Chú ý: Nếu trong câu bị động không có chủ thế O gây ra hành động thì ta phải bám vào động từ, ý nghĩa của động từ để tìm ra chủ thể Eg: The test was marked yesterday => The teacher marke[r]
Trang 1- Eg: The cat killed the mouse
- Diễn tả hành động nội tại của người nói hayngười thực hiện nó
- Không cần có tân ngữ trực tiếp đi kèm theo.Nếu có thì phải có giới từ đi trước và cụm này
sẽ đóng vai trò là trạng ngữ chứ không phải tânngữ trực tiếp
- Eg: Birds flyShe walks in the garden
I NGUYÊN TẮC BIẾN ĐỔI: chỉ biến đổi câu chủ động thành câu bị động khi nó là ngoại động từ
B1: Xác định S và V.
B2: Chuyển O của câu CĐ thành S của câu BĐ Nếu trong câu có 2 O thì ta có thể chuyển thành
2 câu BĐ nhưng thường dùng O chỉ người để chuyển
B3: Chia dạng của "TO BE" cho thích hợp với S mới Thì, dạng của "To be" chính bằng thì,
dạng của V chính trong câu CĐ
B4: V thường đưa về dạng P2
B5: Các thành phần khác của câu giữ nguyên
B6: Nếu cần nhấn mạnh chủ thể gây ra hành động thì ta để nó sau giới từ "By" Nếu sau "By" là
các đối tượng chung chung, đại từ phiếm chỉ thì bỏ: they, we, he, she, people, someone, everyone,anyone,
Chú ý:
* Nếu trong câu CĐ có các V là phrasal verb (cụm động từ) = V + prep thì giới từ phải được giữnguyên trong câu BĐ (luôn đi cùng V)
Eg: - To be covered with/ in N: che phủ, bao bọc (N chỉ chất liệu)
- To be filled with: lấp đầy, tràn đầy
- Sb/ sth surprise sb => sb + to be + surprised at/ by + sth/sb
- To be worried/ upset about sth: lo lắng, đau khổ
- Sb/ sth interest sb => sb + to be + interested in sth/sb
- Sb/ sth tire sb => sb + to be + tired of/ from sb/sth: chán sth (mệt mỏi bởi sth)
* Nếu chủ thể hành động trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng by, nếu gián tiếp thì dùng with Eg: The bird was shot with the gun.
The bird was shot by the hunter.
* Nếu câu có “No” đứng đầu, đổi câu bình thường
II VỚI CÂU HỎI
1 YES – NO QUESTION.
Did they tell you the news?
B1: Đổi câu hỏi thành câu kể They told you the news
B2: Đổi câu kể thành câu bị động You were told the news
Trang 2B3: Đổi câu bị động thành câu hỏi Were you told the news?
2 WH-QUESTION: thực hiện các bước biến đổi như với yes – no question nhưng có thêm bước 4
B4: Đặt từ để hỏi vào đầu câu
S + have/ has/ had + Ved/ P II => S + have/ has/ had + BEEN + Ved/ P II
4 Động từ khuyết thiếu (can, may, must, should, ought to ) và to be going to, will.
