Tài liệu Figure Drawing - Ox doc

Long, horizontal back line.. I longus; Adduc Adductor; AT Achilles' tendon; Bicep Biceps brachii; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Clmas Cleidom

122 OX » ANATOMY

Ox (domestic cattle) characteristics: Unbranched, permanent horn has

bony core covered with hard sheath, present usually in both male and

female Horns often cut off by owner ("polled") No front teeth (incisors)

in upper jaw; lower incisors press against toughened skin of palate Ulna

complete, but thin and fused to thicker radius Only the upper and lower

ends of the fibula are present, connected by a fibrous cord that replaces

the shaft The lower end is attached to the underside of the outer

por-tion of the tibia Four digits with hoofs per limb Two central toes are

large and weight bearing; vestigial inner and outer toes, with hoofs, are

very small and located higher on side of foot and to the rear (they do not

articulate with the skeleton and do not touch the ground) Walks on

toes Long, horizontal back line Males tend to be bulky and muscular,

whereas females are more angular, muscles less developed, with

numer-ous prominent bony landmarks showing.

AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Adduc Adductor; AT Achilles' tendon; Bicep

Biceps brachii; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; Canin

Caninus; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc

Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; DLaMn Depressor labii

mandibularis; DLaMx Depressor labii maxillaris; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDBr

Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal

oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum

profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Front Frontalis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Iliac Iliacus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LatNa Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; Long! Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; OCCra Obliquus capitis cranialis; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; Pop Popliteus; PrTer Pronator feres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; Sart Sartorius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb

Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; Supra Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; TeMaj Feres major, TeMin Teres minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TrILa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vosfws lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.

anatomicawingafterellendergerpopes

OX > ANATOMY 123

DEEP MUSCLES

124 OX + ANATOMY

AbDlL Abductor digiti I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc

Buccinator; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Delt Deltoid; DLaMn

Depressor labii mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum

communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus;

FCR F/exor carp/ radialis; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; LatNa Lateralis nasi;

LeNas Levator nasolabialis; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid;

Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; PecDe Pectoralis descendens;

PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; PLig Patellar ligaments; PrTer Pronator feres; RecFe /tech/s femoris; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Subcl Subclavius; SusLi Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; VasLa l/asfus lateralis; VasMe l/asfr/s medialis; Zys Zygomaticus.

OX + ANATOMY 125

Coccy Coccygeus; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; FCR Flexor carpi radialis;

FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Gastr

Gastrocnemius; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Grac Gracilis; PerLo

Peroneus long us; SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; Smemb Semimembranosus; Stend Semitendinosus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; Tricp Triceps brachii; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis.

126 OX > ANATOMY

Brcph Brachiocephalicus; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc

Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; ExAbO External

abdominal oblique; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius;

InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator

nasolabialis; Long! Longissimus; Omotr Omotransversarius; SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; Trap Trapezius; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head.

OX > PHOTOGRAPHS 127

DEVON (FEMALE) HOLSTEIN (FEMALE)

LEFT FRONT LIMB OUTSIDE VIEW

BROWN SWISS (FEMALE)

128 OX > CROSS SECTIONS

drawing note to cross sectionafter popesco ellenberger

OX > CROSS SECTIONS 129

Mduc Adductor; AncAnconeus; AT Achilles' tendon; Bleep Biceps brachii; Brach

Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; C2 Second cervical

verte-bra; C4 Fourth cervical verteverte-bra; Clmas Cieidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis;

Corac Coracobrachialis; Digas Digastric; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor

digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor

digito-rum longus; Esoph Esophagus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FFCR F/exor

carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FOIL Flexor digiti I longus; FDLon F/cxor

digitorum longus; FDP Flexor digitorum pro fund us; FDS Flexor digitorum

superfi-cialis; Fern Femur; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius;

Grac Gracilis; Hum Humerus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique;

Intcs Intercostals; Inttr Intertransversarii; JugV Jugular vein; L5 /7/?/7 lumbar

verte-bra; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LevCo Levator costae; LngCa Longus capitis; LngCo

Longus colli; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; LonCe

Longissimus cervicis; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; MetcL iarge

metacarpal; MettL large metatarsal; Mult Multifidus; Myloh Mylohyoid; NuLig

Nuchal ligament; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr

Omotransversarius; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; Pert Pert/news; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; PrTer Pronator teres;

Ptery Pterygoid; Rad Radius; RCDor /tecfr/s cop/Y/s dorsalis; RecAb flectas obdo-m/ms; RecFe ffecfus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; Sart Sartorius; ScalM Scalenus

medius; SeDCr Serratus dorsalis cranialis; SemCa Semispinalis capitis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Spin & Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius;

Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas

Sternomastoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; SusLi Suspensory ligament; T8 Seventh tho-racic vertebra; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; Tib

r/Wo; TibCa 77Wa//s caudalis; TibCr 77/)/a//s cranialis; Trach Trachea; Trap

Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head;

TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; TrnAb Transversus abdominis; UlLat Ulnaris

lateralis; Uln U/no; Vasln Vosfus intermedius; VasLa l^asfus lateralis; VasMe

Vosfus medialis.

13O BOVID > PROPORTION

OX/DOMESTICATED CATTLE (JERSEY)

AMERICAN BISON

BOVID > PROPORTION 131

MOUNTAIN GOAT

BIGHORN SHEEP

132 DOG » ANATOMY

Dog (canid) characteristics: Anatomy is the same in various domestic

breeds and wild species—major difference is size and proportion

(Dachshund to Great Dane) Typically with elongated skull—snout long

and narrow (some domestic breeds have short muzzles) Large canines.

Cheekteeth with sharp edges for shearing Large, pointed ears—upright

in all wild species and in many domestic breeds; hanging in some breeds.

Deep chest (top to bottom); long, thin limbs Five digits on front limb

(thumb reduced), four on hind limb (big toe absent) Blunt, nonretractile

claws Walks on toes Forearm does not rotate (pronate/supinate) Long,

bushy tail usually in wild species Lives from the arctic to the tropics.

AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Adduc Adductor; Anc

Anconeus; KT Achilles' tendon; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFemDp Biceps femoris,

deep head; BiFemSu Biceps femoris, superficial head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph

Brachiocephalicus; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator, Canin Caninus; Clbra

Cleidobrachialis; Clcer Cleidocervicalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc Deltoid, acromial

portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; ECR Extensor carpi

rodi-alis; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDBr Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor

digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum tateralis; EDLon Extensor

digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis;

FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FCU-HH Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head; FCU-UH Flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnarhead; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digi-torum superficialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; IntDC Intertransversarii dorsales caudae; Inter Interossei; IntVC Intertransversarii ven-tralis caudae; LAOM Levator anguli ocuti medialis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longl Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrLig Orbital ligament; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecPr Pectoralis profundus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; Pop Popliteus; PrTer Pronator teres; RAOL Retractor anguli oculi lateralis; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SacDL Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis; SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; SacVL Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis; Sart Sartorius; ScalM Scalenus medius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ven-tralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus venven-tralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Spin

& Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius; Stcph Sternocephalicus; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; StOcc Sterno-occipi-talis; Stthy Sternothyroid; Supra Supraspinatus; TeMaj feres mo/or; TeMin Teres minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae tatae; TibCr Tibiatis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; VasLa Vosfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.

anatomical drawings after ellenberger,done,fromdissections