excuse /Ik’skjU:z/ noun [count] A reason you give to explain why you have done something bad, or why you have not done something that you should have done: nguyên cớ, lý do excuse for:
Trang 1Từ vựng chủ đề: ALL WORK AND NO PLAY
1 READING
1 relax /rI’lAks/ verb
1 [intransitive] to rest and allow yourself to become calm: thư giãn
Just sit down and try to relax for half an hour
2 [transitive] to make rules, controls, conditions, etc less strict: giảm nhẹ, buông
lỏng
We could relax the procedure slightly in your case
relaxation /,ri:lAk’seISn/ noun:
1 [count or uncount]: an activity or situation that makes it possible for you to rest
and enjoy yourself: sự nghỉ ngơi, sự giải trí
Fishing is his favorite relaxation
2 [uncount] the process of making rules, controls, conditions, etc more relaxed: sự
nới lỏng
relaxation of: the relaxation of travel restrictions
relaxed /rI’lAkst/ adjective
a relaxed smile, a relaxed style of teaching
relaxing /rI’lAksIN/ adjective
a long relaxing bath
2 go by phrasal verb[intransitive]
If time goes by, it passes: (thời gian) trôi qua
3 chore /tSc:r/ noun [count]
an ordinary job that must be done regularly: việc vặt thường ngày
household domestic chores
4 unwind /Vn’waInd/ (past tense and past participle unwound /…/) verb
1 [intransitive] INFORMAL to begin to relax after you have been working hard or
feeling nervous: nghỉ ngơi, thư giản
Reading is a good way to unwind
2 [intransitive or transitive] to become straighter or looser after being wrapped
around something else, or to make something do this: tháo ra, trải ra
She slowly unwound the scarf from around her neck
5 get together phrasal verb [intransitive]
If people meet together, they meet in order to do something or to spend time together: họp mặt
He got together with some friends to plan a party for her
get-together noun [count]
an informal social occasion: cuộc họp mặt, cuộc gặp gỡ
We’re having a little get-together to celebrate David’s promotion
6 instrument /’InstrCmCnt/ coun [count]
Trang 21 A tool or piece of equipment used in science, medicine, or technology: dụng cụ
scientific instruments such as microscopes
2 A musical instrument, for example a guitar or a piano
Do you play an instrument?
7 flavor /’fleIvC(r)/ noun
1 [count]the particular taste that food or drink has: hương vị
have a flavor: The drink has a strong citrus flavor
2 [uncount] a pleasant or strong taste: mùi vị
add flavor: Add flavor to your meal by using more herbs and garlic
flavor /’fleIvC(r)/ verb [transitive]
To add something to food or drink that changes it taste: cho gia vị, thêm gia vị
Meat is strongly flavored with pepper
flavoring /’fleIvCrIN/ noun [count or uncount]
A substance added to food or drink to give it a special flavor: đồ gia vị, hương liệu
lemon/chocolate flavoring
8 excuse /Ik’skjU:z/ noun [count]
A reason you give to explain why you have done something bad, or why you have not done something that you should have done: nguyên cớ, lý do
excuse for: What excuse did they give for the delay?
an excuse to do something: Emily was glad of an excuse to change the subject have an excuse: Joe was late, but as always he had an excuse
make/give an excuse: He made some excuse about having a lot of work to do excuse /Ik’skjU:z / verb [transitive]
To forgive someone for something bad they have done, especially something that
is very not serious: thứ lỗi cho ai/ việc gì
excuse someone for (doing) something: I hope you’ll excuse us for leaving so early excuse me? (Spoken)
1 used for politely getting someone’s attention:
Excuse me, do you know what time it is?
2 used for showing you are sorry for interrupting someone:
Excuse me, but there’s a phone call for you
3 AMERICAN used for asking someone to repeat something:
“How old are you?” “Excuse me?”
