Tài liệu Bulding skill for the toefl ibt transcripts part 7 ppt

Q5 --- practice 2 Step 1 Suggested answers: Problem: He has no time to read the books for class.. Solution 1: read summaries and key passages in books --- Possible benefit --- faster, sa

Step 3

Sample response:

Parisians were opposed to building the Eiffel Tower for

several reasons They thought the tower would destroy

Paris’s beautiful landscape They considered the design to

be like an ugly skeleton They also thought the tower

would be useless In the lecture, we see that all those

reason are no longer valid First, the tower has come to

represent, rather than destroy, the landscape of Paris

Second, the skeletal design once considered ugly is now

the world’s nicest example of 19th century industrial

architecture Finally, instead of being useless, the tower

has been very useful for broadcasting

Skill C

Q5 - practice 1

Step 1

Suggested answers:

Problem: She falls asleep in class

Solution 1: borrow notes from another student

- Possible benefit - know the

information from lectures - Possible benefit - make a friend in

class Solution 2: sit in the front row of the class

- Possible benefit - worry about the

professor seeing her sleep, so she will stay awake

- Possible benefit - write everything in

order to stay awake, so have good notes from class

Step 2

Suggested answers:

1 She falls asleep in class

2 She should sit in the front row of the class

3 She will try harder to stay awake and take more

notes

Step 3

Sample response:

In this listening passage, the woman describes a problem

she’s having in her class The man offers suggestions to

solve the problem The problem the woman has is that she is bored and falls asleep in class One thing that the man suggests is for the woman to sit in the front of the class and try to take lots of notes I think this is a good suggestion This will solve the woman’s problem because she will worry about the professor seeing her sleep and she will keep active by writing a lot

Q5 - practice 2

Step 1

Suggested answers:

Problem: He has no time to read the books for

class

Solution 1: read summaries and key passages in

books - Possible benefit - faster, save time - Possible benefit - will get ideas from summaries that he might not get by reading the books himself

Solution 2: join the woman’s study group

- Possible benefit - hear other people discuss the books

- Possible benefit - hear ideas of how lectures relate to information in books

Step 2

Suggested answers:

1 He has no time to read the books for class

2 He should join the woman’s study group

3 In a short time, he can hear and discuss key points

He can also remember them more easily

Step 3

Sample response:

The man in the conversation tells the woman he has a problem in philosophy class His problem is that he has

no time to read any of the books being assigned One thing the woman suggests is joining her study group that meets for an hour or two every week to discuss the readings This is a good idea It will solve the man’s problem because in short amounts of time he will hear and discuss key points in the readings with others and remember them more easily

698

Q6 - practice 1

Step 1

Suggested answers:

Main topic of lecture: telescopes

Where invented: Italy

Who made first telescope: Galileo

Why important: learned about things in

space Other key info: saw Jupiter’s moons, saw

sunspots, learned planets orbit sun

Step 3

Sample response:

In this lecture, the professor talks about telescopes The

first telescope was made about 1608 by the Italian scientist

Galileo He soon made a more powerful telescope, which

he used to study the stars It helped him discover many

important things, such as four of Jupiter’s moons, sun

spots, and the fact that planets move around the sun

Since then, telescopes have become more and more

powerful Today, a huge telescope, called the Hubble

telescope, is in space orbiting the Earth It helps us learn

about the furthest parts of the universe

Q6 - practice 2

Step 1

Suggested answers:

Main topic of lecture: Berlin Wall

When: after WWII; 1950s and 1960s

Why: keep people in West Berlin

Other key info: torn down in late 1980s in

one weekend

Step 3

Sample response:

In this lecture, the professor describes the Berlin Wall It

was built during the Cold War in the 1960s The main

point the professor makes about the Berlin Wall is that it

was built to keep people in West Berlin It stood in the city

for many years, but people finally tore it down at the end

of the 1980s The professor points out that the Berlin Wall

was destroyed in one weekend

Vocabulary Review Review 1

31 jacked up 32 afford 33 SUVs

34 transportation 35 convenient 36 selected

37 beneficial 38 fees 39 optional

40 regrettable 41 familiar 42 endure

43 afford 44 require 45 impressive

49 (S) 50 (S)

