Tài liệu Module 1: Introduction to Change and Configuration Management Design pptx

Contents Overview 1 Introduction to Change and Configuration Management 2 Defining the Requirements for CCM 9 Defining the CCM Solution 26 Selecting a Course of Action 35 Review 41

Contents

Overview 1

Introduction to Change and Configuration

Management 2

Defining the Requirements for CCM 9

Defining the CCM Solution 26

Selecting a Course of Action 35

Review 41

Module 1: Introduction

to Change and Configuration Management Design

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Instructor Notes

This module provides students with an overview of the concepts and principles

of Change and Configuration Management (CCM)

After completing this module, students will be able to:

Describe the need for a well-defined and correctly deployed CCM infrastructure

Define the requirements for CCM by documenting the business needs and current environment of an organization

Define the CCM solution by assessing available technology options

Select an appropriate course of action to meet the business needs

Materials and Preparation

This section provides the materials and preparation tasks that you need to teach this module

Required Materials

To teach this module, you need the following materials:

Microsoft® PowerPoint® file 2410a_01.ppt

Module 1, “Introduction to Change and Configuration Management Design”

Trainer Materials compact disc

Preparation Tasks

To prepare for this module, you must:

Read all of the materials for this module

Read the technical white papers located on the Trainer Materials compact disc

Read any relevant information in the Microsoft Windows® 2000 or Microsoft Windows XP Help files, and in the Windows 2000 or Windows XP Resource Kit

Be familiar with the principles and practice of CCM

Read the instructor notes that precede each module These contain preparation suggestions for each module

Read the review questions and be prepared to elaborate on the answers provided in the text

Presentation:

90 Minutes

Lab:

00 Minutes

Module Strategy

Use the following strategy to present this module:

Introduction to Change and Configuration Management This section introduces the principles and application of CCM Take the following actions:

• Highlight, but do not dwell on, the benefits of CCM

• Describe CCM implementation as a process that is triggered by infrastructure changes and that results in a managed infrastructure

• Emphasize that new CCM deployments must be implemented as a structured process

Defining the Requirements for CCM

In this section, students learn how to define the requirements for CCM based on an assessment of job roles, user locations, and organizational factors such as corporate policy and security Take the following actions:

• Describe the key elements of CCM: operating system deployment, application management, computer settings management, user settings management, and user data management

• Emphasize that customers should design configurations based on classification of users—for example, based on job role and location Note that the requirements of each customer are unique

Defining the CCM Solution

In this section, students assess the choice of available CCM technologies Students consider the respective benefits and drawbacks Take the following actions:

• Explain that Microsoft delivers a rich management infrastructure in the Windows operating system by means of Group Policy, Remote

Installation Services (RIS), and Terminal Services In addition to these technologies provided in Windows, Microsoft provides Systems Management Server (SMS) to promote advanced CCM capabilities

• Emphasize that most enterprise-class organizations want to consider more than just the in-the-box solutions SMS is a valuable component that delivers advanced software distribution capabilities

• Make it clear that CCM technologies do not exist exclusively for CCM Some, like the Active Directory™ directory service, are built into the operating system and have a number of uses besides CCM

Selecting a Course of Action

In this section, students learn how to determine a course of action that forms the basis of a CCM plan Take the following actions:

• Emphasize the need for a structured approach to CCM implementation, based on a plan All of the modules in this course generate input to a CCM plan

• CCM deployments can be complex Underline the importance of undertaking a pilot prior to a CCM implementation

Overview

Introduction to Change and Configuration Management

Defining the Requirements for CCM

Defining the CCM Solution

Selecting a Course of Action

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To reduce the costs associated with managing a diverse set of organizational needs, many organizations are moving toward a highly managed computing environment based on a successfully designed Change and Configuration Management (CCM) infrastructure In this module, you will learn how to analyze such needs and develop a plan for a CCM infrastructure that will meet them

After completing this module, you will be able to:

Describe the need for a well-defined and correctly deployed CCM infrastructure

Define the requirements for CCM by documenting the business needs and current environment of an organization