9 socialize /’sCUSClaIz / verb [intransitive]
To spend time with other people socially, for example at a party: hòa mình, hòa nhập, xã hội hóa
He never socializes with people from work
recent immigrants to the country who are not fully socialized
socialization /,sCUSClaI’zeISn/ noun [uncount]
The process in which people, especially young people, learn to behave in a way that is accepted by society: sự hộ nhập
social /’sCUSCl/ adjective
Trang 3relating to society or to people’s lives in generall: liên quan đến xã hội, thuộc về
xã hội
social justice/ change/ conditions
society /sC’saICtI / noun [uncount]
people in general living together in organized communities, with laws and
traditions controlling the way they behave toward one another: xã hội
Society has to be prepared to support its elderly people
10 take it easy
1 INFORMAL to rest and not do things that will make you tired (=relax)
2 SPOKEN used for telling someone to be calm when they are upset or annoyed
3 SPOKEN used for saying goodbye to someone
4 LISTENING
11 present /’prezCnt/ noun
1[count] something that you give to someone, for example to celebrate a special
occasion such as a birthday: GIFT: tặng phẩm
wedding/birthday/Christmas present: I’m going to buy a wedding present for
Chris and Karen
wrap a present (=cover it in special paper): Yuki was wrapping a present for
her mother
2 the present the period of time that is happening now: hiện tại
We must learn to live in the present, not in the past
at present: now
At present, the outlook for any kind of negotiated solution appears bleak
for the present used for saying that something exists or happens in the period
of time happening now but may not be permanent:
It was useless to talk about it any more, at least for the present
12 present /’prezCnt / adjective
1[only before noun] existing or happening now: hiện thời
The present situation cannot be allowed to continue
the present day (=now): the history of Jamestown from the 17th century to the
present day
2 [never before noun] at an event, or in a place: có mặt
I wasn’t present when Dr Allott examined Clare
present at: Among those present at the ceremony were Michael Sandel and
Carolyn Ewing
present in: Both kinds of nucleic acid are present in all cells
presently /’prezCntlI / adverb
1 OLD-FASHIONED soon: sớm, ngay chốc lát
He’ll be with you presently
2 FORMAL at the present time: hiện thời
Presently, Rachel is heading our research group
Trang 4
13 present /prI’zent/ verb
1 [transitive] to give something to someone formally or officially: trao tặng present someone with something: We are very pleased to have been presented
with this prestigious award
present something to someone: Finally the Mayor presented the medals to the
winners
2 [transitive] to offer something for people to consider or judge: trình bày
The commission presented its report in October
present something to someone: Barnes subsequently presented the case to a
meeting of the joint subcommittee
3 [transitive] to show something such as a passport to someone in an official
position so that they can check it: đưa ra
present something to someone: He presented his passport to the guard for
inspection
4 [transitive] to cause something such as a problem, threat, or opportunity: đặt ra,
bộc lộ
It was argued that the group’s activities presented a threat to national security
present someone with something: Despite its free-market reforms, the
country still presents foreign investors with a challenge
present a problem/difficulty: The task should present no difficulty for
someone with her experience
5 [transitive] to introduce someone formally to someone else, especially to an
important person: giới thiệu
Miss Abbott, may I present the author Anne Rice?
present someone to someone: They hovered around, hoping to be presented to
the celebrities
presentation /,prIzen’teISn/ noun [count]
1 [count] a formal talk in which you describe or explain something to a group of
people: buổi diễn thuyết, thuyết trình
make/give a presentation (on something): I’m going to ask you each to make
a very short presentation
2 [count] a performance of a play or other entertainment: buổi biểu diễn
a two-hour presentation of Charlotte Brontë’s classic tale of love
14 outside /,CUt’saId/ function word
1 [adjective] not inside a building, not within a particular group or organization:
bên ngòai
an outside toilet
We will need outside before we can finish
2 [preposition]
You can park your car outside our house
The matter is outside my area of responsibility
3 [adverb] moving or looking out of somewhere
I walked over to the window and looked outside
Let’s go outside and sit in the sun
Trang 515 treadmill /’tredmIl/ noun
[count] a piece of exercise equipment with a flat moving surface that you walk
or run on while staying in the same place: máy chạy bộ
16 get out phrasal verb
1 [intransitive] to go to different places and spend time enjoying yourself:
We don’t get out much, since we have a young baby
2 [intransitive] used for telling someone to leave:
The teacher screamed at him to get out
get out of: Get out of my house!
