Reported speech: Dùng để tường thuật lại một lời nói S + said/ told that S + trợ ĐT + V + O say to someone # tell someone lùi về một thì Dùng để tường thuật lại một yêu cầu, đề nghị,[r]
Trang 1PHẦN I : NGỮ PHÁP ƠN THI ANH 9
I TENSES ( CÁC THÌ )
1
HTĐ
1 To be: S + am/is/are +
2 ĐT thường :
+) S + Vbare /Vs/ es +
-) S + don't/doesn't + Vbare
?) Do/ Does + S + Vbare ?
- always, usually, often, seldom, rarely, scarcely, never, sometimes, regularly, - every + N (t/g):every day, every week, every month, … - số lần + N (t/g): once a week, twice a month, three times a year, … How often;
Hành động sự thật, thĩi quen; Động từ chỉ cảm giác, nhận thức, sở hữu ta luơn dùng ở thì đơn, chứ khơng được dùng thì tiếp diễn
2
HTTD S+ am/is/are +not + Ving + S+ am/is/are + Ving +
Is / Are +S + Ving +… ?
now, right now, at present, at this time, at this moment; today
- Đầu câu cĩ: Listen!; Look! Be quiet ! Hurry up!
- Trả lời cho câu hỏi: Where +tobe + S ?
- S + tobe + becoming/ getting + so sánh hơn
- S + tobe + always + V-ing => phàn nàn, than phiền
3
HTHT
+) S + has/have +Vpp +….
-) S + have/ has +not + Vpp
?) Have/ Has+ S + Vpp + ?
( Vpp = Ved / V cột 3 )
- just, recently, lately, already, before, ever, until now, so far, never* - số lần: once, twice, three times, several times, …
- since + mốc thời gian ( HTHT + since + QKĐ )
- for + khoảng t/g: for two hours, for a month, for a long time, for ages, …… - not … yet - how long………… ?
- Hành động đã xảy ra , nhưng khơng cĩ thời gian cụ thể
4
QKĐ
1 To be: S +was/were +…….
2 V thường: S + V2/Ved +…
-) S + didn't + V bare
?) Did + S + Vbare ?
-yesterday, in the past - since + S + V (QKĐ)
- last + N (t/g) : last night, last week, last month, last year,….
- t/g + ago : two days ago, three months ago, a year ago,…
- in + t/g QK: in 2001, in 1996, in 1975,…
5
QKTD
+) S + was/were + Ving + …
-) S +was/ were + not + Ving
?) Was/ Were + S + Ving ?
- at + t/g QK, at this time + t/g QK, at that moment.
- from to + t/g QK
- QKĐ / QKTD + while + QKTD ; QKTD + when + QKĐ
6 TLĐ
S + will/shall +Vbare + …
S + will/shall +not + Vbare
will/shall + S + Vbare + ….?
( won't = will not )
tomorrow, after tomorrow, in the future; soon; later, someday
- next + N (t/g): next week, next month, next year,….
- in + t/g TL: in 2010, 2012,… Đầu câu cĩ: Don't worry!
* TLĐ + when / until / till / as soon as + HTĐ S1 + hope/ think/ promise ( hứa ) + S 2 + TLĐ
7 TLG S + be + going to + Vbare
S + be +not+going to +Vbare
Be + S + going to + Vbare ?
( be = is / am/ are )
- - tomorrow, after tomorrow, in the future;
- next + N (t/g): next week, next month, next year,….
