So the subject of the sentence is the issues and after the relative clause appears the verb, caused.. The verb is in the passive voice: are sometimes accused be +verb in past participle.
Trang 1Writing Section
Have your essay scored by a writing instructor or submit it to my Essay Grading Service, which is described in the “How to Use This Book” section The scoring criteria appear at the beginning of the “Writing” chapter in Part III
Practice Test 4
Listening Section
Part A
1 D: Try new medicine and then have a blood test.
2 C: They hear it is almost as good as a former restaurant.
3 A: She thinks she should take it, but it’s too time-consuming.
4 D: He was extremely frightened.
5 A: He is sick.
6 A: His father believes a well known school is better.
7 B: It’s not pleasant.
8 A: He had a prior engagement.
9 A: Neither Helen nor the man could find the books.
10 A: The jury probably will not make a decision today.
11 C: Bill made a bad decision about a stock purchase.
12 A: He lost his job.
13 B: She is sleeping a lot but feels exhausted.
14 B: She writes messages that contain incorrect information.
15 A: He absolutely will not interview with the company.
Part B
16 B: The judge will require mediation.
17 B: That it involves an arbitrator.
18 A: He feels that the opponents are entrenched in an incorrect position.
19 D: That it often produces positive results.
20 C: To settle the case.
Trang 221 B: The mediator will separate the parties and carry settlement offers from
one to the other.
22 B: She has been researching carcinogens for years.
23 C: She studies whether carcinogens in plastic wrap can get into food when
heated in microwave ovens.
24 C: He read about her in a newspaper.
25 D: Eighteen years old.
26 B: She is very resolute.
27 A: A will.
28 C: A will is only activated upon death.
29 A: Access accounts and property while the grantor is alive.
30 B: It remains valid in the case of incapacity.
31 A: He is hesitant.
32 C: To write checks for medical care.
33 B: Ready.
34 C: Extended periods of drought.
35 B: Yes, he heard of it some years ago.
36 A: It is not known to be effective.
37 A: He thinks they should use it anyway.
38 C: Iodides are deposited, iodides merge with water droplets, ice crystals
develop, and snow and rain develop.
39 C: Large convective clouds, which are precursors to storm clouds.
40 A: A foothold.
Structure Section
1 B: second only to This is an idiomatic expression.
2 B: was foraged The progressive in the active voice would make sense, which
would be was foraging.
3 A: the tighter it became This is a double comparative sentence, and the order
is more+{adjective or adjective+-er} more+{adjective or adjective+-er}.
It means that as one condition increases or changes, the other one does too
4 B: planning This is part of a noun phrase and should be a noun, plan.
5 A: Due to her agility and speed The choices with because misuse
grammati-cal rules The rule is because+clause or because of +noun phrase Due to
means the same thing and is followed by a noun or noun phrase
Trang 36 A: it The relative pronoun that replaces the noun, so the pronoun it is
repeti-tive and does not belong
7 A: that This is an idiomatic expression, and the order is not until that.
8 A: not best The superlative structure requires the definite article the because
it is the one item that meets the definition It should read not the best.
9 D: in greater numbers This is an idiomatic expression.
10 C: causing The sentence does not have a conjugated verb unless causing is
changed to caused The word learned is a past participle from a reduced rela-tive clause — that were learned So the subject of the sentence is the issues and after the relative clause appears the verb, caused.
11 D: the message to all directors The order is subject +verb +direct object +
to +indirect object The other alternative is to omit the to and reverse the
di-rect and indidi-rect object — subject +verb +indirect object +direct object
12 A: when black The article a is missing Note that the sentence has an unusual
structure because it begins with only when For that reason, the word will is correct The last verb structure in the sentence, be closed down, is in the
pas-sive voice and is correct
13 C: she has had The second clause must have a subject.
14 B: accuse The verb is in the passive voice: are sometimes accused (be +verb
in past participle)
15 B: out of The idiomatic expression is out of order, which means not working.
16 D: in way This is an idiomatic expression, in the way.
17 D: did so in The phrase did so stands for competed The first clause of the
sentence is dependent, so there must be a conjugated verb in the second clause; in this case, it is an unusual conjugated verb, but it is one The second answer choice is incorrect because it is in the wrong tense
18 A: completed It is part of a verb phrase with a modal, could, so it must be in
simple form, complete.
