), 4 (B)

6 (D)

Art

7 (A) 8 (B) 9 (D)

10 Bayeux - (C), (D); Bradford - (A), (B)

11 (B) 12 (D)

Health

13 (D) 14 (B) 15 (A), (B)

16 (C) 17 1 (D), 2 (B), 3 (C), 4 (A)

18 (C)

Biology

19 (C) 20 (B) 21 (C)

22 Norway rat - (B), (D); House mouse - (A), (C)

23 (A) 24 (D)

Practice Test

Speaking

Question 1

The best vacation I ever had was a trip to Hawaii The first reason I enjoyed this trip was the beautiful weather Every day it was sunny and clear, so I could do many outdoor activities Another reason I enjoyed my trip was all the beautiful scenery Hawaii has many lovely parks and beaches Finally, I really liked Hawaiian food I enjoy eating seafood Because Hawaii is an island, there is a wide variety of seafood available

Question 2

Sample response 1:

In my opinion, allowing men to choose to serve in the military is the better policy First of all, I believe in freedom of choice By forcing someone to serve, the government takes away that freedom In addition, when a man serves in the army, he loses time that he can never get back With this time, he could be studying

or working or preparing for his future Second, I believe forcing only men to serve is discrimination It is not fair to men They should be treated equally with women

Sample response 2:

In my opinion, forcing men to serve in the military is the better policy First of all, it is very important for a country to have a strong military If men weren’t forced to serve, the army would be too small to protect the