- This + t/g tương lai;
Diễn tả dự định, kế hoạch trong tương lai hoặc dự đốn
II REPORTED SPEECH ( CÂU GIÁN TIẾP )
1 Ttường thuật lại một lời nĩi: S + said/ told ( that ) S + ( trợ ĐT) + V + O
( say to + O # tell + O ) lùi về một thì
2 Dùng để tường thuật lại một yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên.
S + told / asked/ advised / warned/ + O +( not) + to + V(bare)
3 Cho câu hỏi nghi vấn S + asked + O + if / whether + S + ( trợ ĐT ) + V + O
mệnh đề lùi về 1 thì
4 Câu hỏi cĩ từ để hỏi S + asked + O + wh + S + ( trợ ĐT ) + V + O
mệnh đề lùi về 1 thì
( will-> would; can -> could, is/am/are -> was/ were; have/has -> had; don’t/ doesn’t -> didn’t;
must/ have to => had to; this-> that; these => those; here -> there; now -> then; today -> that day ; tomorrow -> the following/ next day
III PASSIVE VOICE Câu bị động là câu mà chủ ngữ không làm chủ hành động
Active: S + ( Aux ) + V + O + ……
Trang 2=> Passive: S + ( Aux) + be + Pc3/ed + ( by O) + ……
1 HTĐ: -> am/is/are + VP2
2 HTTD: > am/is/are + being + Vp2
3 HTHT: > has/have + been + Vp2
4 QKĐ: -> was/were + Vp2
5 QKTD: > was/were + being + Vp2
6 QKHT: > had + been + Vp2
7 TLĐ: -> will/shall + be + Vp2
8 TLG: S + Is/ am/ are + going to + be + Vp2
9 Modal verbs:
S + ĐTKT + be + V p2 ( can/could /would/should may /might / must /ought to/ have to )
10 Ms trường hợp đặc biệt:
- used to + V1 -> used to + be + Vp2
- need + Ving / need + to be +VP2
IV “WISH” SENTENCES : Câu ước
1 C âu ước cho một điều trong tương lai :
S1 +wish / wishes + S2 + would/could + Vbare +…
2 Câu ước cho một điều ở hiện tại
S1 +wish/ wishes + S2 + V(QKBT ) +… ( be -> were : tất cả các chủ ngử )
V CONDITIONAL SENTENSES
Loại 1: Cĩ thể xay ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai : If + S +V(HTĐ) + … , S + will/can + Vbare + … Loại 2: Khơng cĩ thật ở hiện tại : If + S +V(QKBT) + … , S + would/could + Vbare + …
(be -> were)
VI RELATIVES : MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
1 WHO: thay thế cho danh từ/ đại từ chỉ người làm chủ ngử
N( người ) + who + (aux ) / V + …
2 WHOM: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm tân ngử
N( người ) + whom + S + V + …
3 WHICH: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngử hoặc tân ngử
N(vät) + which + ( S ) / V + …
4 THAT: sử dụng thay cho who, whom và which
“That” khơng dùng sau các danh từ đã rỏ nghĩa, sau dấu phẩy và giới từ
* THAT: Phải dùng sau các trường hợp sau:
a) Khi N đứng trước gồm cả người và vật
b) Khi N đứng trước cĩ các từ như: no, some, only, not, such, first, second,
c) Khi N đứng trước cĩ tính từ so sánh nhất : This is the best film that I’ve seen
5 WHOSE + N: thay thế cho tính từ sở hửu như: his, her, their, its.
VII ADVERB CLAUSE: MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ
1 BECAUSE/ AS / SINCE : bởi vì
- because / as / since + S + V + …… = because of + Ving / cụm danh từ
2 ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH: MẶC DÙ
- Though / Although/ Even though + S + V + …
- Inspite of / Despite + Ving / N phrase
3 So: nên, vì thế : Mệnh đề chính + , so + mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
VIII COMPARISON : câu so sánh
1 So sánh bằng: S1 + tobe + as + adj + as + S2 + (tobe )
S1+ V + as + adv + as + S2 + (aux )
2 So sánh hơn - adj /adv ngắn : S1 + tobe/ V + adj / adv +ER + than + S2
- adj/adv dài: S1 + tobe/ V + more + adj / adv + than + S2
3 So sánh nhất - adj/adv ngắn: S1 +tobe / V + the + adj/ adv +EST +( N ) …
- adj/adv dài: S1 +tobe/ V + the + most + adj/ adv + (N ) …
ADJ/ADV SO SÁNH BẤT QUY TẮC
Trang 31 good/well -> better -> the best
2 bad/badly -> worse -> the worst
3 many/much -> more -> the most
4 far -> farther/further -> the farthest/ the furthest
5 little -> less -> the least
4 The same as (giống với ) >< different from ( khác với).
IX Câu hỏi đuôi (Tag – Questions).