Define the CCM solution by assessing available technology options

Select an appropriate course of action to meet the business needs

In this module, you will learn

about change and

configuration management

and how it is implemented

Introduction to Change and Configuration

Management

The Need for CCM

CCM Key Elements

Building an Organization for CCM

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System administrators are required to support a range of users and computers Users have different needs and varying levels of expertise And, with today’s changing business needs, enterprise organizations need a process for allowing change to occur in a structured way, in addition to technology that allows that process to happen smoothly and efficiently This is the basis for Change and Configuration Management

CCM may be defined as the management processes and software tools for managing and supporting the changing hardware and software configurations of the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure of an organization, in a

proactive way CCM must enable efficient IT operations, keep the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to an acceptable minimum, and ease the burden on system administrators and network managers

A number of technologies with Microsoft® Windows® 2000 and Microsoft Windows XP, in addition to Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS), can

be used as part of the CCM infrastructure, by facilitating changes to user settings and client computers with minimal impact To use these technologies effectively, it is crucial that you develop a CCM plan that defines the resources

to be managed and the management processes to be implemented

Topic Objective

To introduce CCM, to

describe its key elements,

and to introduce the

management processes and

software tools required to

manage an IT infrastructure

proactively

The Need for CCM

Complete Administration Tasks Faster

Effectively Target IT Staff

Reduce User Down time

Increase Information Accessibility

Increase Management Control

Enable Remote Management

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Computer networks must be defined and built according to business needs Furthermore, as time passes, hardware and software may be upgraded and replaced at regular intervals CCM technologies support the definition, construction, and upgrade of computer networks

An efficiently managed network is less costly to run Therefore, CCM technologies benefit an organization by reducing the TCO of the computer network Benefits include being able to complete administration tasks faster, effectively target IT staff, reduce user down time, increase information accessibility and management control, and enable remote management

Complete Administration Tasks Faster

The amount of time taken by your network’s administrators to perform the various operating system installations and upgrades is one of the major costs in your organization's current TCO Therefore, as one of its major benefits, your design must provide a means to greatly reduce this time factor

Effectively Target IT Staff

IT staff spend a lot of time manually installing, upgrading, and removing software from client computers They also spend time answering support calls and visiting client computers to conduct management activities With CCM, the overhead can be reduced in terms of time taken for both ongoing maintenance and support calls Hence, CCM provides a means to allocate staff more appropriately

Reduce User Down Time

Computer availability directly affects user productivity For example, when a client computer fails or when there are delays in providing newly appointed staff with computers, productivity suffers Use of a CCM infrastructure can reduce the amount of time users spend waiting for new or upgraded software to

be installed It can also speed up the process of software installation or repair

Increase Information Accessibility

By using CCM technologies, users’ data, settings, and applications can be available at any client computer Even user data that is saved to the network can

be made available when network resources are not present

Increase Management Control

With existing installation technologies, it can be difficult to control which users receive installed or upgraded systems, and the timing of this CCM technologies enable IT staff to control how, when, and where software is distributed, in addition to providing inventory, reporting, and monitoring capabilities

Enable Remote Management

CCM technologies can help IT staff manage and control computers without having to visit them locally For example, CCM technologies enable the remote management of desktops by applying user and computer configuration settings from a central location CCM technologies also enable the remote distribution

of operating systems and applications

CCM Key Elements

Software Distribution Computer Settings Management User Settings Management User Data Management

Operating System Installation

Distribution of Applications, Upgrades and

Updates Definition of Computer Types and Application of Common Settings Definition of User Types and Application

of Common Settings Ensuring the Accessibility, Availability and

Security of User Data Automated OS Installations and Upgrades

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CCM involves the definition and deployment of configurations to meet the technical and organizational requirements A key element of CCM is the ability

to administratively make a change once (for example, perform a task, define some settings), and then replicate that change broadly to many users and computers

You can use a CCM infrastructure to simplify or automate a number of system management tasks:

Operating system installation

As new computers are delivered and new operating systems are released, organizations must install and upgrade client computer operating systems

Software Distribution CCM tools enable a fast, efficient method of deploying software upgrades and updates, including service packs and software patches

Computer settings management CCM tools enable common configurations to be defined and applied by policy Changes to the settings can be applied to all computers in a group, rather than individually, simplifying ongoing administration

