Tài liệu Figure Drawing - Horse docx

Long, slender limbs.. Humerus and femur short; lower portion of limb long, especially forefoot and hind foot adaptation for speed by shifting weight of muscles mass upward, close to the

112 HORSE > ANATOMY

Horse (equid) characteristics: One digit per foot ending in symmetrical,

horny hoof Walks on very tip of toe Elongated skull; large lower jaw.

Large upper and lower incisors In side view, neck widens as it approaches

shoulder (elongated triangular shape) Mane present, upright on wild

species Tuft of hair often present on forehead ("forelock") Rear profile of

neck straight or arched Pointed, upright ears Long, slender limbs.

Humerus and femur short; lower portion of limb long, especially forefoot

and hind foot (adaptation for speed by shifting weight of muscles mass

upward, close to the body) Ulna and fibula reduced and fused to adjacent,

weight-supporting bones Femur has projecting third trochanter on outer

side of shaft for attachment of the gluteus superficialis muscle Barrel-like

trunk Long hair on tail In same group as tapirs and rhinoceroses.

AbDlL Abductor digit! I longus; Adduc Adductor; AT Achilles' tendon; Bicep

Biceps brachii; BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; BiFemSH Biceps femoris,

short head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; Canin

Caninus; Coccy Coccygeus; DelRe Deltoid, rear portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal

por-tion; Digas Digastric; DLaMn Depressor labii mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi

radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis;

EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor

carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS

Flexor digitorum superficialis; Gas La Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GluMe Gtuteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gradlis; Iliac Iliacus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; LAOM Levator anguli oculi

medialis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LatNa Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabi-alis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; LngCa Longus capitis; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; Long! Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; NuLig Nuchal ligament; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius;

OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; OCCra Obliquus capitis cranialis; OrOc

Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicutaris oris; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; Pop Poptiteus; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid;

SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; SemCa Semispinalis capitis; SerDC Serratus dorsalis

caudalis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Spin & Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stman

Sternomandibularis; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; Subcl Subclavius; Supra Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; TeMin feres m/'nor;

Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae tatae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trach Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral

head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; TrnAb Transversus abdominis; TrocS r/7/rd trochanter; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vfasfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.

anatomicaldrawings after ellenberger ashdown fromdissi

HORSE > ANATOMY 113

DEEP MUSCLES

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES

114 HORSE > ANATOMY

AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; BiFemSH

Biceps femoris, short head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc

Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Cutan Cutaneous muscle; DelSp Deltoid, spinal

por-tion; DiNAp Dilator naris apicalis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor

digi-torum communis; EDLat Extensor digidigi-torum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digidigi-torum

longus; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; Grac Gracilis; LAOM Levator anguli oculi

medi-alis; LatNa Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabimedi-alis; LLaMx Levator labii

maxil-laris; Malar Mamaxil-laris; Mass Masseter; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr

Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; PLig Patellar ligament; RecFe Rectus femorisi Sart Sartorius; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Subcl Subclavius; Supra Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TlbCr Tibialis cra-nialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; VasLa Vfosfus lateralis; VasMe Vosfus mediatis; Zyg Zygomaticus.

HORSE » ANATOMY 115

BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; BiFemSH Biceps femoris, short head; Brcph

Brachiocephalicus; Delt Deltoid; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor

digito-rum communis; EDLat Extensor digitodigito-rum lateralis; FCR Flexor carpi radialis;

FCU-HH Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head; FCU-UH Flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnarhead;

FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; GasLa

Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastronecmius, medial head; GluMe Gluteus

medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; PecTr Pectoralis transversus;

Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Stend Semitendinosus; SusLi

Suspensory ligament; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TriLa TWceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Tr/ceps bratM, /on# /;ead; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vosfus lateralis.

116 HORSE » ANATOMY

BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Del Re Deltoid,

rear portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; ExAbO External abdominal oblique;

GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superflcialis; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo

Latissimus dorsi; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; NuLig Nuchal ligament;

Omotr Omotransversarius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus

ven-tralis cervicis; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Subcl Subclavius; Supra Supraspinatus; Temp Temporalis; Trap Trapezius; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head.

HORSE > PHOTOGRAPHS 117

118 HORSE + CROSS SECTIONS

drawing not to ccross sectinons after ellenberoter

HORSE + CROSS SECTIONS 119

Adduc Adductor; Bleep Biceps brachii; BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head;

BiFemSH Biceps femoris, short head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus;

C2 Second cervical vertebra; C6 Sixth cervical vertebra; Corac Coracobrachialis;

ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor

digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; Esoph Esophagus; ExAbO

External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris;

FD1L Flexor digit! I longus; FDLon Flexor digitorum longus; FDP Flexor digitorum

profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Fern Femur; Gastr Gastrocnemius;

GluMe Gluteus medius; Grac Gracilis; Hum Humerus; IlioC Iliocostalis cervicis;

Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Intcs Intercostals; Inttr

Intertransversarii; }ui$/Jugular vein; IA Fourth lumbar vertebra; LatDo Latissimus

dorsi; LngCa Longus capitis; LngCo Longus colli; LonAt Longissimus atlantis;

LonCa Longissimus capitis; LonCe Longissimus cervicis; Longi Longissimus; Mass

Masseter; MePte /Wed/o/ pterygoid; MetcL lorge metacarpal; MetcS Sma//

metacarpal; MettL /.orge metatarsal; MettS Sma// metatarsal; MulCe Multifidus

cervicis; Mult Multifidus; NuLig /Vuc/70/ ligament; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; PecAs Pectoralis ascen-dens; PecDe Pectoralis descenascen-dens; Pert Pectineus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus;

PerTe Peroneus tertius; Rad Radius; RecAb flecfus abdominis; RecFe flecft/s

femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; Sart Sartorius; ScalM Scalenus medius; SemCa Semispinalis capitis; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; SpiCe Spinatis cervicis; Spin Spinalis; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; SusLi Suspensory ligament; T9 W/nf/j thoracic vertebra; Ten FA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; Tib r/Wo; TibCa Tibialis caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cra-nialis; Trach Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo

Tr/ceps bracM, Jo/70 fteod; TriMe Tr/ceps brac/7/7, merf/o/ /?eod; TmAb Transversus

abdominis; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; Vasln Vfasfus intermedius; VasLa Vfasfus

/afer-a//s; VasMe Vosfc/s medialis.