19 D: other The word another must be used with the singular countable noun
program Other would be used with noncountable nouns or plural countable
nouns Notice that the initial part of the sentence is correct It is the same as
saying the fact that Allen had not completed The word Allen’s is posses-sive because it is followed by a gerund, having Completed is in the past
par-ticiple as part of that construction
20 B: requires The subject of the sentence is an infinitive, to master, and it takes
a singular conjugated verb
21 A: enjoys The subject of the sentence is a that clause, which is singular, but
it contains a plural noun, investors The verb should be enjoy to match the
plural noun within the clause
Trang 422 B: has not The first clause of the sentence is dependent, so the second must
have a conjugated verb The expression the number of is a singular concept,
and you should not be confused by the plural noun after the preposition of.
23 C: believe The entire sentence is in the passive voice, and that is why all the
main verbs are in the past participle This verb should be believed.
24 A: be The verb phrase had +subject +verb in past participle means the same
as if+subject +had +verb in past participle, so the correct construction
would include been.
25 A: who has sung This clause is a relative clause and thus requires a relative
pronoun
Reading Section
1 A: affixed.
2 B: discharge.
3 B: different in that a vent involves rapid discharge while a seep involves slow
discharge The author uses the two words in different contexts.
4 C: from the same family but different species.
5 A: grows slower than the hot-water tube worm See paragraphs two and five,
which distinguish between the growth rates of the two worms
6 A: complete.
7 A: lifetime.
8 C: boiling.
9 D: different in that one contains oily materials and the other contains
hydro-gen sulfide.
10 C: aneurysms that occur near the brain stem only The first paragraph
ex-plains that these aneurysms are dangerous to repair with surgery
11 A: aneurysms The noun is found in the previous sentence, and no other noun
in the sentence could make sense
12 C: significant.
13 B: aneurysm The noun to which one refers actually appears two sentences
before the reference
14 A: meandering The idea is that it moves slowly and deliberately towards its
destination
15 A: removed.
16 B: a hernia.
17 D: hemorrhaging that results in death The first paragraph states that this can
occur in 50 percent of patients
Trang 518 B: serve as a base for a blood clot to form This is explained in the second
paragraph
19 B: in the upper thigh In the reading, it states that the femoral artery is in the
groin area The word “femoral” is related to femur, which is the thigh bone, and the groin area is where the thigh meets the hip area
20 D: separate the coil from the wire This is explained in the second paragraph.
After the coil is outside the catheter, a low voltage electrical current is ap-plied, and the coil detaches at a preset solder point.
21 C: at a predetermined and prepared location on the wire The same sentence
that answers question 20 says it is a preset location
22 A: longer and require more recuperation time than the new procedure This
is explained in the last paragraph where it says: The procedure lasts two
hours, which is half as long as invasive surgery, and recovery time is gener-ally limited to a few days instead of a few weeks.
23 B: is performed only at hospitals containing the required equipment and
cer-tified doctors This is also explained in the last paragraph where it says: is available in various hospitals where there are advanced neurology depart-ments and specialists trained in the procedure.
24 B: carnivorous dinosaur Carnivorous means the same as meat-eating, which
is stated in the first sentence
25 B: in addition to.
26 A: frightening.
27 D: surprising.
28 A: lived and hunted with others The first paragraph states that it is more
as-tounding that the bones were found with other bones, because that indicates they were not loners
29 A: meat-eating dinosaurs lived alone The same sentences say that this
dis-covery challenges the prior theory that they were loners
30 C: Giganotosaurus.
31 B: not closely related to Tyrannosaurus Rex The passage states that it is as
close to T Rex as a cat to a dog, which is not close
32 A: dismember.
33 A: victim.
34 B: combined.
35 B: thread.
36 C: it is more precise than previous techniques The passage indicates that
they will have control, whereas they previously did not
37 B: electronic impulses could affect cells The first paragraph indicates that
they have known this for a while
Trang 638 A: barraging.