User settings management

By using Group Policy, you can use CCM tools to define user-specific settings, such as users’ desktop configuration, Internet settings, and access

to system functionality

User data management CCM tools can ensure that important data is available to users, whether users are connected directly to the local area network (LAN), connected through a slow link, or working remotely without a network connection For example, administrators can provide improved protection of user data by ensuring that local data is redirected or copied to a network share, providing

a central location for administrator-managed backups This capability helps

to enforce corporate directives—for example, to place the most important data on servers

Building an Organization for CCM

Understand the Existing CCM Process

environment

Follow a Process to Implement a CCM Infrastructure

technologies

Create a CCM Design Team

balances competencies

Determine and Agree on the Organizational Goals

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You must consider the deployment of CCM technologies as a project To maximize the project’s chances of success, you must understand the existing CCM process, follow a process to implement a CCM infrastructure, create a CCM design team, and then determine and agree on the organizational goals

Understand the Existing CCM Process

When developing a CCM infrastructure, consider how the organization currently manages changes to its computing environment You must determine the process that is in place—it may be similar to the one already described You can then determine the CCM technologies required The CCM features in SMS, Windows 2000, and Windows XP are extensive and require you to make design choices Not all of the features will be required by every organization

Follow a Process to Implement a CCM Infrastructure

CCM deployment is initiated by the business need to reduce TCO or to improve efficiency of IT operations If you follow a design process, you can analyze the underlying business requirements and assess the technologies that will best support the requirements

At each stage of the process, there are distinct activities that you must undertake and design decisions that you must make These issues are explored throughout this course, which is structured accordingly

Topic Objective

To explain the importance of

consultation and

involvement during the

analysis and design phase

Lead-in

Most CCM implementations

are likely to have

cross-functional boundaries They

have the potential to

become political and be

delayed if the right people

are not involved at the right

levels and at the appropriate

time

Create a CCM Design Team

Create a multidisciplinary team to define and implement the CCM infrastructure One option is to employ the Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF) team model Under the MSF model, teams are small and

multidisciplinary Team members share responsibilities and balance each other’s competencies to focus on the project

To follow and align your team with this model, include the following six roles

in the CCM design team:

Product Management Acts as the customer advocate for the team and the team advocate to the customer

Program Management Acts as a leader, facilitator, and coordinator of the project, but does not act as the boss

Development Designs and develops the CCM infrastructure

Testing Ensures that the status of the project is accurately portrayed by clearly stating what is currently wrong and right with the project

Logistics Management Acts as a team advocate to operations and the operations advocate to the team—for example, ensuring that physical requirements are provided for deployment

User Education Designs user and team training systems

For more information about Microsoft Solutions Framework, see the

Microsoft Solutions Framework White Paper on the Student Materials compact

disc

Determine and Agree on the Organizational Goals

It is very important that you identify early in the design process the criteria that will define the success of the project Remember that different groups of users have different business requirements, so success may mean different things to each group For example, from the administrative perspective, success may be defined as a reduction in the 10 most common support calls, whereas for a department manager, success would involve increased productivity It is important to set achievable and measurable targets, and to review periodically how close the project is to achieving these goals

Note

Defining the Requirements for CCM

Defining the Scope of the CCM Infrastructure

Collecting Key Information

Categorize Users by Job Type

Categorize Users by User Location

Define Appropriate Computer Configurations

Assess the Readiness of the Network

Determining CCM Needs

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When creating a design for a CCM implementation, you need a deep understanding of the organizational environment You may be familiar with the technologies already, but it is very important at this stage that the business needs of the organization, rather than the capabilities of the technologies, guide the design process

To provide a baseline, the design process must start with an analysis of the organization's current environment You must also understand the types and working practices of the users, in addition to existing and planned computer configurations and locations

If you fail to plan the implementation of a CCM infrastructure, the deployment process may take longer than expected, or may fail to meet the needs of the business when the project is complete As a designer, it is important to understand the business motivations for adopting a CCM infrastructure, and the potential business benefits that can an adequate design process can deliver

In this section, you will learn about defining the requirements for CCM in terms

of the computers, their users, and the environments in which the computers and users are found