Review 2

31 craftsmen 32 lenses 33 magnified

34 invented 35 appeared 36 conclude

37 axis 38 argued 39 controversy

40 control 41 critical 42 ancient

43 decade 44 oppose 45 philosophy

49 (C) 50 (D)

Focus A

Step 2 Commonly mispronounced sounds:

/th/, /d/, /s/

Step 3 Commonly mispronounced sounds:

/l/ and /r/ sounds

1 The pretty flowers are growing

2 We pray, not play, on Sundays

3 He lent a car

4 I like rivers

5 Look at that big berry

Step 4 Long and short vowel sounds

Focus B

Step 1 Stress related to parts of words

1 a bi.ol.ogy b bio.lo.gical

2 a en.vi.ronment b environ.men.tal

3 a ad.van.tage b advan.ta.geous

4 a be.nefit b bene.fi.cial

5 a re.spon.sible b responsi.bi.lity

6 a in.vite b invi.ta.tion

7 a flex.ible b flexi.bi.lity

8 a ad.mire b admir.a.tion

9 a pre.fer b pre.ferable

10 a ne.go.tiate b negoti.a.tion

Step 2 Stress related to content words Sentences

1 I ate the last of the pie.

2 He feels better than yesterday.

3 Sam is reading about the history of Canada.

4 The professor gave us a deadline.

5 They waited over two hours to see him.

6 Homework is necessary in school.

Focus C

1 1 Although we hadn’t finished / we decided to

go home

2 When she stepped off the boat / she immediately ran to her car

3 It was raining so hard all day / that they didn’t leave the house

4 If the alarm rings / put down your books / and slowly leave the building

5 The final test will be two hours long / and will count for 25 percent

6 When I went to the store / it was closed

2 1 Due to illness, / Professor Brown will be

absent / all of next week

2 Beginning next term, / the student fees will increase by 20%

3 If a person smokes, / it can lead to lung and heart problems / in later life

4 Much study and hard work / can lead to a good education / and a bright future

5 If I won some money, / I would prefer to buy

a sports car / rather than an SUV

6 To top it off, / when we finally left for home /

my brother’s car wouldn’t start

7 The government’s attempt to raise taxes / resulted in a loss of popularity

8 When the wedding was over, / the happy couple walked slowly from the church

700

Skill A

Practice 1

Step 1

Issue: BANNING head scarves in class

Pro: Some POLITICIANS in parliament, Most

UNIVERSITIES

- proposed law

- existing RULES at universities

Con: Muslim women, Some PROFESSORS

- women UNCOMFORTABLE without head

scarves

Step 2

Problem with head scarves: IMAGE

- image of head scarves - old-fashioned,

UNCIVILIZED

- modern image - look like a WESTERN person

Another example of OUTLAWED fashion: the fez

- TRADITIONAL hat for men

- banned in EARLY 20thcentury

Step 3

Reading:

- Main idea: The article describes the issue of banning

head scarves in class in Turkey

- Supporting idea: Some politicians in parliament and

most universities support banning head scarves

- Supporting idea: Muslim women and some professors

don’t support banning head scarves

Lecture:

- Main idea: The problem with head scarves is that it

gives Turkey a bad image

- Supporting idea: The image of head scarves gives an

old-fashioned, uncivilized image

- Supporting idea: In the past, Turkey banned another

fashion that seemed old-fashioned, the fez

Step 4

According to the reading, some people in TURKEY

WANT to ban head scarves IN CLASS SOME politicians

and MOST universities are in favor of RULES or laws

BANNING head scarves in class However, Muslim women

and some professors are AGAINST such rules and laws

Those who are against HEAD SCARVES argue that they give Turkey a bad IMAGE Women wearing head scarves give Turkey an OLD-FASHIONED or UNCIVILIZED image This issue is similar to one in the past when the GOVERNMENT in TURKEY outlawed MEN from wearing the FEZ in public

Practice 2

Step 1

Issue: Who DISCOVERED the Americas?