1 Let’s go to London next week, shall we ? Let’s + V(inf) , shall we?
2 You shouldn’t have told me, should you?
3 Jim hasn’t been waiting long, has he?
4 You won’t tell anyone about this, will you?
5 You’re not doing what I told you, are you?
6 Lan worked in this facrory, didn’t you?
7 George can’t drive a car, can he?
8 You’ve got to leave now, haven’t you?
9 Câu mệnh lệnh : - Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” khi diển đạt lời mời:
Take your seat, won’t you?
- Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi diển đạt lời đề nghị, y/c: - Open the door, will you?
10 Phần đuôi của “I am” là “aren’t I?”.
X SO/ SUCH : 1 S1 + tobe/ V + so + adj/adv + that +S2 + … (quá … đến nỗi mà…)
2 S1 + tobe/ V + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that …(quá … đến nỗi mà …)
XI VERB FORMS (Vbare / Vp2 / Ving / to V)
1 S + have + O(người) + Vbare … => S + have + O(vật ) + Vp2 … ( by O )
2 S + modal verb + Vbare ( can, should, must, may, might, ought to, have to, )
3 S + get + O(người) + to V … => S + get + O(vật) + Vp2 … ( by O )
5 S+ let/ make / help + O + Vbare
6 S +would like + to + V(inf) = S’d like
7 S + used to + V ( bare) # S + be/ get used to + V-ing
8 in order to/ So as to + V(inf) để / nhằm để.
9 Do you mind if I + V (bare ) ? ex Do you mind if I take some photos ?
Would you mind if I + V(QKĐ) ?
10 Sau các động từ như : want, need, decide, try, start , hope, promise + “to V”
11 S + tobe + adj + to V( inf) eg: He is stupid to do like that
12 It + tobe + adj + to V( inf )
13 S1 + tobe/ V + too +adj/adv + (for + O) + to V …( quá … để )
S1 + tobe/ V + adj/adv + enough +(for + O) + to V … (… đủ … để …)
14 S + tell/ ask/ advise/ warn + O + to V
* GERUND (Ving)
Sau các động từ như : suggest, mind, keep, go, practice, avoid, finish, admit, advise, allow, consider, call, delay, deny, fancy, feel like, imagine, involve, permit, postpone, quit, risk,
a) Sau các giới từ (at, on, of, in, by, to, for, with, without, … ): Prep + V ing
b) S + like/dislike/enjoy/ hate/ stop/love +Ving.
-S + prefer + N1/ Ving+ to + N2/ Ving
c) S + suggest + Ving
S + suggest that + S + should + V(inf)
d, Do/Would you mind + Ving ?
* IT TAKES
It +take (someone) + time + to do something = S + spend + time + doing something
* RATHER/ BETTER would rather + Vbare : thích had better + Vbare: nên
PRACTICE
1 Look! The birds ( fly ) in a very straight line
2 She usually ( wear ) Jeans, but today she ( wear ) loose pants
Trang 43 The weather ( become ) colder and colder, so I want ( buy ) one more new warm coat