Topic Objective

To collect information and

define requirements for the

Defining the Scope of the CCM Infrastructure

Defining Organizational Scope

Defining Technical Scope

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It is important to identify both the organizational and technical scope for CCM The rationale is simple: A CCM infrastructure will be deployed to meet the needs of a defined set of users and to manage a clearly defined computing environment Defining scope is important to set user expectations and to enable concrete targets to be set for the project

Defining Organizational Scope

To understand the CCM requirements of an organization, you must identify the organizational structure and determine organizational goals

Every organization can be mapped to show a representation of its logical hierarchy Consider using a drawing application, such as Microsoft Visio® 2000 Professional Edition, to create an organizational chart This chart is useful to the design process because it defines natural boundaries in the organization, which may function as separation points in the use of CCM technologies

The breakdown of the organization is continued through to the job role level; these job roles act as input to the activity of categorizing users by job type One view of the organization may be available in the form of the existing Active Directory™ directory service implementation for the organization

Topic Objective

To define the organizational

and technical scope for the

CCM project

Lead-in

There are more than one

kind of scope

Defining Technical Scope

The technical scope for CCM infrastructure deployment may be considered as the set of computing resources (hardware or software) to be managed

As part of your Windows 2000 or Windows XP deployment, you must have a detailed plan of the organization's network infrastructure This plan includes the location of:

Domain controllers and member servers

Site configuration

The speed of links on and between sites

The available bandwidth between sites

Servers providing specific services, such as Domain Name System (DNS) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Interfaces with infrastructure elements outside the scope of CCM, such as firewalls, networking equipment, and systems running other operating systems

It is useful to develop a diagram of the network, and a logical representation of servers and services on the network In such a diagram, you can confirm which elements of the computing environment the CCM infrastructure will manage, and where the boundaries lie between managed and unmanaged elements If you do not have a network diagram, use a tool such as Microsoft Visio 2000 Professional Edition to create one

Collecting Key Information

Assess the readiness of the network

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A critical factor in achieving success with a CCM infrastructure is to ask relevant questions that generate data to guide the design decisions A significant amount of information must be collected and assessed during the design

process, and the time required to assimilate this data must not be underestimated

Collecting key information can be a four-step process:

Categorize users by their job requirements and their locations

Determine how to combine these categories with any organizational considerations to create standard configurations

Assess the readiness of the existing network for CCM deployment

Incorporate organizational factors such as corporate policy and security Your goal for this data collection process is to document the organization's CCM requirements and the current level of change and configuration management implemented From this, you can plan how the Windows 2000 and/or Windows XP technologies will meet the needs of the organization

Topic Objective

To explain how to collect

key information

Lead-in

Your users are unique, but

they share characteristics

with other organizations

The sections that follow give generic categories of user types, locations, and configurations, which may be used as a starting point for your own

classifications It is likely that your users will include many of the characteristics described, in varying quantities Determine the user categories that are most appropriate for your own organization For example, you may categorize all of your sales staff as knowledge workers, but some may also be categorized as stationary users or traveling workers

Document this research process This will provide guidance when you create a plan to accommodate business needs into the CCM infrastructure For

examples of planning worksheets, see the Change and Configuration

Management Deployment Guide in Appendix A on the Web page on the

Student Materials compact disc

Tip

Categorize Users by Job Type

High-Performance Workers High-Performance Workers

Data -Entry Workers

•Factory Line Workers

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The Gartner Group identified several job types based on how different types of workers use IT services in an organization These job types describe the majority of users in most organizations

High-Performance Workers

The job success of high-performance workers is wholly dependent on their use

of technology They require specialized, often resource-intensive software (such

as software development tools or financial trading systems) to perform their jobs, and they make relatively little use of office productivity applications such

as word processors The job value of these workers is tied to technology, making down time extremely costly Financial traders, engineers, and software developers are examples of high-performance workers

Process Workers

Process workers perform highly repetitive process-driven tasks These users require a combination of line-of-business applications and office productivity applications in their jobs Claims processors, accounts payable clerks, loan processors, and receptionists typically fall into this category

Job types are according to

how workers use IT

services

Data-Entry Workers

Data-entry workers use computers to enter data that will then be available for other corporate functions Data-entry workers are dedicated to a single task and normally use a single line-of-business application (or a small number of related applications) to do their jobs Bank tellers, data-entry personnel, and factory line workers typically fall into this category