39 B: open their walls to introduce medication The passage states that they
have used electrical charges in an attempt to introduce foreign substances
such as new drug treatments or genetic material
40 B: causes.
41 B: in the future.
42 A: researchers The noun to which they refers is in the previous sentence.
43 C: specific.
44 D: tissues The passage indicates that others is a pronoun for other tissues,
because it says: to activate particular tissues, whether they be muscle,
bone, brain, or others.
45 B: place more than one chip in a single person The last sentence of the
pas-sage answers this question: They believe that they will be able to implant
multiple chips into a person to deal with one problem or more than one
problem.
Writing Section
Have your essay scored by a writing instructor or submit it to my Essay Grading
Service, which is described in the “How to Use This Book” section The scoring
criteria appear at the beginning of the “Writing” chapter in Part III
Practice Test 5
Listening Section
Part A
1 B: They think they have seen both movies previously.
2 A: Ellen is likely to seek a degree in English.
3 B: Josh is taller now.
4 A: He is not participating in a study group this time.
5 C: It’s probably the best choice available.
6 B: She is not able to go there much because of her work.
7 C: She will probably attend the University of North Florida.
8 A: The new employee is lazy.
Trang 79 B: Writing a paper.
10 B: Quit one class for another.
11 B: She has never been to the races.
12 A: That Nadia was going to work instead of Allison.
13 C: Christopher has quit attending.
14 A: He needs help but will not admit it.
15 C: Look at the book.
Part B
16 B: It has improved somewhat since 1998.
17 A: Healthy coral reefs cause the ocean water to be healthy.
18 C: Higher temperatures.
19 B: Algae are required for coral’s health.
20 B: The government has spent money for research, education, and monitoring
reefs.
21 B: In a hotel.
22 B: Only students of the intensive English program.
23 A: She looked at his identification card.
24 B: He needs a place with two bedrooms.
25 B: Benefits that his wife and child would enjoy.
26 A: Lack of air conditioning.
27 B: Because there is a natural flow, facilitated by the body itself.
28 C: Obtaining tissue for a biopsy.
29 A: The endoscope is uncomfortable.
30 D: A scalpel.
31 A: The capsule is an advance in science along the same lines as digital and
wireless technology.
32 C: She has no prior knowledge of it.
33 A: Somebody of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.
34 B: The disease causes a protective material to disappear.
35 A: If her background is not the same as her husband’s, then there is no
chance they could pass on the disease.
36 C: Resigned.
37 A: Synthesizes the enzyme.
Trang 8Structure Section
1 A: has received The first clause is in the passive voice in the present perfect,
which is formed as follows: Subject +form of have+been +verb in past
par-ticiple The verb in this case should be has been received.
2 A: that the company should The language between commas is parenthetical,
so it should be ignored After the verb determined, there should be a clause
beginning with that plus a subject or with a subject alone The third answer
choice is incorrect because it omits the subject The fourth answer choice is
incorrect because it omits the definite article, the.
3 B: an The correct sentence would include is an, because without is, there is
no conjugated verb Disregard the information between commas, and it will
be clear that the subject is owning a home and the verb must be is.
4 A: is Without it, there would be no conjugated verb The entire that clause is
the subject
5 D: should it This is an embedded question, and the order after the question
word is normal sentence order, it should.
6 B: have been This is a passive voice structure following a modal, and the
order is modal +have +been +verb in past participle, should have been
submitted.
7 C: would had The simple form must always appear immediately after a
modal In this case, since the condition is in the past, the modal structure
must be modal +have+verb in past participle, would have had.
8 D: achieving There is no conjugated verb unless it is changed to achieved
9 A: are hesitant The first clause is dependent, so the second clause must have
a conjugated verb, which this answer has
10 A: spending A conjugated verb is required The clause beginning with who is
a restrictive relative clause and should be ignored even though it has no
com-mas around it The subject is attorneys, and the verb should be spend.