Vikings: - had VILLAGE in Newfoundland

- arrived five HUNDRED years before Columbus

Columbus: - HISTORIANS say his voyage in 1492 was

more important

- opened the door for European SETTLEMENT

Step 2

Question: Did Columbus learn about North America in

ICELAND?

Pro: - he wrote in his DIARY about visiting a land

similar to Iceland in 1477

- he might have learned about North America from the VIKINGS in Iceland

Con: - details about Iceland in his diary were WRONG

- no other EVIDENCE that Columbus went to Iceland

Step 3 Reading:

- Main idea: Who discovered the Americas?

- Supporting idea: The Vikings had the first village in North America

- Supporting idea: Columbus’s voyage in 1492 was more important because it led to European settlement of North America

Lecture:

- Main idea: Did Columbus learn about North America

in Iceland?

- Supporting idea: In his diary, Columbus describes a

1477 voyage to a place like Iceland

- Supporting idea: Many of the diary details were wrong, and it is the only evidence that Columbus visited Iceland

Writing Chapter 1

Step 4

Did Christopher COLUMBUS really DISCOVER the New

World? We know that the VIKINGS reached NORTH

AMERICA 500 years before Columbus arrived in 1492

Some HISTORIANS believe that Columbus visited ICELAND

before he went to America They think he learned about

North America from the people there However, there is

not enough EVIDENCE to prove that this happened Even

though the VIKINGS got there first, many HISTORIANS say

that Columbus’s VOYAGE to North America was more

important The Vikings had only one VILLAGE in

Newfoundland Columbus opened the door to European

SETTLEMENT

Practice 3

Step 1

Issue: The PROS and CONS of the Internet

Pro: Can: - RESEARCH information

- COMMUNICATE with people all over the

world

- SHOP from home

Con: Children can access INAPPROPRIATE information

Someone could steal PERSONAL INFORMATION

Can be bad for your EYES and BACK

Step 2

CONVENIENCE of Net comes at a PRICE

- physical problems and SOCIAL problems

Main problem of Net - ISOLATES people from SOCIETY

- don’t have FACE-TO-FACE contact

- forget EMOTIONS of others online

Step 3

Reading:

- Main idea: There are both pros and cons to the Internet

- Supporting idea: Good points are that people can

research, communicate, and shop online

- Supporting idea: Bad points are that children can get

inappropriate information, someone could steal personal

information, and using a computer too much is bad

for health

Lecture:

- Main idea: Although the Internet is an amazing invention,

it has some bad effects

- Supporting idea: Internet users can become isolated

- Supporting idea: People forget the emotions of people they communicate with online

Step 4

The INTERNET is an amazing INVENTION, but you should

be careful how you use it You can do lots of things on the Internet, such as RESEARCHING information, watching movies, CHATTING/COMMUNICATING with people all over the world, and SHOPPING However, as the reading points out, you may find bad things online, too There are some websites that CHILDREN should not see Also, dishonest people may use the Internet to steal money or even steal your personal INFORMATION The reading also says that using the internet too often can cause HEALTH problems On top of all this, the professor says in her lecture that the Internet also causes SOCIAL problems She says people may become ISOLATED from society They may also forget about other people’s EMOTIONS online because they don’t see those people FACE-TO-FACE

Practice 4

Step 1

Issue: Is Pluto a PLANET?

- some SCIENTISTS are changing their minds Pro: - shaped like a SPHERE

- has a MOON

- has a thin ATMOSPHERE

- been called a planet since 1930

Step 2

Problem with Pluto’s CLASSIFICATION Evidence that it is “not a PLANET”

- SIMILAR to objects from KUIPER BELT

- is tiny

- fits definition of COMET

- has a TILTED orbit

Step 3 Reading:

- Main idea: Is Pluto a planet?

- Supporting idea: Yes, because Pluto had enough gravity

to form a sphere like a planet, and it has its own moon

- Supporting idea: Pluto has a thin atmosphere

- Main idea: Scientists want to change the classification

of Pluto

- Supporting idea: Pluto doesn’t seem like a planet

because it is similar to other objects in the Kuiper

Belt, and it looks like a comet

- Supporting idea: Pluto has a tilted orbit, which is

different than other planets

Step 4

Some scientists are thinking about changing the

CLASSIFICATION of Pluto Should it be called a PLANET?

