There are many different kinds of rats: kangaroo rats, cotton rats, Norway rats, black rats, pack rats, etc.. There are many different kinds of mice: house mice, field mice, deer mice, e
Trang 1P ractice T est - L istening
M: We don’t have nearly enough things to do for fun on campus.
Why can’t we have more plays and art fairs and dances?
W: You’re right But did you know about the new student activity
fee?
M: So what! What’s the good of it?
W: Well, it means a lot more money for things like that.
M: You don’t think our drama club will really get any of the money,
do you?
W: Well, it could.
M: What do you mean?
W: Well, I was looking at the university web site They’re giving $500
to each registered student organization So, if it’s not already,
we should get our drama club registered Then, we can ask for
$3,500 more after that! We just have to come up with a special
program
M: Wow! Let’s do it! What is the web site again?
W: It’s the Ohio Union Activities Board In fact, they’re looking for
student organizations right now
M: Really! How come they have so much money?
W: Well, every new student at our university pays $15 into the
fund It starts this year That wouldn’t be very much money for
another couple of years, so our university president is putting in
a bunch more money It’s coming from other programs at the
university
M: Oh, I get it So we can do some cool stuff with our drama club!
Remember that idea we had to do Shakespeare plays in present
day settings?
W: Yes, of course! That’s why I was looking on the website!
M: Good thinking, Sandy! How do we officially register our club?
W: There’s a form we fill out on the web site.
M: Embroidery is today’s topic EM-BROY-DUH-REE What is it?
Embroidery is needlework in which designs and pictures are
created by stitching strands of some material onto a layer of
another material Most embroidery uses strands of thread or
wool, but embroidery could use different materials, such as
wire or leather strands Embroidery designs are usually stitched
into a woven fabric, such as blankets or carpets, but designs
can be embroidered onto many materials, including leather,
felt, and plastic
Embroidery has traditionally been used to decorate clothing
and household furnishings such as tablecloths, towels and
bedding But you can embroider anything as long as it is made
from an evenly woven fabric and can be held firmly in the hand
or in a special embroidery hoop
Embroidery has also been used as an art form and for decoration
One of the most famous embroidered artworks is called the
Bayeux Tapestry - B-A-Y-E-U-X It was made in England in the
year 1077 This tapestry is like a huge blanket It’s 70 meters
long and 0.5 meters wide It has 58 scenes that tell the story
of the events leading to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 In the
Battle of Hastings, you’ll recall, French soldiers from the region
of Normandy defeated the English army under King Harold
The Bayeux Tapestry used wool that had been colored with
vegetable dyes The colors of mustard yellow, olive-green, dark
brown and off-white can be found in cloth traditionally woven
in the region
Another famous embroidered artwork is the Bradford Carpet
It was made in England in the late 17th Century The Bradford Carpet covers an entire wall, but it was originally made not as
a carpet, but as a table covering It was stitched on a canvas -like a painting - and uses silk thread We call this style Elizabethan embroidery, in honor of Queen Elizabeth The carpet shows countryside life in a simple, realistic way
There are many different embroidery styles and stitching techniques Unfortunately, machines embroider most of our clothing today Hand embroidery has become more of a hobby than a regular occupation
W: We are always sweating, even when we don’t notice it It’s the
major way that our bodies get rid of extra heat Body heat comes from moving or from taking in food We sweat different amounts at different times When the weather is hot or if we move a lot, we sweat more When we have very strong feelings, we might sweat more, too
Inside our bodies are small things called glands These glands get water and other materials from our blood They use it to make sweat We know that sweat is mainly water because it feels wet It has salt and some other materials in it, too We all know the salty taste of sweat
Now, look at the picture of a sweat gland The bottom part is coiled It goes around in circles Then, it has a straight part The glands bring in sweat in the coiled part Then, it moves from the coiled part up to the straight part There, if it’s not needed
to keep us cool, it can be taken back in again
So, not much sweat reaches our skin when it’s cool, and that’s
a good thing, too! Can you see yourself in the winter, putting
on heavy clothing to keep warm? But there you are, sweating
It would be very hard to get warm!
Now, when it’s hot or we are exercising - well, that’s another story The glands make a lot more sweat So, they can’t take as much of it back in again A lot more comes out onto our skin
Of course, this is very good for us As it dries, it helps us stay cool Can you see yourself at the gym working out - lifting weights maybe? How would you feel if you didn’t sweat at all? People who live in cold places only sweat about one liter per hour, but if they move to a hot place, their bodies change In about six weeks, they’ll sweat as much as two to three liters per hour That seems to be the most that people can sweat
M 1 : Look closely at this picture Is it a mouse or a rat?