4 The Red river ( flow ) to the Pacific Ocean ?
5 We ( go ) out when the rain stops
6 Typhoons usually ( occur ) in autumn in our country
7 Don't worry! We ( come ) to visit you soon
8 How long you ( know ) Miss Chi?
9 – I ( know ) her for five years
10 Your dog ever ( bite ) anyone ?
– Yes, he ( bite ) a policeman last week
11 We ( not/ see) her since we ( be ) on holiday in Ha Long bay
12 My father ( read ) now He always ( read) a book after dinner
13 A friend of my brother’s ( call ) him last night, but he ( not/ be) at home So
I (take ) a message for him
14 Are you busy this evening ?
– Yes, I ( meet ) Tuan at the library at seven We ( study) together
15 Mai ( telephone) you when she comes back
16 Phuong ( not/ finish) her homework yet
17 Would you like some coffee? I just ( make ) some
18 She ( feed ) the cat yet ?
– Yes She ( feed ) it an hour ago
19 He ( cut ) my hair too short
– Don’t worry It ( grow ) again very quickly
20 I (not/ go) out this evening I ( stay) at home
21 The film ( begin ) at 7.30 or 8.00 ?
22 You ( be ) away ?
– Yes I ( go ) to the country last Sunday
23 They just ( phone ) to say that they ( not come ) back till Friday night
24 My uncle ( not/ visit ) us since he ( move ) to the new town
25 It ( get ) hotter and hotter in June
26 The movie ( start ) at 8.15 this evening
27 We already ( finish) the first semester exams
28 We (have ) a party next Sunday Would you like ( come ) ?
29 While my sister and I ( watch ) a movie on TV lastnight, our uncle in the USA ( phone )
30 Ha Long Bay in Viet Nam ( be ) a World Heritage Site It ( visit)
by millions of people every year
31 Jim ( give ) me a nice doll last saturday
32 You ( ever/ try ) Chinese food ?
33 People ( grow ) a lot of rice in Viet Nam
34 I ( listen ) to the radio when the bell ( ring ) lastnight
35 Lan is a romantic girl She loves ( walk ) in the rain
36 Dad, I promise I ( keep ) my notebooks clean
37 You ( be ) in class 9B ? - No I ( be ) in class 9A
38 When you last ( phone ) him ? - Some weeks ago.I
39 I ( begin ) to study English when I ( be ) eight years old
40 She ( see ) this film before
41 Hurry up The bus ( come ) I (not/ want ) to miss it
42 Be quiet! The baby ( sleep )
43 I ( come ) back soon
44 He ( phone ) you later
45 Listen! Someone ( sing ) in that room
46 I ( not/ have ) a good night sleep for a long time I now
( feel ) very tired
47 This time last Monday we ( take ) the final test
Trang 548 When we last ( see ) her, she ( be ) in a good health.
49 Tom is untidy He always (leave ) his things all over the place
50 I went (swim ) with my classmates yesterday afternoon
Types of exercises : "Rewriting"
Lesson 1: Structures for rewriting + futher practice ( passive + reported speech + wish and conditional sentences )
A Grammar:
1 Passive Active: S + V + O + ……
=> Passive: S + be + P2/ed + (by O) + ……
2 Reported speech:
Dùng để tường thuật lại một lời nói S + said/ told ( that ) S + ( trợ ĐT) + V + O (
say to someone # tell someone )
lùi về một thì
Dùng để tường thuật lại một yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời khuyên.
S + told / asked/ advised / warned/ + O +( not) + to + V(bare)
Ttường thuật lại một câu hỏi nghi vấn S + asked + O + if / whether + S + ( trợ ĐT ) + V + O
mệnh đề lùi về 1 thì
Ttường thuật lại một câu hỏi có từ để hỏi S + asked + O + wh + S + ( trợ ĐT ) + V + O
mệnh đề lùi về 1 thì
3 “WISH” CLAUSE
C âu ước cho một điều trong tương lai :
S1 +wish / wishes + S2 + would/could + Vbare +…
eg: I wish I would become a famous singer ( in the future )
Câu ước cho một điều ở hiện tại
S1 +wish/ wishes + S2 + V(QKBT ) +… (be -> were : cho tất cả các chủ ngử )
eg: I wish I were a famous singer ( now ).