S + can/ may/ will/ + V => S + can/ may/ will/ + BE + Ved/ P II
III CÁC DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT CỦA CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
- It is said that sports play an important
- Sports are said to play an im portant
- Open your book
- Don't take off your shoes
(Don't/ doesn't) Let sth be + P2
- Let your book be opened
- Don't let your shoes taken offCâu mệnh lệnh
- Close your book
- Don't touch this button
Sb/ sth must (not) be P2
- Your book must be closed
- This button must not be touchedBegin/ continue
- People begin to explore the internet
O begin(s) to be P2
- The internet begin to be exploredLike/ Love/ Expect/ Want/ Wish to do sth
- He likes to take away the book
Like/ Love/ Expect/ Want/ Wish sth to be done
- He likes the books to be taken awayLike/ Love/ Expect/ Want/ Wish sb to do sth
- They expect their son to sell this house
Like/ Love/ Expect/ Want/ Wish sth to be done
- They expect the house to be sold by their son Like/ Love/ Expect/ Want/ Wish sb to do O1 sth
- He likes people to call him Professor
Like/ Love/ Expect/ Want/ Wish to be done
- He likes to be called Professor
Trang 3advisable/ better/ only right to do sth
- It is necessary to repaint the house
advisable/ better/ only right that sth should bedone
It is necessary that the door should be repaintedAdvise/ Beg/ Urge/ Order/ Agree/ Arrange/
Determine/ Decide/ Demand/ Be anxious/ Be
determined/ sb to do sth
- I advised her to make artificial flowers
- We agreed to cut the cake in half
Advise/ Beg/ Urge/ Order/ Agree/ Arrange/Determine/ Decide/ Demand/ Be anxious/ Bedetermined that sth should be done
- I advised that artificial flowers should be made
- We agreed the cake should be cut in half Insist on/ Suggest/ Propose/ Recommend/
Advise + V-ing + O
- She suggested taking photographs by the lake
Insist on/ Suggest/ Propose/ Recommend/Advise that sth should be done
- She suggested that photographs should betaken by the lake
Tell/ Ask/ Order sb to do sth
Pay sb for doing sth
Get/ Hire/ Employ sb to do sth
Arrange for sb to do sth
Tip sb for doing sth
Prepare for sb to do sth
Have sb do sthHave/ Get sth done
Love/ Enjoy/ Like/ Hate/ Mind people V-ing O
- I love people admiring me
- I love people admiring my house
Love/Enjoy/Like/ Hate/ Mind BEING P2 (S=O)Love/ Enjoy/ Like/ Hate/ Mind having sth done(S#O)
- I love being admired
- I love having my house admired
IV NGUYÊN TẮC BIẾN ĐỔI BỊ ĐỘNG SANG CHỦ ĐỘNG
B1: Tìm chủ thể (O) gây ra hành động
B2: Chuyển động từ (V) bị động sang động từ (V)chủ động theo chủ ngữ (S) mới
B3: Các thành phần khác của câu vẫn giữ nguyên
Chú ý: Nếu trong câu bị động không có chủ thế (O) gây ra hành động thì ta phải bám vào động
từ, ý nghĩa của động từ để tìm ra chủ thể
Eg: The test was marked yesterday
=> The teacher marked the test yesterday
A new traffic law has just been passed
=> The Government has just passed a new
Trang 5II PASSIVE ON PRESENT AND PAST CONTINUOUS
S + be + V-ing => S + be + BEING + Ved/ PII
1 He is playing video games at the moment
III PASSIVE ON PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:
S + have/ has/ had + Ved/ PII => S + have/ has/ had + BEEN + Ved/ PII
Trang 61 We have discussed the matter all day long
IV PASSIVE ON FUTURE TENSE AND MODAL VERBS
S + can/ may/ will/ + V => S + can/ may/ will/ + BE + Ved/ PII
1 He will invite you to the party
Trang 77 They will do that work
Trang 8VI SPECIAL PASSIVE
1 People know that English is an international language
Trang 96 They considered that he was their father.