W: It’s a mouse
M 2 : Rat!
M 1 : How about this one?
W: Rat!
M 2 : Mouse!
M 1 : Ah! It’s hard to tell, isn’t it? The terms “mouse” and “rat” are
not scientific classifications They’re words common people use
to distinguish these two rodents We use “rat” to describe medium- or large-sized rodents with long, thin tails There are many different kinds of rats: kangaroo rats, cotton rats, Norway rats, black rats, pack rats, etc We use “mouse” to describe tiny rodents with long, thin tails There are many different kinds of mice: house mice, field mice, deer mice, etc Some of these different rodent species that we call rats and mice are closely related, but other rodent species are not related to each other
at all!
Trang 2Usually, when people refer to rats and mice they mean pet rats
and mice and pest rats and mice This means Norway rats and
house mice Norway rats and house mice belong to different
species A species is a group of related individuals that can mate
and have babies Humans and horses, for example, belong to
different species Even though Norway rats and house rats are
different species, they are related to each other They both
come from a common ancestor that lived millions of years ago
The descendants of that ancestor evolved into different species
So, how can we tell Norway rats and house mice apart? First
off, adult house mice are much smaller than adult Norway rats
A house mouse weighs about 30 grams Its body and tail are
both about three to four inches long A Norway rat weighs
between 350 and 450 grams for females, and 450 to 650
grams for males Their bodies are 9 to 11 inches long, and their
tails are seven to nine inches long The heads of Norway rats are
heavy and chunky The heads of house mice are triangular, with
pointed muzzles Note, though, that Norway rats have smaller
ears relative to their heads than house mice
Now, what’s this?
Class (in unison): Mouse!
M 1 : And this?
Class (unison): Rat!
P ractice T est - S peaking
Question 3
M: Wow, that’s great news I really don’t want to go further into
debt with more student loans for next year
W: I don’t know I don’t like this kind of scholarship.
M: Why not? You’re an excellent student, Mary I think you will get one.
W: Didn’t you hear? They’re not awarding them based on academic
performance They’re awarding them based on financial need
M: So? All university students are in financial need.
W: True, but they award this kind of scholarship based on the
income of the student’s parents, not on the grades earned by
the student
M: I see What do your parents do?
W: Well, my dad is just an editor, but my mom is a fairly successful
dentist I don’t stand a chance
M: Really? That’s a pity.
W: Not only does this kind of scholarship discriminate against
students with wealthy parents, but it rewards lazy students who
don’t work as hard I think these scholarships should be based
on merit, not financial need
M: I see your point, but someone has to reward lazy students like me.
Question 4
W: Good morning, class Um, today we will be talking about the
Vikings and their drakkar, or longships I’m sure most of you
know these ships were used over a millennium ago so the
Vikings could raid lands and steal riches, but what else do you
know about them?
Most people think these ships were only used to um, travel the
seas This isn’t true In fact, the drakkar ships could travel along
rivers that were only one meter deep Can you imagine living in
a small village by a river and one of those massive ships suddenly appearing in front of you with two hundred Viking warriors? Pretty scary, huh?
Drakkar ships were usually owned by a nobleman because no
one else could afford to build one The regular ships were um, usually about 28 meters in length and had uh, about twenty or thirty oarsmen However, much larger ones have been found The biggest one ever uncovered was actually over seventy meters long and was probably owned by a king
Question 5
W: Hey, Paul, how are you?
M: Pretty good I’m a little worried about the exams we have soon.
How about you?
W: Oh, I’m a bit stressed, to be honest.
M: Really? Are you worried about your exams?
W: Well, it’s because of my part-time job My boss wants me to
work in the restaurant four weeknights each week I just don’t have the time, especially with the exams coming up I don’t know what to do I need that job to buy books and meals
M: Yeah, that sounds like a problem Hmmm, I know Why don’t
you ask your boss if you can work on the weekend instead That way you can study each night during the week and keep your job at the restaurant
W: Yeah, that’s a good idea, but I play a lot of sports on the weekend
and hang out with my friends It’s when I like to relax
M: I see Well, why don’t you explain to your boss that you have
these exams coming up soon? Maybe you can just work two weeknights That way you have your weekend free, and you still have your job
W: Yeah, that’s a great idea Thanks! I’ll say that to him tonight.