On one hand, the reading passage says Pluto has several

characteristics SIMILAR to a planet It orbits a star, has

enough GRAVITY to form a SPHERE, has an ATMOSPHERE,

and has a MOON On the other hand, the lecture explains

that Pluto looks more like a COMET than a planet Pluto is

similar in size to other objects in the KUIPER BELT It also

has a TILTED orbit, which is different than all of the other

planets Although Pluto has been called a planet since

its DISCOVERY in 1930, maybe it is time to change Pluto’s

CLASSIFICATION

Skill B

Practice 1

Step 1

Main idea: Americans have been the driving force behind

the spread of English in the 20thcentury

Step 2

A 2

B 1

C Sample answer: In the 1900s, America did more

to increase the use of English as an international

language than any other country

Step 3

Factors driving spread of English:

• Business

• Hollywood

• INTERNET

- MAJORITY of online content in English

- fewer HITS for searches not in English

- MILLIONS of hits for SEARCHES in English most ENGLISH content available in American English

Step 4

A majority of online content in English synonyms: majority - most

online content - websites, information

on the Web paraphrase: Most of the information on the Web

is in English

B fewer hits for searches not in English synonyms: fewer - a lower number of

not in English - in other languages paraphrase: People get a lower number of hits for

searches in other languages

Step 5

A 1 Two IMPORTANT factors DRIVING the spread of English both THEN and NOW are business and Hollywood

2 THE LARGEST AMOUNT of the INFORMATION ON THE WEB in English is PRESENTED in American English

B 1 American businesses and Hollywood are two key factors that ARE DRIVING THE SPREAD OF ENGLISH BOTH IN THE PAST AND TODAY

2 Typically, American English is what is used TO PRESENT INFORMATION ON MOST WEBSITES

Step 6

1 One reason that American English is so widespread today is because Americans were the driving force behind the spread of English in the 20thCentury

2 In addition to American movies, music, and books that can be found almost everywhere, English on the Internet is also driving the spread of English today

Practice 2

Step 1

Main idea: It’s a fairly new idea that sunlight is actually harmful

Step 2

A 2

B 1

C Sample answer: The belief that sunlight is dangerous

is a change in our way of thinking

Step 3

How sunlight helps us:

A) Prevents illness

B) Kills BACTERIA

- hospitals without much SUNLIGHT have MORE

germs

- HOSPITALS with more sunlight have FEWER germs

- more sunlight ➝ people recover FASTER

Step 4

A Sunlight kills germs that cause sickness

synonyms: germs - bacteria

sickness - illness/disease

paraphrase:Sunlight kills bacteria that cause

illness/disease

B recover faster

synonyms: recover - get well

faster - more quickly

paraphrase:People get well more quickly in hospitals

where there is more sunlight

Step 5

A 1 LIGHT FROM THE SUN can actually STOP or cure

a lot of ILLNESSES that can be LIFE THREATENING

2 Even though RAYS from the sun can sometimes

HARM people by GIVING THEM skin cancer, it

isn’t usually FATAL

B 1 A lot of illness that can be life threatening CAN

ACTUALLY BE STOPPED WITH LIGHT FROM THE

SUN

2 It’s true that sunlight can cause CANCER, BUT

SKIN CANCER ISN’T USUALLY FATAL

Step 6

1 Perhaps animals are wiser about sunlight than we

are because they are active only at special times

2 Sunlight kills germs and bacteria, so it can keep

people from getting sick

Practice 3

Step 1

Main idea: When atoms are split, large amounts of heat and energy are created

Step 2

A 1

B 2

C Sample answer: Splitting an atom produces a vast quantity of heat and energy

Step 3

Reasons for not using NUCLEAR power:

A) waste is deadly POISON B) ACCIDENTS can happen C) high cost for SAFETY

- DURABLE boxes needed to bury waste

- takes LONG time to break down

Step 4

A accidents can happen synonyms: accident - mistake/mishap

happen - occur/take place paraphrase: Mishaps sometimes take place

B durable boxes needed to bury waste synonyms: durable - strong/reliable

needed - required/necessary buy - dispose of underground/put in the earth

paraphrase: To dispose of the waste underground,

strong and reliable boxes are required

Step 5

A 1 HARM has already been DONE to MANY people, TREES, and animals

2 Making the ATOMIC ENERGY PLANTS safe IS COSTLY

B 1 Already, many people, plants, and animals have been HARMED BY NUCLEAR POWER

2 The cost is very high TO MAKE NUCLEAR REACTORS SAFE

Step 6

1 Scientists can use nuclear power to generate electricity

2 The main reason for not using nuclear power is that the waste is poisonous

Practice 4

Step 1

Main idea: One theory argues that gradual changes on

Earth made the dinosaurs die out

Step 2

A 1

B 1

C Sample answer: Gradual changes on Earth is one

possible cause of the dinosaurs’ disappearance

Step 3

Dinosaur extinction:

• suddenly killed when OBJECT from space HIT the Earth

• Clue = CRATER in ocean near Mexico

• After Earth was hit:

- STEAM and dust flew into ATMOSPHERE

- some dinosaurs killed by FLOODS or explosion

- some dinosaurs died because of COLD WEATHER

or no food

Step 4

A Suddenly killed when object from space hit the

Earth

synonyms: suddenly - all at once

killed - wiped out, extinguished

object from space - comet, rock from

outer space

hit - slammed into, smashed into

paraphrase:extinguished all at once when a rock

from outer space slammed into the

Earth

B some dinosaurs killed by floods or explosion

synonyms: floods - rising water, tidal waves

explosion - blast, extreme heat

paraphrase:some dinosaurs wiped out by tidal

waves or blast

Step 5

A 1 That the Earth CHANGED very slowly, causing

dinosaurs to die out OVER TIME, is one IDEA

2 One THEORY that SOME RESEARCHERS believe

is that a change caused the dinosaurs to die

SUDDENLY

B 1 Very gradual changes on Earth cause dinosaurs

TO DIE OUT LITTLE BY LITTLE

2 Others argue that dinosaurs disappeared AT ONCE BECAUSE SOMETHING CHANGED SUDDENLY

Step 6

1 While one idea claims that gradual changes on Earth caused dinosaurs to die out, another idea is that something hit the Earth and killed them all

2 From bones found in rocks, scientists can see that many animals from the past have disappeared

Skill C

Practice 1

Step 2

We learn new things all the time When we are children,

we learn information from our parents, from our friends,

or from teachers in school When we are adults, we learn things from older people, from colleagues, or even from younger people Although we are all learning all the time, people learn in different ways Some people learn by reading Others learn by doing Personally, I learn better by doing than by reading

One thing I learned by doing was how to install programs

on my computer This is a simple thing if you know how

to do it If you do not already know, it can be confusing The first time I got a new program for my computer, I read the instructions for how to install it I did not really understand the instructions It seemed like they were written in a foreign language Then I put the CD in my computer I pushed buttons and clicked with my mouse

I installed the program without the instructions at all Now, I know how to install any program on my computer Some people disagree with my point of view They say they have to read the instructions to learn how to do things They do not want to make any mistakes I think

it is OK to make mistakes When I make a mistake, I learn not to do it that way again I also learn what happens when I make that mistake These are both important things to know when you learn to do something new

Step 3

1 The thesis statement of this essay is “Personally, I learn better by doing than by reading.”

2 The topic sentence of the body paragraph is “One

thing I learned by doing was how to install programs

on my computer.”