3 [transitive] to remove something that is inside or mixed with something else:
I washed the shirt twice, but I couldn’t get the stain out
get something out of something: Mike got a sliver of glass out of Jenny’s toe
17 outdoor /’CUt,dc:r/ adjective [only before noun]
1 done outside: ngòai trời, ở ngòai
outdoor activities such as walking and camping
outdoor pursuits
2 designed for or used outside, especially when camping, walking, etc.:
outdoor clothing/equipment
3 existing outside: OPEN-AIR:
an outdoor swimming pool/market
— opposite: INDOOR
outdoors /,Cut’dc:rz/ adverb: not in a building: OUTSIDE:
Their cat lives mainly outdoors
— opposite INDOORS
18 sale /seIl/ noun
1 [count or uncount] the process of selling goods or services for money: việc bán
hàng
sale of: a prohibition on the sale of arms
make/lose a sale: I’m willing to lower the price in order to make a sale
2 sales [plural] the total number of things that a company sells within a particular
period of time, or the money it earns by selling things: lượng bán được
We hope to increase sales this year to $50 million
Sales are up for the month of May
3 the activity of trying to sell products or services:
I’ve been in car sales for five years now
for sale: available for people to buy: để bán
That particular item is not for sale
on sale
1 available for people to buy: có bán
Tickets for the performance are on sale at the box office
2 AMERICAN available for people to buy at a price that is less than the usual price British on offer: bán giảm giá
Bedding usually goes on sale in January
Trang 619 graphic design /’grefIk dI’zaIn/ noun
[uncount] the art of designing pictures and TEXT for magazines,
advertisements, etc.: thiết kế đồ hoạ
graphic designer: noun [count]
7 READING
20 nonstop /,nOn’stOp/ adjective
1 continuing without a pause: liên tục
nonstop entertainment from noon to midnight
2 going directly from one place to another: không dừng chặng nào
a nonstop flight from New York to Paris
nonstop adverb
We danced nonstop for about an hour
21 meteorology /,.mi:tIC’rOlCdZI/ noun [uncount]
the scientific study of weather: khí tượhg học
meteorologist /,.mi:tIC’rOlCdZIst / noun [count]: nhà khí tượng học
meteorological /,.mi:tICrC’lOdZIkl / adjective
22 keep an eye on
to take care of someone or something: để mắt tới, trông chừng
Will you keep an eye on things here until I get back?
23 observation /,ObzCr’veISn/ noun
1 [uncount] the process of watching someone or something carefully, in order to
find something out: sự theo dõi, sự quan sát
She’s been admitted to the hospital for observation
observation of: a detailed observation of the birds that visited the garden
2 under observation: being watched carefully by doctors or police officers
She remains under observation at a psychiatric facility
3 [uncount] the ability to notice things: khả năng quan sát
powers of observation: Most children have great powers of observation
4 [uncount] the practice of obeying a law, rule, or custom: sự tuân thủ (qui tắc,
luật lệ,…)
observation of: the observation of religious customs
observational adjective
observe / Cb’zE:v / verb
1 [transitive] FORMAL to notice someone doing something or something
happening: quan sát, theo dõi
Similar trends may be observed in most modern societies
observe that: James had already observed that she was not listening
observe someone/something doing something: I observed him putting the
watch into his pocket
2 [transitive] to accept and obey something such as a rule or an agreement: tuân
thủ (qui tắc, luật lệ,…)
Trang 7The proper procedures must be strictly observed
Rebel forces say they will no longer observe the peace agreement
observer noun [count]
24 report /rI’pc:t / verb
1 [transitive] to produce an official statement or written document about a
particular subject, especially after studying it carefully: báo cáo
The committee will report the results of its investigation tomorrow
2 [transitive] to tell someone in authority about a crime, something dangerous,
etc.: từơng trình
Passers-by reported smoke coming from the abandoned factory
report something to someone: If you see anything suspicious, you must report
it to the appropriate authorities
report doing something: Witnesses reported hearing a loud noise before the
airplane crashed
3 [intransitive or transitive] to give information about something in a news article
or broadcast: tường thuật
The story was reported differently on every channel
report on: Three CNN journalists were sent to report on the conflict
report that: Our sources have reported that the president had lost control of the
country
report: noun
1 [count] a spoken summary or written document that gives information about a
particular subject, situation, or event: bản báo cáo, bản tường trình
According to the police report, the victim died of a knife wound
the company’s annual report
report on: We have to write a short report on the conference
2 [count] a piece of information about an event, that may or may not be true: bản
tin
report of: We’re getting reports of a fresh outbreak of fighting in the region report that: The hospital refused to confirm reports that the nurses are
considering a strike
reporter /rI’pc:tCr/ noun
[count] someone whose job is to write articles or make broadcasts about events
in the news: JOURNALIST: phóng viên
SYNONYMS report » description » story » account
» version
Trang 8These are all words for a written or spoken account of events
» report a written or spoken account of an event, especially one that is published or
broadcast: Are these newspaper reports true?
» description a piece of writing or speech that says what sb / sth is like: The catalogue
gives a full description of each product
» story an account, often spoken, of what happened to sb or of how st happened; a report
of events in a newspaper, magazine or news broadcast: It was many years before the full story was made public
» account a written or spoken description of st that has happened: She gave the police a
full account of the incident
A report is always of recent events, especially news An account may be of recent or
past events
» version a description of an event from the point of view of a particular person or group
of people: She gave us her version of what had happened that day.»