11 D: an extremely large fossil The order is article +(adverb) +adjective +
noun
12 B: as oldest The superlative form must appear with a definite article, so the
correct use would be as the oldest.
13 B: of being The expression in spite of must appear together, unlike despite,
which appears alone After a preposition, the gerund is required
14 A: voted purchase When vote is followed by a verb as its complement, the
verb must appear in the infinitive, voted to purchase.
15 C: the children have been After a question word in an embedded question,
the order is subject +verb Note that the main verb in the sentence (which
follows the subject how long and, therefore, is singular) is the verb is.
Trang 916 B: had been The context of the sentence and the verb of the first clause is
present, not past Because this is a real condition (not unreal), the tense does not go one step further into the past
17 B: Jane decided The first clause is dependent so the second needs a subject
and a conjugated verb The other verb in that clause comes from a reduced
that clause Jane decided (that) it was
18 B: to There is no conjugated verb in the sentence; instead there is a series of
infinitives The correct sentence would read is to.
19 C: to swim After warn, the infinitive is used.
20 D: before noon arrive The verb should not be broken up with the modifier.
The modifier appears after verbs and complements Technically this is a split
infinitive, which some grammarians say should never occur, where the to and
the rest of the verb are separated by something else The TOEFL test will generally not test something technical like a split infinitive unless it is as awkward as this sentence
21 B: was obvious The sentence begins with a that clause and needs a
conju-gated verb
22 D: caused The clause requires a complete conjugated verb, which is in the
past and is passive voice, had been caused.
23 C: initiating This needs to be parallel with the verb after the word first.
24 A: who could This is a relative clause.
25 D: to lead The verbs are in a series and must be parallel, so leading would be
correct
Reading Answers
1 C: it was defective for its first three years in space The end of the first
para-graph deals with this issue
2 A: subject.
3 C: fury.
4 C: there was considerable excitement about the potential uses The first
para-graph states that it was sent into space “amid huge hype and expectation.”
5 D: distorted.
6 C: light.
7 B: maintenance could be done by traveling astronauts The passage indicates
that the astronauts opened the hatch that was installed for the purpose of re-pairing the Hubble
8 C: mechanics This is explained at the end of the first paragraph where it is
explained that they arrived like roadside mechanics
Trang 109 C: developed a mathematical formula to measure speed and distances
be-tween galaxies This is explained in the last paragraph.
10 B: named.
11 A: when viewing a distant galaxy through the Hubbell telescope, you are
ac-tually looking back in time This is explained in the middle of paragraph 2.
12 A: a star In the reading it is stated that Astronomers use stars known as
Cepheid variables to measure distances in space.”
13 A: its details could not be seen In the third paragraph, the following is
stated: Prior to Hubble, it was visible from traditional telescopes on earth,
but its details were not ascertainable.
14 B: pouring.
15 A: water draining in a bathtub The reading refers to black holes as drains.
16 B: migraine.
17 D has a specific scientific cause, unlike a headache This is explained in the
last sentence of paragraph one
18 D: is something some sufferers see before an attack This is explained in the
second paragraph
19 D: expanded blood vessels The third paragraph deals with this issue.
20 B: tightened blood vessels This is also explained in the third paragraph.
21 B: augmented.
22 B: tend to fire in an unusual pattern when a migraine begins The firing of
the neurons is explained in the fourth paragraph
23 A: using imaging devices that allow one to watch the neurons This is
dis-cussed in the fourth paragraph
24 A: neurons fire suddenly and follow a specific pattern when a migraine is
coming.
25 B: moving in a specific order along the brain towards the brain stem like
rip-ples of water.
26 B: The brain stem is the location of pain centers.
27 C: still do not know exactly what causes the pain At the end of the fourth
para-graph, it is indicated that scientists are not certain how the pain is generated
28 B: a magnetic field.
29 C: New Evidence of How Migraines Are Formed This title is not too broad or
too restrictive and does not contradict anything in the passage
30 B: can suffer physical changes in the brain and be in chronic pain This is
ex-plained in the last paragraph
31 B: Ben Franklin This is explained in the first paragraph.