Question 6
M: Today, we’re continuing our series of lectures on the seven wonders
of the ancient world with an examination of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon As described by Greek historians, these gardens were built by King Nebuchadnezzar for his wife, who came from a land far from Mesopotamia Now, from what we’ve studied about the marriages of nobles, who can tell me why Nebuchadnezzar might marry a woman from far away?
W: To help Babylon? Like to make powerful friends or trade partners
with another area
M: Very good, Miss Andrews That’s exactly right So, one reason
he had these gardens built was to keep his wife happy and help maintain Babylon’s strong relationship with her homeland Can anyone think of another reason he might build a great green garden in the middle of the hot dry Middle East?
W: To impress and attract people from other cities? Like tourism? M: That’s a good thought I doubt it was for tourism, but I think it
was to impress and attract others Like the giant cathedrals built by Christians in Europe, these gardens were a show of power a show of wealth that advertised the Babylon way was the right,
or at least, the powerful way Indeed, the advertising might have carried over to the historians who reported the gardens Early reports described the gardens as 400 feet by 400 feet and
as tall as 320 feet In the late 19thcentury, however, archaeologists excavated Babylon and found the base of the garden building
to be only 100 by 150 feet
Trang 3P ractice T est - W riting
M: OK, today’s topic is acupuncture Do you all know what that is?
W: Yeah, it’s when they stick needles in your body.
M: Correct Doctors vibrate the needles, and this relieves pain and
promotes healing China has used acupuncture for over 2,000
years, but it wasn’t well known in America until 1971, when a
reporter for the New York Times wrote about how it helped
him recover from surgery Today, acupuncture has become a
popular trend People are trying it to cure everything from
toothaches to cancer My uncle used it last year for his arthritis
He swears it’s the greatest thing since sliced bread
Well maybe it is, but in truth, we don’t know exactly how
acupuncture works or why it’s effective We also don’t know
much about the risks involved in acupuncture treatment Some
studies have shown that acupuncture is safe - If it’s performed
by well-trained people Hmm What if it’s not? In a Norwegian
survey of 197 acupuncturists, there were 132 cases of fainting,
eight cases of punctured lungs, and 26 cases where pain actually
increased after treatment If acupuncture is performed improperly,
it can cause many different problems, including nerve damage,
infections, and hepatitis B Acupuncturists are usually not medical
doctors Can we trust their diagnoses? The National Council
Against Health Fraud doesn’t think so It warns us that acupuncture
is a quote-unquote “unproven”treatment based on quote-unquote
“primitive”ideas If you want to try it, the Council suggests you
should talk with your family doctor first
Trang 4Beginning READING
Building Skills for the TOEFL®
iBT
ANSWER KEY
Reading Section / Listening Section / Speaking Section / Writing Section
Trang 5Reading Chapter 1
672
Skill A
1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (C)
4 The passage says that 70% live in cities near the
coast; this leaves 30% of the population
1 (C) 2 (C) 3 (B)
4 A group of four musicians in the classical period
would most likely play chamber music
1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (A)
4 will vary
1 (C) 2 (B) 3 (D)
4 something for cuts, medicine for bites/pain, a first
aid book
1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (C)
4 Grind it into fine powder; Let it dry
Skill B
1 (C) 2 (A) 3 (A)
4 How baseball is different from most sports
1 (B) 2 (B) 3 (A)
4 will vary
1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (B)