25 idea /aI’dIC/ noun
1 [count] a thought that you have about how to do something or how to deal with
something: ý nghĩ, ý tưởng
What a brilliant idea!
idea for: an idea for a new TV show
have an idea: Then I had an idea: We could stay with Mark
get an idea for something: Where do you get the ideas for your stories?
have /get the idea of doing something: Then she got the idea of sending the
poems to a publisher
2 [singular or uncount] information or knowledge that you have about something:
ý niệm, khái niệm, sự hiểu biết qua
idea of: I had only a basic idea of how the machine worked
have no idea (=not know at all): They had no idea what time they were
supposed to arrive
26 come and go
1 to arrive at a place and then leave it:
The woman in the apartment downstairs has people coming and going at all hours
2 to be present or happen for a limited time and then stop:
The pain in my leg comes and goes
(Chân tôi bị đau rồi lại khỏi.)
Governments come and go but does anything really change?
(Các chính phủ thành lập rồi lại suy tàn nhưng thật sự có thay đổi gì không?)
27 loft /lOft/ noun
[count] a space under the roof of a building, often used for storing things: gác xếp
Trang 928 up /Vp/ B function word
Up can be used in the following ways:
as an adverb:
Their voices could be heard up in our room
Mary looked up at him
I stood up
as a preposition:
He climbed up the steps
I set off up the road
as an adjective:
the up escalator
after the verb “to be”:
He was up early the next morning
Food prices are up
I knew something was up
1 in or toward a higher / upright position
Could you help me carry this old trunk up to the attic?
The dog stopped with its ears up and nose twitching
2 moving near to someone/something moving near to someone or something and
then stopping
One of the salespeople came up and asked if she could help
up to: Two women ran up to us, shouting in Spanish
Just go up to him and say hello
3 when an amount increases
Total new car sales were up $3 million over last year
go up: Early last month, fuel prices went up by 3 percent
4 not in bed awake and out of bed
We were up bright and early the next morning
Get up! It’s almost 10:00
I was up till midnight preparing the presentation
29 night shift /naIt SIft/ noun
1 [count] the period of time that people work at night, instead of working during
the day: ca đêm
— opposite DAY SHIFT (DAY)
be on the night shift: Dan’s on the night shift
2 [singular] the people who work during the night
30 volunteer /,vOlVn’tICr/ noun
1 [count] someone who offers to do something without being forced: tình nguyện viên, người xung phong
Can I have a volunteer to erase the chalkboard, please?
volunteer for: Doctors need 50 healthy volunteers for the diet
volunteer verb
Trang 10[intransitive] to offer or choose to do something without being forced: tình nguyện
volunteer to do something: An accountant volunteered to help with the wildlife
sanctuary’s accounts
volunteer for: Thirty-two patients volunteered for the research study
voluntary /’vOlCntrI/ adjective
1 a voluntary action is done because you choose to do it, and not because you have to: tình nguyện
an attractive package to encourage voluntary early retirement
The advertising of alcoholic drinks is regulated by a voluntary code
— opposite MANDATORY
voluntarily /’vOlCntrClI / adverb
Did he do it voluntarily, or did you make him?
31 range /reIndZ/ noun
[count] a number of different things that are of the same general type: loại
a wide range of: đủ loại
We stock a wide range of office furniture
8 IN CONVERSATION
32 delicious /dI’lISCs/ adjective: with a very pleasant taste or smell: thơm, ngon
This sauce is delicious with fish or vegetables
The fruit tasted delicious
absolutely/simply/quite delicious: The cheese is soft and white and absolutely
delicious
deliciously adverb
a deliciously creamy dessert
33 mind /maInd / verb
1 [intransitive or transitive usually in negatives or questions] to feel annoyed,
upset, or unhappy about something: phản đối, cảm thấy phiền lòng
I don’t mind the heat (=the heat is not a problem to me)
not mind somebody doing something: I wouldn’t mind him staying if he
helped around the house
mind if: Do you mind if we use my car tonight?
not mind doing something: I don’t mind going if no one else wants to
2 [transitive] AMERICAN to obey someone, especially a parent or teacher: vâng
lời
You’d better mind me, or you’re going to your room!
do you mind? or if you don’t mind SPOKEN used for getting someone’s permission
to do something
Do you mind?! I was sitting there!
If you don’t mind, I’d rather we wait until tomorrow
would you mind used for asking politely for something
would you mind doing something: Would you mind closing that window?