Categorize Users by User Location

Stationary User Roaming User

Mobile Worker

Remote User Telecommuter

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After you categorize users according to their job types and IT service requirements, you must identify the locations from which workers perform their job tasks The User Location defines how users connect to the network

Location types are largely independent of the worker types defined earlier

Stationary Users

A stationary user performs work tasks on a desktop computer that is located in

an office and directly connected to the corporate LAN

Roaming Users

Roaming users move from one computer to another to perform their jobs Often, they use different computers in the same office An example is a call center, where a computer may be available to multiple users who access their software and settings when they log on

User location defines how

users connect to the

network

Remote Users

Remote users connect to the network from a fixed off-site location, such as a branch office Employees who work at branch offices in other cities or countries and connect by an unreliable or low-bandwidth link are typical examples of remote users

Define Appropriate Computer Configurations

Lightly Managed—High-Performance Workers

Mobile Computer—Mobile Users

Multi-User—Shared Access

Application Station—Non-Technical Users

Task Station—Process Workers

Kiosk—Unattended Client Computers

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For most users, computers are tools for a job Organizations want workers to have the computing tools that provide maximum value and productivity When you design your user data management plan, you must understand the common computer configurations used in your organization One configuration will not work for everyone in your organization Therefore, your design must incorporate several standard configurations that you can apply to users, based

on their needs and specific job functions

Windows 2000 and Windows XP offer great flexibility in customizing your desktop The following sections describe several sample client computer configurations and their relationship to needs for user data management

Lightly Managed

This type of configuration contains settings that could be used to lower the TCO of a desktop for any level of user or application The primary goal is to remove a few unnecessary features, such as the MMC administration plug-ins and some items in Control Panel In any environment, including one that is very lightly managed, a select list of settings and configurations can simplify and improve the desktop experience This is a good solution for high-performance workers or developers who require a lot of control over their computers You can also use this scenario in an organization where tightly managed desktops are not appropriate to users

Your computer network

design must incorporate

several standard

configurations

Multi-User

This configuration is for a highly secure, public, shared-access client computer that must run at all times The client computer is managed, yet users can configure parts of their desktops Study labs in a university or a library are good locations for such public computing environments

Application Station

An application station is a highly restricted version of the Lightly Managed desktop It provides the user with a limited set of applications (for example, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and line-of-business applications) The client computer is set up with a very restricted and highly secure configuration The

desktop and Start menu are significantly simplified Users cannot add or

remove applications, but they can save specified data and settings that roam with them

Task Station

A task station is a public client computer that is dedicated to running a single application It is similar to the application station However, it has only one application installed that automatically starts when the user logs on Therefore,

there is no desktop or Start menu

As in the case of the application station, users cannot add or remove applications, but they can save specified data and settings that roam with them

An example of a task station is a data-entry terminal or a computer on a factory floor This client computer is largely unattended and is dedicated to running one specific application, with different operators logging on during their shifts

Kiosk

This configuration is designed for an unattended public client computer with a single application that runs constantly and cannot be customized The kiosk scenario is similar to a task station, but users are anonymous No

customizations can be made and no user state is preserved Users cannot log on, log off, restart, or shut down the computer A kiosk is tightly secured because

many people use it in a public environment The Start menu, taskbar, and

desktop icons are not visible to the user One example of a kiosk is an airport client computer that allows users to access flight information or to check in for

a flight

Assess the Readiness of the Network

Network Infrastructure

Net Available Bandwidth

Client Computers

Server Hardware

Group Policy and Active Directory Structure

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The deployment of CCM technologies has an impact on your network It therefore is important for you to be aware of the network’s readiness and suitability for these changes For example, the use of CCM technologies may increase the amount of data that is transferred across the network and stored on network servers You must ensure that the current network topology is able to support these technologies

Network Infrastructure

When planning to deploy CCM, consider the network services that each network requires, and establish whether these services are available in that business location Include details on:

The location of the services in relation to the location of the client computers, and the available bandwidth across that link

The number of client computers to be serviced at each location

The types of services that are require

The frequency and the timing with which the services are requested

It is important to consider both the frequency and the timing of service requests For example, if users do not access a particular service very often, but they all typically access it at the same time, you could have bandwidth limitation problems when they try to access that service