Trang 10-> ………-> ………
29 People expect that the third bridge will be built over the Bosphorus Strait
-> ………-> ………
30 People believe that he is living abroad
-> ………-> ………
31 People expect that taxes will be reduced soon
-> ………-> ………
32 People say that the monument is over 2000 years old
-> ………-> ………
33 People expect that the president will resign
-> ………-> ………
34 People think the fire started at about 8 o’clock
-> ………-> ………
35 Journalists reported that seven people had been injured in the fire
-> ………-> ………
36 People say the bridge is unsafe
-> ………-> ………
37 People say that the actress Tania Revesky has refused a part in the film Volcano.-> It is said ………-> The actress Tania Revesky ………
38 Her friends have reported that the newsreader Ann Slater is furious at losing her job.-> It ………-> The newsreader Ann Slater ………
39 Lots of people believe that The Prime Minister and his wife are getting divorced.-> It ………-> The Prime Minister and his wife ………
40 Journalists have said that The footballer Gary Johnson earns $ 1 million a year.-> It ………-> The footballer Gary Johnson ………
Trang 11GENERAL EXERCISE Change the following sentences into passive voice
1 She didn’t introduce me to her mother
Trang 1355 My friends are making some phone calls in the evening
Trang 14-> ………101.Noone has talked for me that work
-> ………102.Someone has already told him to report to the hedmaster tomorrow
-> ………103.They can think that it will rain tomorrow
-> ………104.People think that Lan is living near here
-> ………105.they think that she is hiding in the forest
-> ………106.They break the glass into small pieces
Trang 15-> ………107.Wash the glass with a detergent liquid
-> ………108.People speak English over the world
-> ………109.Ms.Linh teaches us how to speak English properly
-> ………110.Somebody cleans the room everyday
-> ………111.The milkman brings bottles of milk to houses
-> ………112.They don't use this house very often
-> ………113.The match excited the children
-> ………114.We'll continue to see this phone
-> ………115.They began to plant rubber trees long ago
-> ………116.People can continue to enjoy cocacola
-> ………117.American people has just begun to love football
-> ………118.They are beginning to rebuilt the building
-> ………119.The milkman brings milks to my door but the postman leaves my letters in the hall.-> ………120.You can't wash this You must dry-clean it
-> ………121.Noone has ever taught him to drive
-> ………122.Noone has done this
-> ………123.It was impossible to unlock the door
-> ………124.Don't copy your friend's test
-> ………125.They have begun to make their own clothes
-> ………126.Snow has covered all the trees
-> ………127.Nothing interests her more than reading
-> ………128.We didn't find the dog everywhere
-> ………129.I wish people to obey traffic regulation
-> ………130.They love people to choose them
-> ………131.He expected someone to meet him at the station
Trang 16-> ………132.She wishes someone to carry her suitcase to the hotel.
-> ………133.We want you to return our books intime
-> ………134.The girls likes someone to take her to the zoo
-> ………135.It's everyone's duty to keep the environment clean
-> ………136.It's her duty to make tea in the morning
-> ………137.It's your duty to plant trees around the classroom
-> ………138.It's their duty to help us
-> ………139.You need to see it to believe it
-> ………140.He likes people to call him "Sir"
-> ………141.They are going to get married
-> ………142.They reported that the man killed his wife
-> ………143.It is impossible to solve the matter
-> ………144.Sand covered the Statue of Liberty
-> ………145.What surprised him was her death
-> ………146.Boys of sixteen to eighteen are to man this training trip
-> ………147.They haven't done much
-> ………148.It is your duty to do the homework
-> ………149.Most people here have seen that film for several times
-> ………150.I saw him fall down
-> ………151.The doctor is taking care of the patients now
-> ………152.I saw you while you’re driving a car
-> ………153.Her mother called a doctor when she was ill
-> ………154.No students are doing the exercises in the classroom
-> ………155.I’ll wait for you outside your office
-> ………156.She didn’t do her homework yesterday
Trang 17-> ………157.People don’t study English in a short time.
-> ………158.People grow rice in tropical countries
-> ………159.I couldn’t see her at school
-> ………160.We haven’t written to him since 1990
-> ………161.Nobody will help you with that work
-> ………162.Why did you elect me the leader?
-> ………163.Which country invented the ballpoint pen?
-> ………164.Did Wright brothers build the first plane in 1903?
-> ………165.Is your mother cooking a dinner meal?
-> ………166.Can I find the key on the shelf?
-> ………167.Why didn’t you lock the door?