Step 4

1 This essay takes the side of learning by doing is better

than learning by reading

2 The sample the writer gives to support the thesis

statement is how the writer learned to install

computer programs

3 The writer does present an idea from the other side

in the conclusion The writer states that some people

read to learn so that they don’t make mistakes

4 The main idea of the conclusion is that even though

learning by doing leads to mistakes, making mistakes

is useful for learning too

Practice 2

Step 2

It’s important to have good neighbors I am lucky to have

very good neighbors where we live I think our neighbors

are good because they have been friendly since the first

day we moved in Also, whenever a neighborly thing

should be done, they always cooperate, or help out

People sometimes complain that their neighbors are

difficult, but we have never had any problems with our

neighbors On the contrary, we like our neighbors a lot

and we think that our neighbors like us Two qualities

that make a good neighbor, then, are friendliness and

helpfulness

Our neighbors are good neighbors because they are

friendly and helpful I remember the first summer we

moved in One of our neighbors saw that we were new,

so she introduced us to her family and told us to ask her

if we ever needed anything In the weeks that followed,

the weather was hot and she invited our kids to swim

with her children at the pool Since then, our children

and hers have become good friends Before leaving for

summer vacation, we were worried about leaving our

house empty for two weeks Our neighbor offered to

collect the letters from our mailbox every day and to

make sure our house was OK Now, whenever she and

her family go away, we help them in the same way and

keep an eye on their house

Most people realize that having good neighbors is very

important Indeed, I was lucky to have kind and helpful neighbors with whom we quickly became friends But I also learned a valuable lesson from these neighbors I learned the one thing as important as having a good neighbor is being a good neighbor yourself

Step 3

1 The thesis statement of this essay is “Two qualities that make a good neighbor, then, are friendliness and helpfulness.”

2 The topic sentence of the body paragraph is “Our neighbors are good neighbors because they are friendly and helpful.”

Step 4

1 This personal experience is about the qualities of good neighbors

2 The examples the writer gives to support the thesis statement are how her neighbor invited them to swim

at the pool and how her neighbor took care of her house while her family was away

3 Two sentences in the conclusion restate ideas previously mentioned in the essay

4 The main idea of the conclusion is that to have good neighbors, you also need to be a good neighbor

Skill D

Thesis Statements

Step 1 Question 1: Some people prefer to spend their free time outdoors Other people prefer to spend their free time indoors Do you prefer to spend your free time outside or inside? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice

Question 2:The automobile has done a lot to improve modern life It has also caused many problems for modern society Do you think automobiles have more benefits or disadvantages? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer

Question 3:When was the last time you had to interact with someone much older or much younger than you? Was this a good or bad experience for you? Describe the situation and your interaction using specific details

Question 4:When was the last time you received a gift

of money? What did you do with the money, save it or

spend it? Explain what you did and why Include specific

details and reasons in your essay

Step 2

Question 1:experience

Sample thesis statement: I learned how to play tennis

by playing with my friend rather than by reading about

tennis

Question 2:opinion

Sample thesis statement: If I could study a subject that

I have never studied before, I would study music

because I love listening to the piano

Question 3:opinion

Sample thesis statement: The best way to travel is by

yourself rather than with a tour guide

Question 4:experience

Sample thesis statement: One time in my life when I

went through a stressful change was the time that I

started my first job

Topic Sentences

Step 1

Question 1

( 2 ) One film, The Funeral, showed me several interesting

things about Japan

( 1 ) I have learned a lot about Japanese culture by

watching Japanese movies

( 3 ) In The Funeral, I could see the various parts of a

traditional Japanese funeral service

Question 2

( 3 ) After a day or two, I can read my letter again and

change things that are too emotional or are not

clear

( 1 ) If I have to complain about a product or poor

service, I prefer to complain in writing

( 2 ) When I complain about a product or service in

writing, I can plan the things I want to say

Question 3

( 1 ) A special gift I received is a book of poems from my friend

( 3 ) One of the poems was about the first time we met ( 2 ) The book of poems from my friend was special because she wrote the poems herself

Question 4

( 1 ) I think the company should use the money to protect the environment

( 2) It is more important for the company to protect the environment because we need the environment to live

( 3 ) If the water is polluted or not taken care of well, people can get sick from it

Vocabulary Review

Review 1

16 cultural 17 cuisine 18 campus

19 readily 20 rewarding 21 (D)

25 (C)

Review 2

16 inventions 17 encyclopedia 18 convenient

19 isolated 20 contact 21 couple

22 nuclear 23 gradual 24 sudden

25 remain