4 Geology is a young branch of science.
1 (B) 2 (D) 3 (B)
4 (B) How and when milk became an important
food for people
1 (C) 2 (B) 3 (D)
4 (A) Why? B only states the topic of the
second paragraph, while A combines the topics of both paragraphs
Skill C
1 (A) 2 (D) 3 (C)
4 (B) Why? The word “transportation” is used as an
example of how to use word parts to increase vocabulary; increasing vocabulary is the main idea of the reading
1 (B) 2 (A) 3 (D)
4 (A) Why? Sentence A expresses the main idea of the paragraph, while sentence B only expresses one detail
1 (B) 2 (B) 3 (D)
4 The pronouns “him” and “her” give the clue It should come after mentioning the secretary
1 (C) 2 (B) 3 (C)
4 (A) Why? Choice A is best because it deals with
information already introduced in the reading; choice B would disrupt the coherence of the reading by introducing a new idea, the Internet
1 (A) 2 (B) 3 (B)
4 (A) Why? Choice A could be removed because it
does not give us information about the parts
of sunlight, which is the main topic of the reading Choice B does give information about one part of sunlight
Trang 6Review A-C
Vocabulary Review
16 real 17 centuries 18 modern
19 diary 20 survive 21 out
25 out
Skill Review
Skill D
1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (B)
4 others = (not important) points, it = the report,
them = a small group of friends, their = the friends’
1 (B) 2 (B) 3 (D)
4 Air is heated when it touches the warm earth
0 3 Territories
1 (C) 2 (C) 3 (A)
4 they = people living in territories
1 (D) 2 (D) 3 (C)
4 one = a control, you = riders/someone, it = the bike
1 (B) 2 (B) 3 (B)
4 they = people; them = dogs; they = people; They = people; they = dogs; They = people; They = people; them = dogs
Skill E
1 (B) 2 (B) 3 (A)
4 legend, myth, true or not, know
1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (D)
4 will vary
1 (A) 2 (A) 3 (C)
4 educated guess, learned, past experience
1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D)
4 During the night because the air becomes cooler
at night and can’t hold as much humidity
1 (A) 2 (C) 3 (D)
4 major, intense, passionate, deep emotions, express, enjoy
Skill F
1 (A), (C), (E)
2 (D) 3 (A)
4 sentences 1, 3, 4, and 7
1 Vitamin A - (B), (C); Vitamin D - (D), (E)
2 (B) 3 (C)
4 sentences 8 and 11
▼
Trang 71 Felony - (B), (C), (F); Misdemeanor - (A), (D), (E)
2 (C) 3 (C)
4 fine
1 Physical - (B) Oceanography - (E)
Historical - (D) Economic - (F)
2 (A) 3 (C)
4 paragraph 1, sentences 3 and 5; paragraph 2,
sentences 3 and 4
1 (C), (D), (E)
2 (A) 3 (B)
4 will vary
Review A-F
Vocabulary Review
16 major 17 intense 18 emotion
19 express 20 ancient 21 (S)
25 (O)
Skill Review
10 (A), (C), (F)
10 Levers - (A), (B), (F), (I);
Inclined planes - (C), (D), (G)
Trang 8Skill A
4 (D) 5 (B)
6 (A), (E), (F)
4 (A) 5 (B)
6 Method 1 - (B), (D), (E); Method 2 - (C), (F), (H)
Skill B
4 (C) 5 (C)
6 Scientific Notation - (C), (E), (F);
Floating Point Notation - (A), (B), (G)
4 (C) 5 (C)
6 (B), (C), (E)
Skill C
4 (C) 5 (A)
6 (A), (B), (E)
4 (B) 5 (C)
6 Cumulus - (E), (C); Stratus - (B), (D);
Cirrus - (F), (H)
4 (C) 5 (B)
6 (C), (D), (E)
Review A-C
Vocabulary Review
31 among 32 base 33 altitude
34 distance 35 goal 36 breathe
37 towers 38 frozen 39 period
40 after a while 41 absorb 42 shallow
43 opponent 44 satellite 45 equation
49 (S) 50 (O)
Skill Review
10 (B), (D), (F)
Chapter 2
Trang 910 Comets - (E); Asteroids - (A), (G);
Meteors - (D), (F)
Skill D
4 (A) 5 (D)
6 Lyric - (F), (G), (I); Narrative - (B), (H);
Dramatic - (A), (E)
4 (D) 5 (A)
6 (B), (E), (F)
Skill E
4 (A) 5 (B)
6 (B), (D), (E)
4 (D) 5 (C)
6 Work - (B), (F), (G); Celebration - (A), (D)
Skill F
4 (C) 5 (A)
6 Primary - (B), (C); Secondary - (A), (F)
4 (C) 5 (C)
6 (B), (C), (E)
4 (A) 5 (A)
6 (B), (E), (F)
Review A-F
Vocabulary Review
31 event 32 planet 33 take part
34 contests 35 talent 36 victory
37 predominantly 38 rackets 39 loft
40 smash 41 stringed 42 series
43 conjunction 44 reform 45 course
49 (A) 50 (C)
Trang 10Skill Review
10 (B) 11 (B)
12 (E), (A), (F)
10 (C) 11 (D)
12 (C), (D), (A)