-> ………168.Mrs Smith can lend you her book after her friend returns it to her
-> ………169.You must do your homework carefully
-> ………170.Women often do chores everyday
-> ………171.Alexander Bain invented the facsimile in 1843
-> ………172.Someone will blow a whistle if there is an emergency
-> ………173.We have to improve all the schools in the city
-> ………174.They haven’t built two new department stores this year
-> ………175.They aren’t using the road at the moment
-> ………176.He asked us many difficult questions
-> ………177.We will grow lots of trees in the parks
-> ………178.People have just introduced a new style of jeans in the U.S.A
-> ………179.Vietnamese people usually make sticky rice at Tet festival
-> ………180.The scientists are carrying out an important experiment
-> ………181.She makes cheese from milk
Trang 18-> ………182.When I came, he was repairing his computer.
-> ………183.They dry the beans in the sun
-> ………184.Mr Ba grows vegetables in his small field
-> ………185.The librarian arranges the books in to the sections
-> ………186.I learn English everyday
-> ………187.The teacher explains the lesson
-> ………188.The doctor examined the patients
-> ………189.He gave her back the money last Sunday
-> ………190.The boys broke the window
-> ………191.My mother wrote that letter
-> ………192.Ba invited Liz to the rice- cooking festival
-> ………193.My mother has made that cake
-> ………194.Somebody has taken some of my books away
-> ………195.They have built a new bus stop near my house
-> ………196.People have used the pens for many years
-> ………197.We haven’t finished our homework yet
-> ………198.The children are decorating the sitting-room
-> ………199.The police is questioning him about the stolen goods
-> ………200.The foreman is showing the students around the factory
-> ………201.Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife
-> ………202.The mechanic is repairing Ba’s bike
-> ………203.She was doing her homework at that time
-> ………204.They were cleaning the floor when I arrived
-> ………205.The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan
-> ………206.People were painting the posters when we came
Trang 19-> ………207.They will hold the meeting before May Day.
-> ………208.I will translate the instructions into French
-> ………209.My friend can answer this question
-> ………210.They must do something before it’s too late
-> ………211.They may use this room for the class
-> ………212.People can’t make tea with cold water
-> ………213.People speak English all over the world
-> ………214.You must do this work right away
-> ………215.She sold her house last year
-> ………216.We will meet him at the airport
-> ………217.Somebody has taken my briefcase
-> ………218.They plant rice in that country
-> ………219.He is asking me a lot of questions
-> ………220.You should open the wine about an hour before using it
-> ………221.They performed Christmas songs for people in town
-> ………222.My mother is cooking the food in the kitchen
-> ………223.They should build a bridge across the river
-> ………224.Someone is using the computer at the moment
-> ………225.Someone repaired her car yesterday
-> ………226.People must not leave their bikes in the hall
-> ………227.They has packed the books
-> ………228.Someone has already paid the electrician for his work
-> ………229.They taught him French and gave him a dictionary
-> ………230.When we first met, they had already offered me a job at the bank
-> ………231.A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting
Trang 20-> ………232.A young woman asked the rest of us to be there at eight o’clock.
-> ………233.They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation
-> ………234.Who wrote it?
-> ………235.The author has written a special edition for children
-> ………236.Did the idea interest you?
-> ………237.Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?
-> ………238.The burglars had cut a huge hole in the steel door
-> ………239.The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month
-> ………240.When did they ring the church bells?
-> ………241.Does listening to music disturb you?
-> ………242.It is believed that the wanted man is living in New York
-> ………243.It is said that many people are homeless after the floods
-> ………244.It is expected that the government will lose this election
-> ………245.It is known that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law
-> ………246.It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window
-> ………247.It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall
-> ………248.It is claimed that he drove through the town at 90 miles an hour
-> ………249.It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident
-> ………250.It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion
-> ………251.It is believed that Maria will not win the prize
-> ………252.It is considered that the 2008 Olimpic Games will be held in Turkey
-> ……….253.It is said that our teacher is 55 years old
-> ……….254.It is thought that Tom didn’t steal their rings
-> ……….255.It is claimed that this examination will be the most difficult one
-> ……….256.It is believed that John will marry Ann at the end of this month